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Show I NO QUARTER IN WAR AGAINST "HUNS WITHIN OUR GATES" results. Adjust the sprayer so that all parts of the plant that are exposed to the air will bo covered. Work Cor co-operation in the neigh-borhood. neigh-borhood. One badly infected or infested in-fested garden may be the source of disease Infection or insect infestation for several near-by gardens. Keep your own garden clean and It will be an object lesson for careless neighbors and will have a tendency to help clean up the neighborhood. This will make control easier and cheaper another year. More than $300,000,000 worth of meat and other foodstuffs are d-stroyed d-stroyed annually in the United States through the ravages of predatory ani. mals and noxious rodents. By far th greater proportion of this loss can be eliminated by the expenditure of a small fraction of the amount of annual an-nual losses from these pests. Predatory animals destroy annually annu-ally from twenty to thirty million dollars worth of livestock on the vest-ern vest-ern cattle ranges. The Forest Service estimates that each wolf destroys an. nually an average of $1000 worth of livestock, each coyote $50, each mountain moun-tain lion $500, each bobcat $50 nd each stock-killing grizzly bear $500. During the last two years up-fa October 31, 1917, hunters have killefffc and obtained the skins of 1164 wolves, 46,250 coyotes, 125 mountain lions, 5C13 bobcats and 123 bears Figuring the losses of livestock from predatory animals according to the Forest Service Serv-ice estimate given above, the annual saving resulting from the destruction of the predatory animals whose skins have been taken by hunters amounts to more than $3,840,000. This saving is continuous, not only for the year following the destruction of the anl-mals, anl-mals, but for succeeding years until the career of the animals themselves and their possible progeny is -ended. The saving of meat Jutput by the predatory preda-tory animal operation of the United States Biological Servey is not limited to this amount, since in addition to trapping and hunting, through which these skins were .obtained, extended poisoning campaigns have been conducted con-ducted over great areas where predatory preda-tory animals were abundant. Mora than 300.000 carefully prepared poison baits were distributed in badly infested in-fested areas, with a result in many districts dis-tricts of the almost total disappearanca of predatory animals. Important poisoning pois-oning campaigns against predatory animals are now in progress in Colorado, Col-orado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico, Arizona and Nevada. Losses From Rodents During the year 1917 more than $3 000 was received from the sale of the skins which were saved in connection with the hunting and trapping oper- ; atjons, and the net receipts were turned into the United States TreJ ury. " 5 It is conservatively estimated that a loss of $150,000,000 annually, largely in cereals, is suffffered from the depredations de-predations of native rodents, chiefly prairie dogs, ground squirrels, pocket gophers, jack rabbits, meadow and pine mice. Since the introduction of the house rat in the United States they have become extremely abundant and widely distributed throughout the country, where they destroy annually many millions of dollars' worth of food products and crops. These losses occur alike in cities, villages and farmsteads.' Their inroads upon food products occur in freight departments of railroads and steamboat lines, stor-.age stor-.age places of grain and food dealers, commission houses, wholesale drug houses', candy shops, bakeries, flour mills, cold-storage houses, city and country dwellings, granaries, fields and poultry yards. The loss of food and other products in the United States from this source amounts to not less than $200,000,000 annually, which amount does not include indirect indi-rect losses occasioned by human disease dis-ease disseminated by rats and the necessary expenditures in combating them. These various destructive agencies are some of "the Huns within our gates" seeking to destroy our food J products; and they are the enemle that must be overcome this year'ahjeg with the Hun in Europe if our civilization civili-zation is to survive. Upon one flank advances the army o( insects the tfessian ,fly, the army worm, the grasshopper, the chinch bug, the white grub and the cutworm rpHE Big Drive is on! - Not "somewhere in France." but "somewhere in America." Enemies of the United States and all her allies-millions allies-millions of them have gone "over the top" in the spring and summer campaign cam-paign of 1918, and unless thoy are checked and turned back very speed- ily by every man, woman and child in the United States, disaster will come somewhere around next Christmas, Christ-mas, when the wintry winds and nows are blowing again and the empty coal-bin and the empty food-larder food-larder are claiming their victims. "The Huns within our gates" are loose again. Not the spies of the Kaiser and the Crown Prince, who pry about insidiously seeking "Inside information" in-formation" about our war plans and equipment. Not the smooth-talking propagandists spreading their oratorical oratori-cal salve among gullible persons. They are the despoilers of our food, the predatory insects and animals that prey upon our crops, the Huns within our garden gates and out In our farmlands. farm-lands. America is planting this year upon the most pretentious scale in her history. his-tory. Unless some plague or blight or season of severe storms comes along, the ' agricultural yield of 1918 from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada to Mexico will b: the greatest in the history of the North .'.merican continent. Already it is forecast that tho 1918 spring wheat crop is the greatest since 1911, the best spring wheat year in the history of the country. coun-try. Last year's acreage was slightly more than 18,000,000. and the record acreage of 1911 was 20,000,000. The spring wheat acreage of 1918 is said to be equal to that of 1911 and may even be greater. Reports to the Department De-partment of Agriculture and the food administration show that the people of the nation have responded in an unprecedented un-precedented -nanner to the call to produce pro-duce more food. There will be more war gardens and more war farms than the country has ever known. Army Bent on Crop Destruction Against this epochal planting advances ad-vances an army this spring equally as potent, equally as destructive, as the Hun hordes in Europe who are seeking seek-ing tor crush France and England before the United States can get into the war Upon one flank advances the army of insects the Hessian fly, the army worm, the grasshopper, the chinch bug, the white grub and the cutworm. Upon the other flank advance ad-vance the animals that consume our foodstuffs the rodents, the wolves, the jack-rabbits, the coyote and the bobcat. bob-cat. These two advancing columns are intent upon consuming a great portion of the food intended for the sustenance of America and her allies,, and unless they are turned back by home-applied science and common-sense common-sense the cause of democracy will suffer suf-fer in 'proportion to our neglect and indifference. -Millions of dollars' worth of food are lost every year because of the depredations of the insects that devour de-vour farm and garden products. A great portion of the annual loss to the grain crop, due to insect injuries, can be avoided by vigilance and vigorous vig-orous action on the part of the grain-growers. grain-growers. Insect outbreaks frequently originate within limited areas, and when this is the case it is often possible pos-sible to stamp them out before any great damage has occurred. In other instances the outbreaks are of general gen-eral origin, and then community action ac-tion is essential in order that the inroads in-roads of the pest may be overcome. The most serious insect enemies of cereal crops, such as the Hessian fly, the chinch bug and the white grub, belong be-long to the latter class. In the case of these and other widely distribute " foes of the grains no means of stopping stop-ping their ravages will be fully successful suc-cessful until community action can e secured in adopting the methods of combat at present advocated by entomologists. ento-mologists. The Hessian fly, found throughout almost the entire winter-wheat region, re-gion, is a minute, mosquito-like fly which lays its eggs upon the leaves of wheat. These ggs hatch into little lit-tle maggots which crawl down into tho leaf sheaths. There they live upon the plant's 6ap, which they obtain by gnawing into the soft portions of the ytem. Usually two, but sometimes three or more, generations of the in-eeot in-eeot oconr during a year. Next to the Hessian fly the chinch bug doubtless is the most destructive pest affecting cereal crops. It does greatest damage to corn. The adult or full-grown bug is black and about one-eighth of an Inch in length, and usually bears conspicuous white wings folded over Its back. The young ones Common Garden Insects INSECT l'EANTS ATTACKED TREATMENT Eating type: Tomato worms. . . .Tomato Hand pick or spray with arsenate of lead. Cabbage worm Cabbage group Hand pick or apply arsenate of lead. i Cucumber beetles. . Cucumber w .....Cover with frames. Apply tobacco dust or spray with Bordeaux Bor-deaux mixture or arsenate of lead. Cutworms Tomato, cabbage, onion Apply poison bait; hand pick; apply Paris green -or arsenate of lead. Potato beetle Potato, eggplant and tomato Hand pick or apply arsenate of lead. Sucking type: Squash bug Squash, pumpkin, melons, etc.. . .Hand pick; spray with kerosene emulsion or nicotine sulphate. Aphis (plant lice). .Cabbage group and other plants. .Spray with kerosene emulsion, a solution of hard soap or nicotine sulphate. Ohe young worms are hatched. It takes three years for most kinds of wire-worms wire-worms to get their full growth and to become beetles. To combat the enemies of the farm and garden the Agriculture Department Depart-ment lays down the following general principles, which it supplements with specific remedies for any one plague; which are to be procured in abundance at the department's headquarters in Washington: Preventive measures are best. Rotate Ro-tate crops. Avoid introducing insects and, diseases on plants obtained for selling out. Practice clean- cultivation. Employ fertilizers to stimulate plant growth. Work on the principle that a vigorous growing garden will produce pro-duce a crop in spite of injurious insects in-sects and diseases. Become familiar with the insects and diseases known to occur in your district on the crops you are growing. Equip yourself in advance with all necessai' remedies and the means of applying them. Remember that the timely application of a remedy acts as an insurance against loss. Neighborhood Co-operation Watch constantly for the first, appearance ap-pearance of a disease or insect. Inspect In-spect the garden at least every other day Determine what is causing injury in-jury and apply the proper treatment promptly. Use the combination treatments treat-ments in case a complication of troubles is present. Repeat treatments as often as necessary, keeping in mind the influence of weather conditions as well as the life history of the insect or fungus causing the disease. Use insecticides and fungicMies in the proper dilution to accomplish the object without injuring the plants. Standard remedies are best. Test others experimentally before using them on a large scale. Use the best sprayerj. A thorough application is necessary for the best are bright red and wingless. The old bugs live over the winter hidden among the clumps of wild grasses, especially es-pecially those known as the "broom sedges," which grow abundantly - in uncultivated places throughout the greater portion of the main wheat belt of the United States. It is the usual habit of the chinch bug first to attack fields of wheat, rye or barley, and its presence often is unnoticed because the injuries inflicted upon these crops are obscure or of no apparent ap-parent importance. About harvest time the bugs leave the small grains and crawl over the surface of the ground to the nearest fields of corn, where they begin at once to wreak severe injury. Watchfulness is the key to success in cases of invasion by . army worms, which are the young of certain moths or millers that fly only at night. The eggs from which the army worms hatch are laid commonly on grasses or grasslike grains, and the tiny caterpillars, cater-pillars, upon hatching, feed for several sev-eral days near the ground, hidden by overhanging grasses or grains, and thus may escape notice until nearly full grown, by which time they have become widely distributed over the infested fields. Beware the Grasshopper! Cutworm injury, which usually consists con-sists in the cutting off of the plants at or a little below the surface of the ground, almost invariably occurs in the spring, beginning as soon as the first plants sprout and continuing until late June or early July, by which time the worms' are full grown. The worms feed at night and rest during the day beneath debris or in the soil from one-half to one inch below the surface; and since in most cases they resemble the soil closely in color, the cause of the injury often is not apparent. ap-parent. However, if the soil surrounding surround-ing the cut-off plant be examined carefully, the culprit probably will be found curled up beneath the surface. Grasshoppers are Injuriously abundant abun-dant in various parts of the United States every year. Their ravages, which occur chiefly on alfalfa and the grasses, can be prevented largely by cheap and practical means, especially where vigilance is exercised. These pests may be discovered in their young stages, when it is easy to control them by means of poisoned baits. The more injurious kinds of grasshoppers nearly all live over the winter in the eggs, which are placed in the ground by the old -grasshoppers in late summer sum-mer or early fall. The eggs hatch the following spring, usually during the months of May and June in the Northern North-ern States. Every effort should be made to discover the young insects before they have attained any considerable consid-erable size, when the injury done by them is still very slight, and when they are wingless and easily killed by poisons pois-ons or mechanical means. White grubs are the young of the common brown May beetles, or "June beetles," which begin to appear during dur-ing the latter part of April and continue con-tinue to be seen in the evening throughout the month of May and even as late as June. These beetles lay their eggs in the ground, preferably prefer-ably in timothy grasslands. The little grubs, upon hatching, feed largely upon decayed vegetable matter in the soil and therefore are not usually detected de-tected at this time. The billbugs, snout-beetles or "elephant "ele-phant bugs," as they are variously termed, are hard-shelled beetles which live normally in sedges, rushes, or the large wild grasses found growing in moist, low ground. Corn planted in t river and creek bottoms or other low places, especially in the southern por tions of the country, is liable to injury in-jury by billbugs. The grubs, or young, of these beetles live Inside the stems or roots of plants, and their injuries to corn usually are caused by their eating out the central portion of the stalk, thereby stunting and seriously injuring the corn plants. The adult beetles also injure the corn, for they puncture the growing point or "bud" of the plant. Enemies of Corn The corn root-aphis attacks the roots of corn throughout the States east of the Rocky Mountains, especially espe-cially in those States within the main corn belt of the country, but also in the South Atlantic States. Since it passes almost its entire life underground, under-ground, its presence frequently is not suspected. It is a small, stout, soft-bodied, soft-bodied, whitish-looking insect and may be discovered in infested fields by pulling pull-ing up the unhealthy corn plant and closely examining the roots and surrounding sur-rounding soil. This kind of aphis depends de-pends entirely upon the services of a small brown ant, sometimes called the cornfield ant, in order to secure its food and the means of surviving the winter, and the presence of an unusual un-usual number of brown ants in corn fields may indicate an infestation of the corn root-aphis. The eggs of the insect are laid by a wingless female aphis, which develops only in the fall Of the year. The ants carry the aphis eggs into their nests, caring for them all winter long, and in the spring when the eggs hatch the young aphids are carried out and placed In contact with the roots of certain wild plants such as smartweed. If corn is then planted in such infested places, the ants transfer the aphids to the roots of the corn plants, where they continue con-tinue to live upon the sap, thereby robbing the corn of its nourishment and often causing a heavy loss to the crop. Wireworms are especially destructive destruc-tive to seed corn in the ground and to the young corn and wheat plants. They work entirely underground and are among the most difficult to control con-trol of all the insect foes thaf afflict the farmer. Wireworms are the young of the common snapping beetles or click beetles, and the worms are yellowish or brownish, highly polished and slippery to the touch. They' move actively and disappear rapidly when brought to the surface by the plow or spade. The eggs are laid in the ground, usually in sod lands, where |