Show HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE UTES IN UTAH BY INDIAN WILLIAM SERVICE S SMITH S The life of an Indian agent la 1 sale with the Utes The killing of an ag nt comes high and the lesson Inculcated by tho penalty inflicted for the murder of Agent flecker Is ever uppermost In the Ute mind The WhIt River Ute recently made the final payment of nearly 70000 withheld from their annuities an-nuities and distributed by annual payments pay-ments for twenty t years toMrs Meeker f Mls3 Josephine Meeker and the relatives rela-tives of murdered employees Tho killing of Indian Agent N C flecker and employees of the Government Govern-ment on the 29th day of September 3S79 and almost simultaneously the killing of MaJ Thornburpr and thirty eight of his gallant men led to n conference con-ference looking to the removal of Indians In-dians from both the White River and L PJno3 agencIes In Colorado A TREATY RATIFIED In tho spring of 1SSO a delegation rom the three bands of Ute visited Washington to confer In regard to a settlement of their unfortunate affairs af-fairs The result of the negotiations embodied a promise on the part of the S TJtes to procure If possible the surrender sur-render to the United States of those S members of their nation Implicated In the massacre and an agreement to use X their b endeavors to procure the consent con-sent of threefourths of the adult male Indians of the Ute tribe to ratify a S treaty now formulated This agreement S agree-ment waa dated March 6 1SSO and approved ap-proved by act Congress dated June 5 15 1SSO COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED The treaty was entitled An act to accept and ratify the agreement sub 1w7r pT F lLWf I T4 t 1r C L i LL S S Group Baptized Utes milled by tho confederated bands of Ute Indians in Colorado for the sale of their reservation in said State and for other purposes and lo make the necessary neces-sary appropriations > to carry out the Game The President appointed Hon George W Many penny Alfred B Qlcacham John B Bowman John J Russelland Otto Mears commissioners to secure ratification and to execute exe-cute its provisions Their further duties du-ties were to ascertain the location of the necessary agricultural and grazing lands for settlement of these bands > to direct surveying patties to select < ands for agency buildings mills schools etc also the allotment of lands In severally and the removal of the Indians to the reservations selected Tho commissioners were successful In having the treaty ratified and certified Ito tho Secretary of the Interior by the 2Ith of September 18SO The disposition of the Colorado Utes resulted In putting the White River Ules in with the Uintahs at White Rocks Utah in selecting a reservation of i almost 2000000 acres on the Green and White Rivers in Utah adjoining the Uinlah reservation for the Uncom ipahgres and assigning the Southern Utes to their old reservation In southwestern south-western Colorado APPROPRIATIONS An appropriation of 350000 had been made for removal purposes surveying lands building houses mills etc and a payment of 75000 was authorized I and to be paid as soon as the Utcs had ratified the agreement of removal Six ty thousand of this amount was from annuities now duo them This money as apportioned gave onethird to the Southern Utes onehalf to the Uncom pahgres and onesixth to the White Rivers The population of each band at this lime being White River Utes 665 Uncompahgres 1200 Southern lUtes 1330 The Ulntahs at this date numbered 450 5 5 AFTER THE MASSACRE S The annual reports of Indian agents for ISiO and 1S80 and even longer are Dntenselyinterestlng reading After the massacre the wildest rumors were carried to other Indians and It was ear dlhe various bands would unite in < a war to exterminate the whites The i calmness and diplomacy of Agent Crltchlow at Uintah deserves notice fflis relatives and friends Implored him to leave 1 and take his family to a place L safely Many of his Indians so ad ylsort him for delegations of Utes 1rom Colomdo liad been there to Incite the Ulnlahs to unite with lUa1S10 them In war rare But he resolutely refused and said lle would sIL down aLAn Ulnlah ChIef Tabby saId aL-An right IndIans sit down too When the excitement had subsided the agent went to WsIilnguon leaving his family and employees0 employees in the careS care-S hIs ITHlians They told him they Tvould take care of his family He left with perfect confidence In their prom file and found all safe on his return and the T Indians almost as glad to see Sum as were his own children HONOR AND HONESTY It is an undisputed fact that the Ute has a code of honor and a welldefined code of honesty l thai would put most white communities to shame The late Bishop Whlpplo of Minnesota who was much with the Indians of the north was tenting with them on the occasion of a great gathering and desiring to make a trip away and be gone a few days asked a chief if the things in his tent would be safe during his absence Yes replied the chief there Is not a white man within a hundred miles S UNCOMPAHGRES AT OURAY When the Uncompahgrcs left Los CPlnon agency Colorado August 23 3SS1 for Green river Utah they left behind Improvements of considerable value to them The Government re munerated them f9r these giving to hJGta > > the wIdow of Chief Ouray SaOOO to Shavanaux 1000 to others less ithe total being 7700 On the river bottoms i near the new agency in Utah white men had made Home Improvements These were np praised < the commissioners and pay Payp ment for the same recommended p IRRIGATING CANALS At this time 1881 two miles of irri gating dllches about five miles from the agency and on White river had been constructed A tract containing 1C73 acres between the White and Grcei rivers controlled by Charles Popper had a ditch surveyed for Irrlgatinf these lands The Ute Commission recommended an expenditure of 10000 for canal foi the Uncompahgrcs during the yew 1SS2 Then the honorable commissions of Indian Affairs In his report datqc October 10 1SS3 slates that a lalhl Irrigating ditch has been In prOcess 02 construction during the past sgmmci on the Uncompahgie icaervation flu we leach the climax In the lepott z of the agent at Ouray made August 11 1S83 fie says The 20000 Irrlgatlnt ditchUmt was recommended and constructed con-structed under the personal supervision super-vision of the Ute Commission Is an absolute ab-solute failure A COLOSSAL TRADE Leaving the subject of canals and growth of crops for consideration later It may prove Inleieatlng Just here to Inquire what the Utes gave up In Colorado and what they received In return In Utah The Los Plnos Agency and the White River agency weie established March J 1SGS The Ute Indians In-dians hUll a good and sufficient title to more than 12000000 acreo In Colorado They were originally and ilghtfully possesspisof this land and thin too by i solemn treaties made with the Government Govern-ment of the United States The Southern South-ern Ute reservation contains 851000 acres the White Rivers sluue a 2000 000acie reservation with the Ulntahs and what was given the Ulfcomp hsrci In lieu of their share of the 12000000 aces Is thus described by the Indian agent at Ouiay in his nnual 1 report ol date August 13 1S83 There Ig i not S stream outside of the Green aid White rivers that has running water two months during < the > year ItTlg notilrg but a desert and it is Just an utter Impossibility for an agent to koep Indians In-dians Inside the lines of this reservation reserva-tion the Uncompahgre as on three sdeslt Is bounded mountains where there is plenty of water crags and game It will be remembered tnte reservation adjoins their former one in Colorado The truthfulness of the report re-port will hardly disputed by subsequent subse-quent agents or the game wardens of the State of Colorado The White River Utes claim that 3000000 is now due them from the disposal of their lands The proceeds of the sale of the lands at 125 per acre after reimbursing reimburs-ing the United States for all expenditures expendi-tures for the Indians was to be deposited de-posited in the treasury for their benefit bene-fit We have not at hand the data to verify this claim or the other one that the Utes were to be allowed to return re-turn to their old reservation every year to hunt but they are both reasonable rea-sonable and the honorable commissioners commis-sioners report fOr 1879 states that this removal to another location was on condition of their receiving pay for the value of their Colorado lands It Is not clear to Uio Ute mind how tht convcrson of a reservation Into a forestry reserve should Invalidate a solemn compact made with untut red Indian bands It was formerly said that the Indian service was the best abused branch of the Government and the Utcs may have a suspicion that they have been the worst abused wards of the Na 7 tonTheir Their reservation In Colorado was declared public land by ctor Cpn gross July 28 1882 and this vast tract r was erased from the Jiapan as Indian reservation foreVer t > lb f 51 RESERVATION THROWN OPEN During the winters of 1897 and 18DS all of the Uncompahgre reservation east of the Green river except mineral lands was thrown open for settlement and up tP this time not a half dozen entries have been heard of at tho agency and when the agricultural lands were allotted the Indians under un-der net of June 7 1897 by the commission commis-sion consisting of James Jeffreys Ross Guflln and Howell P Myton so limited was the quantity that only elghtythree allotments were made and many of the Ouray Indians were given allotments allot-ments on the UlntahrrcTservatlbn1 And 1 statistics for November 1899 glvo i tIle CorNovombc11899lIo tfe Ouray and Uintah Indians combined 100 allotments and 150 Indians living on them 4 NO PERMANENT ALLOTMENTS According to the provisions of the treaty of 1SSO allotments In severally of lands In Utah were to be made to the Indians To each hoad of a family onequarter section of agricultural land and In addition grazing land not to exceed onequarter section To each single person over IS years of ago one eighth of a section and a like amount of grazing land To each orphan child and each other person under 18 years of age oneeighth of a section and a like quantity ot grazing land But owing to delays In making surveys sur-veys and from other causes the mat ter was deferred and up to this date there has not been a compliance with this part of the treaty The few that hae been made are simply allowances temporary In their nature and the Individual Ute has no reality that he can call his own and build on and Improve with assurance of ultimate ownership S Hiram Price Commissioner of In dian Affairs In his report of October 1SS1 declares that A cause of tho unsatisfactory un-satisfactory condition of our Indian af fairs Is the failure of the Government to give the Indian land In severally and to give It to him In such a way that he will know that ft Is I his wa No wonder the Indian Is slow I to cultivate the soil when he has not a piece of land he can call his own and when his requests arc refused or neglected even In the face of treaty stipulations slJulatons A white man would not be blamed for losing heart under GlfnllftV circumstances circum-stances The Indian should beencour aged In every possible way to work for his support for labor Is the great civilizing agent I The same commissioner says I white men were treated as we treat the Indians the result would certainly be a race of worthless vagabonds 7 THE GOOD CHIEF OURAY No historical account of the Uncom pahgres can be complete without refer once to Chief Ouray whose death occurred oc-curred at the Southern agency 130 miles from his home where he had gone In the interests of the treaty of 1SSO He was fl L man of advanced views I and great sagacity an honorable In Man legislator and always counseling 1 I I I I V 1 frg I 5 L iL r5 I I I i 1 j F f rs t t I V I 11 JA v V WfccOfrJJlf L te S e tintah and White Biver Pupils S for the upward trend of his tribe In civilization and education He was probably the wisest Indian of his generation gen-eration Ouray agency Is named In honor of this noble chief AN INDIAN BURIAL S As1 I was the custom of the Utes In the event of death to sacrifice all the properly belonging tothe deceased Agent Berry at Los Pinos agency resolved re-solved to prevent the relatives of Ouray from the custom Ln destruction wonuto the house anl after mU h persuasion and a talk among them selv sHhey yielded and set aside their COgt1U1 on this occasion The com 4pletnes6 of the destruction and the ex jteiu of the sacrifice when a death occurred oc-curred can be Imagined from an enumeration enu-meration of all the belongings The tent blankets gun tie were burned wearing apparel l trinkets money and I food wre deposited In the grave and I favorite ponleo shot about It The S Snear relatives cut their hair and sometimes the entire band would omJlres remove re-move to some other locality 5 THE WHLTE RIVERS AT HOMES HOME-S The peaceable Ulntahs who had occupied oc-cupied their l elation without friction fric-tion or trouble of any serious nature for many years were not wholly satisfied sat-isfied with conditions after the locatIng locat-ing of the murderous band ot White baj Rivera among them The payment of the S1200 was now made to the latter by the Government for ratifying the treaty and leaving Colorado besides under existing treaties they were ic celvlng live or six times as much In rations and supplies a the Ulntahs and had been promised liberal annuity payments forever while the Ulntahs were furnished with less than one fourth of a ration and a very small appropriation S approjn1aton The honorable dommissioner In his report of October 1SS1 says We feed the White River murderers and compel com-pel the peaceable Ulntahs to largely I care for themselves This looks to an tor irrigation and an abundant supply of water The Uintah reservation Is scarcely rivaled anywhere fr Its uniform uni-form and ample supply a water facility facil-ity of distribution and freedom from il But they have been dull students In the school of thrift and are behind their associates the Ulntahs less tractable and more bitter In their opposition op-position to schools I requites a chromo In the most brilliant colors to induce a White River to send his chll cen school and because of so much smaller representation In the schools than the Ulntahs the latter complain and use the fact a a subterfugeS THE UINTAH UTES Tie Ulnlah reservation was established estab-lished by executive order October 3 1861 and by act of Congress approved May 5 1861 The Ulntahs were then and hadbeqn for years possessors oC this land The crcsts of the mountains form the boundary line on tin eo sides By a treaty negotiated In 1874 they wcfa made eeeuie in their right to all lands drained by tho Uintah river and Its tributaries and were nllowxHl a sum of money or United States bonds placed to their credit which at 5 cent would yield 25000 annually for their use and benefit forever The mountain gorges on this 2039010 acre trace furnish building timber theirslopes cedar for posts nad fuel while the melting mountain drifts supply sup-ply pure clear water the summer through The excessive fertility of soil we sometimes read about Is a fable Aside from n small per cent on the river bottoms bot-toms the land Is thin and easily exhausted ex-hausted by the growth of cereal crops Lucerne Is the principal crop is easily cared for by the Indians and does remarkably re-markably well The high altitude on Portions of the tillable lands makes crop con ltlQns very precarious but for cat tIc and oheepgrazlnfftthe western part of the reservation excels notably the Strawberry valley which is high and cold and wrapped In isnow till late in spring Inuring n luxuriant growth of grass S PROFITABLE GRAZING LEASES Three grazing tracts in that part approximating 1000000 acres wore leased l in 1890 for five years from which tho two bands at While Rocks receive large revenue Previously a comparatively compara-tively small I sum was realized from the range lands but Agent M tcn by recommending rec-ommending a division of the district and giving wide publicity to the letting and leasing to the highest bidder succeeded suc-ceeded m securing annually 20000 which amount Is paid to the Utes In semiannual payments The Uncom pahgrcs have no share In the disbursements disburse-ments of this grass moneyS money-S THE OTHER SIDE While the annual reports of the several sev-eral Commissioners and Indian agents fOI the past twenty years furnish enough to make out quite a serious case against the Government there Is nevertheless another side Millions I of money have been appropriated and expended ex-pended for the support and In the interests in-terests of our American Indians Schools are established lands fenced supplies Issued and regiments of employees em-ployees sent out to teach them In the various lands of Industry Twenty years ago the Government was expending expend-ing over 1000000 annually In feeding and clothing Indians where no treaty obligations existed for so doing To what extent thIs gratuity obtains today day we have not statistics on that particular par-ticular Item at hand by which to make comparison But the writer knows no other Indians personally than the Utes and desires to convey fact concerning them Qnly SUPPLIES ISSUED AND CASH DISTRIBUTED DIS-TRIBUTED Besides a limited amount of beef flour sugar and coffee and farming implements im-plements to those who till any land and food and clothing to pupils in the schools they iccclvd in cash from annuities an-nuities annually about 1 for each man woman and child This makes a distribution of nearly 525000 for u 1 the Utcs at this agency and as tho whole number of Ulntahs and White Rivers combined very nearly equals the num ber of the Uncompahgres the amount is divided about half and half giving 12500 at WhiteRocks and a like sum at the subagency Ouray From the statistics of the Indian olfice n novjce In the methods would conclude that the Uteri had an opportunity oppor-tunity to amass fortunes Take the rc ports for the year ending in VC00 For the confederated oaml of Utes which Includes the Southern Utos In Colorado the interest on trust funds under the treaty of 1880 was 75000 Approprlj atcd by Congress under treaty stipulations stipu-lations 53710 Indian money proceeds pro-ceeds of labor 531113 Total 132 19113 This was the Income of said Utes for last year Aside from what has here been enumerated enu-merated the Uncompahgres receive nothing except money for hauling freight delivering wood dally labor performed and the proceeds of hay and grain sold S The Ulntahs and White Rivers fare better ns they have in addition the 20000 of crass money besides 0 wider acreage of lucerne l The Government has done much for the IJtejS but none too much In comparison with what they have surrendered THE SITUATION TODAY We come now to the termination of twenty years In Utah and to a careful cnndjd look Into the future At White Rooks the Government has erected substantial agency buildings consisting of olllce > building agents house both new commissaries gristmill grist-mill shops houses l for employees stables sheds etc The school plant consists of three principal buildings and three others commissary laundry and shop tolu1 1 cost about 20000 A new steam sawmill put in by the Government Govern-ment Is now In operation In the mountains moun-tains fifteen miles from White Rocks At Ouray the buildings are ordinary the commissaries are built chiefly on the stockade plan This point Is on the Green river over which a ferryboat transports Indians and their teams I Is known as the subagency as the two agencies were consolidated In 1SSC I 4Iic lfl U SISW LLPfl 1 1 j 5 g5 555 i1 SS 1 Mt i ia zwrzi 5 r r 1 i1 a r 45mJ L ct 1 A L St W1l 5rJl rn asnc J rtzm ei L i 4a Si rqs I f S I S ni S a S V S = m IM S piWLt mi IIILZ1 72WOrIL LIC 5 5 r 5 i 1 ri t 5 3v t zQ rz I il ari S 5 1j S 4 L c I t S rfl o I L rr a S S SIS r pI S TTncompahgro School Pupils lindlr an very much like rewarding ene nites and punishing friends and gives hm a singular Idea of our Christian civilization and our manner of administering admin-istering justice which has s much the appearance of rewarding Vice and punishing pun-ishing virtue 5 In time however there was an adjustment ad-justment of this anomalous condition which had given U c agents untold worry arid stirred their sympathetic nature to Us very depths and now the two are a one tribe In the matter of disbursements S TRY iflM SOME DOG In after years when all animosities had been burled a great feast was celebrated at White Rocks Tho chiefs and headmen and the braves of other tribes and the most prominent of the pale faces on the reservation were there The agent was so cordially invited in-vited he could not gracefully refuse But he knew tho significance of this particular feast and one item at least on the bill of fare and he made sure beforehand to Inform Interpreter Charley Mack that he did not like dog nnd that if any trouble came up he would depend on him to explain to thcUles and help him out When the day and hour appointed came he was shown to n vacant spot on the ground In the line of the august and highly decorated chiefs After grace had I4fl said c11efs had surmised the first course was dog I started at the head with venerable chief who took a portion and paosed the platter to the noxt1t was coming lo the agent and he looked across and I made sr Charley who seemedto slgns to seemed to be wholly unconcerned It was 3 moment mo-ment of awful suspense but Charley was really enjoying the agents rand r-and did not propose to make any change In tile programme He however how-ever came to the agents relief in this way You tnste him mebbe you like him some dog BIg yaller dog Mo oca him ylstlOay S rfAgoni White iirhls I book gives a very racy account of this ludicrous incident TREATY IN IT APPLICATION The treaty or 1SSO In Its I general terms applied alike to the White Rivers Riv-ers and the Uncompahgres but the opportunities op-portunities afforded tho former wore incalculably greater for they had a productive soil and later tho facilities Leland Is the seat of the Ouray Indian In-dian schools and Is five miles from Fort Duchesne an fifteen from Ouray agency This school was established in 1S93 tit a cost of S30000 and has an equipment sotnewhat similar to the other Here also are dwellings for the agency physician superintendent of irrigation farmer and blacksmith and this Is the base of operations oral or-al farm and djtchwork for the Un compalxgres The Government has expended ex-pended over 35000 In the construction of irrigating canals for the two agencies agen-cies and without these theio would be no crops The Uintah reservation has 13000 t acres under fence and 3600 under cultivation cul-tivation the Uncompahgres SOOO acres I under fence and 6000 cultivated The Uintah is yet intact and wl1rt remains of the Uncompahgre is west of the Green rived and but a small part of the whole Thousands of acres on the former can be readily cultivated by the construction of additional ditches and laterals from existing ones MINERALS MONEY ROCK Money rock Is what tho Ute Is building on The white man who leaves the public highway or is found In unfrequented un-frequented places on their domain becomes be-comes tho subject of suspicion for the t Ute fear he is i searching for money rock and may carry a sackfull away with him That precious metals lie hidden in these mountains Is i exceedingly exceed-ingly doubtful but he deposits of gil sonite and asphaltum pitch In various forms are unlimited Immeasurable Almost fabulous roponts are being made by those who have examined the gllsonlte deposits on that part of the Uneompalhgro reservation throwi open and which the Government reserved re-served Developed mines have been worked for some years near Fort Du chesne and every day in the year freighters may be seen hauling the product pro-duct 100 miles lo rallroajl and bring I ing back goods for the fOo thl postanct Ashley valley An Eastern company has a lease on lands on the Uintah reservation reserva-tion andj has been mining elatcrlte minerI wax etc I PRESSURE BECOMING INTENSE Tho pressure is becoming Irresistible to Investigate these various deposits and in the near future come method will cerUiinly bo devised by which they will be made available without S detriment to the Indians and we hope greatly to their profit Coal Is now mined on the UJntan reservation and the indications are I that further development will reveal natures generous store The stove by whIch the writer sits this cold Decent bcr morning with the thermometer b6low zero at early dawn Is healed by this coal and the room IGxlB lo 1 very > comfortable > 1 oil is not to ho one of the factors of materia wealth to the Utes some weaIh day then 1 signs are disappointing And so with the immense deposits of gllsonlte elaterlte woemelltc mineral I wax the finest asphaltum probably in 1 the world the Ulntahs and Whitc Rivers Riv-ers may eventually be able to keep I the wolf from the wickiup but we h b to remind the Honorable Commls loner of Indian Affalrn that a breakfast promised in the future will not satisfy tho hunger of today THE POOR UNCOMPAHGRES But It stirs any sympathetic nature to contemplate the fiflure of the Un ompahgros They are the most Intellectual l Intel-lectual of nil Charley Shavanaux fg I an ideal chief and educates his children and sets a good example to his tribe But hero they are S20 of them the principal part of their reservation taken from them and not 0 dollar paid in remuneration for H the beds of mineral deposits that might have yielded much toward a support gone back to the Government no grass money because they have no valuable range their agricultural lands very limited in quantity no limber to speak of hunting played out no money to employ em-ploy counsel to recover what has disappeared dis-appeared Can you dear reader prescribe pre-scribe for this particular band of unfortunate un-fortunate Utcs I Much sentimentality has been displayed I pla ecln print and manifested In discussions dis-cussions of ithe Indian question but the sympathy of those who labor jirnorig the Utes cannot be restrained and her the crisis comes there will I Sfl I I I S S 5 f 4i q 4 S L c f I 1rt i 1 4 I lpt2 I c PS r s S I S S 1i r 5 jP S S S S 5 S S S 1 5 Ute Bridal Party not be found wanting the compassionate compassion-ate consideration of the American pep pieAll l recommendations looking to a discontinuance dis-continuance of supplies should begin in their operations with Indians whose opportunities fOI support are apparent but should never apply to those less favored until the Government has put within their reach some means of subsistence sub-sistence Here arc Indians without lands to till those having allowances have too much nnd there should be some adjustment before any stringent measures are adopted The livestock industry is ithe best way out for the Utcs but they must be brought to see that fact and helped In procuring cattle I cat-tle and sheep and taught how to care for them As rom time immemorial the measure of an Indians influence and wealth was graduated by the number num-ber of his ponies the present generation genera-tion has not outgrown this method of acquiring elmaJtion in the tribe This must be broken up and cattle substituted substi-tuted for the ponies from which they receive no Income save from trades for goods with other tribes gocs PROGRESSION VERY APPARENT The most of the Utes now wear citi zen s dress some of them cut their hall and many of them can converse In English They have learned lessons In cleanliness and home life and it lo only exceptional ones thatnow grade don to verify the disgusting descrip tions of long ago You no longer see a Ute walking in advance carrying his dignity and his squaw followlngcarry Ins all their belongings Thu ffovage qtate has gone forQver ajcI Indolence a settled dislike of effort is advocated by only n few who fear that if by work they be t 0me selfsupporting l rations would be cut off They no more V allow naked In December snow By thinking on fantastic summers heat But you now see them ride side by side and sharing each others burdens The dignity of idleness is giving way to the supremacy ot labor and many of them volunteer to worlc and todo the hardest too 17 ditch work The young men who have passed through the schools gle the best satisfaction because they have learned how and work more intelllgcntlj I must not h imagined that posi tons on these reservations require but little service on the contrary i is I hard work and much expOSure both winter and summer and the present agent is endowed wltn the peculiar faculty of keeping all hands at work even the superintendents in the various vari-ous departments do not escape When Irregular employees are needed In dians are given the preference THE EMPLOYEES Time will not admit of mor than a mere reference to tho professional men and agency employees So pleasant pleas-ant have been our associations and so full of good cheer even In the toughest tough-est experiences away from the com fort of the home circle and the warmth of a grateful fire that we are tempted to relate some of the incidents of the past and tell in a whisper what tho lunch box is unable to disclose But we must forbear and proceed to call the roll cal At White Rocks the genial D S Miller is the competent financial clerk Doctor II B Lloyd Is the capable agency physician DI Frost super intendent of Irrigation Is qualified quollec theoretically and practically L IJ Mitchell the farmer can run a seeder set a power or hurry pel hUI up an Indian to teat the band George Dixon the engineer and machinist Is the man who male the spindles whirl and no one would be missed more than George The carpenter Is Samuel Mc Afee He has the push to get there always al-ways on time John Otterstedt the in dustrious blacksmith is at the top In his trade R S McKinney another farmer Is careful and n practical man K T Schoewe is the agency butcher tqlCl and an export in that line Thc new Issue cleric Is i a Carlisle Indian boy Bean Neal and son John bulltthe new office amid will mow erect three dwell ings and a stable for which appropriations appropria-tions have been made pproi At the school F O Hughes controls S with n level head and steady hand < We have not space to enumerate his force of faithful helpers At Ourav subagency J A Robb an Indian of the Sioux tribe Is the cleric in charge Ills years In the service have made him an authority in all the details of office work William Stark Issue cleric and carpcntor has been herb for yeary and knows his Indians U t the very lat man W D Evans blacksmith Is I a skilful mechanic and the Utes abiding n abid-ing friend The Ouray school runs like n clock and the scholarly superintendent lo John M 1 Commons He has n Httlo co erie of nselslanlo ihat look happy around the table in the cosy mess room Here is the agency physician Dr S A Tate successful in practice and kind to all He nevertheless has to yield occasionally to Importunities for the medicine man who Ismail powerful In howling away the spirit of evil S The superintendent of Irrigation io W S i Smith who succeeds John Mc Andrcws an old timer on the reservation reserva-tion Hugh Owens the farmer has Levi superiors anywhere in his line of work E F Addis another farmer pnd2 good one too has headquarters pn the Duchesne river at the brjdge J Here also io Posttrader H G Clark I with the patronage of both Indians and freighters The two posttraders at White Rocks are Frank Q Boan and Judge Card well assisted by Mr Forsythe At Ouray the ponttrader Is L AY Curry and the l clrk R E Waugh Thpy have beer on the reservation a number of years nnd talk the Uto language perfectly They aie courteous gentlemen gentle-men and It will pay to make a trip of a hundred miles to spend a day with them S Near the Ouray school io I tho Episcopal Episco-pal church parsonage and hospital Rev M J Horsey Is I the missionary efficiently aided by bin excellent wife Mss Curler of the same church Is located lo-cated at White Rocks and is much appreciated as teacher and expert nurse The mind and heart and hand that devise direct and smooth out the wrinkles for all these people and tho faithful school Core not here enumerated enume-rated and for 1700 Utes beside belong to the man at Whit Rocks whose humaneness hu-maneness grnnness courage and aggressive ag-gressive energy blend In making a model Indian agent And MaJ H P Myton will remembered as an agent who brought things to pass Many things piers upon us for mcn lon in tills article Chief Tabby of the Ulntahs Is a veneiablc Indian totally to-tally blind and much beloved by his tribe Sossauocket Is chief of the White Rivers and Charley Shaanaux chief of the Uncompahgres as before stated He Is a nephew of Chief Ouray and has a trace of Apache blood In his veins a have some other of the Utea here Ourajs mother was an Apache his father a Ute Shavanaux Alhan dna and most of the others who went to Washington in 1SSO and who signed the l treaty are yet alive MEDICINE MAN MARRIAGE ETC The medicine man draws tlc brakes on advancement generally and should be suppressed He keeps alive the superstitions of the past and these very superstitions meet us at every step In leading the Ute to the light But we should not criticise him harshly harsh-ly l until we get rid of the horror of tho fatal thirteen al the table the breaking break-Ing of a mirror In the home the moving mov-ing of the family cat with the flitting or carrying the new babe to the attic before taking It to the basement As to marriages they have no ceremony cere-mony but mate like birds and early In life Polygamy exists to some ex lent nnd children are welcomed Into the world for the more children the more rations and annuity money In the home There are no dvorces but when serious trouble arises they sepaiato and pioceed to catch em another partner A pieposseasint Ute had recently re-cently live 1 squaws In one year one at a time and wound up at the end oC the year with the one abandoned at the beginning In 1SS3 Agent Davis at White Rocks in his annual report says of the Ute a Uintah They love gambling and horse racing but they are honest and virtuous Nearly half of them belong to the Mormon church I was not likely from any special piety of the Indians In-dians that they joined the church They have no written language books papers or llleralure of any description de-scription but spend hours with manifest mani-fest Interest In looking at pictures and especially take great interest in the photographs of Indians of other tribes The department at Washington la looking to see the end of the Indian problem and the course now lo be pursued may be the right one but we cannot bring ourselves to believe that these Utes vlll In n hundred years lose themselves by a promiscuous jmingllng with the whites We have not been able In three hundred years to bring the Indian on a level with AngloSaxon civilization Better give him as tutor The man behind the hoe to help him make the most of life Just where he Is give him lots of these men lo leach him thc arts of husbandry hus-bandry and tho best methods of Irrigation gatQnTHE THE UTE A PURE TYPE The Utes of Utah are typical Indians There is probably not a purer type t of the Ameiican Indian now existing They arc honest and virtuous very free from licentiousness and squaw men The are humane and kind Mo ono another and love their children and never abuse them by punishing aa white people do I they seem to USa US-a peculiar people they nevertheless can teach un many a letson in keeping promises and in honesty in general I the Utes have had an eent ulv past they have a future as uncertain as a pednnllcs midnight dreams The Illumination lumination of an untutored mind dispels dis-pels savage Instincts hut never effaces ef-faces the recollection of the wrongs of the past or gives undoubted assurance of security for the future Confidence Is the basic rock on which any man of any color builds Blighted hopes beget only caution and timidity or a conservatism too lifeless to protect pro-tect or execute anything meritorious or permanent The Utes are not exceptional excep-tional Indians They me neither ho best nor the worsl but living in tho seclusion o their rugged lescrvallon unable to give a guess us to what Washington may do next their fuluro Is I pioblemallcal rather than rosy and assured assurcq WILLIAM T SMITH Indian Service |