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Show I r greater tlir noise .and confuslen VETER HIE GREAT'S CUT the the more bt applauded I tie. roUieier. : tttttttttt Jt&dc &p Exploits of Czar Who Changed Russia's Capital. ! tttttttttt YORK and 8t. Patera-bur- g celebrated tbelr birth Each lo day recently, commemorating iti fotfbda-tloi- j recalled the name of a Oue was Peter Peter- Uluyveiwnt, the other Peter the Great. The commercial capital of the America looked back oyer It 230 fear of arunllpal life and rejoiced In Ua rise from a group of hut with a atuckade to the second city in the world. The Imperial capital of the Rasslaa exulted In lb fact that It waa not only the youngest of European capitals, but lialf a century younger than Ita American rival, and retold Its two centuries of warfare against flood, pestilence and Insurrection, la the transformation of (he bogs of the Itlver Neva to a city of pataces and catbedrala with a population of 1,500,000, The remarkable origin of St. Petersburg lias caused a revival of International Interest In the still more remarkable character tf Its founder. Statesmen of foreign nations who are watching Russia just now with particular anxiety have paused In their reading of dispatches from Klsblneff, Port Arthur and Hofla to consider the kind of man who first roused Knssla from Its ancient OrientaMsm,- - who first organised Its army, built Ita first ships and who started the Slav on hla career of expansion from the Baltic to the Pacific and from the Arctic to the tropica. Such a backward view of the life of Peter the Great reflects a strange combination of traits which at first seem a medley. Ills great deeds, which ao clearly Illustrate the persevetsnee, the courage, tbe smbitlon and the will power of the Russian, are Intermingled Wilh strange, almost freakish escapades, For example, thia monarch would 'devoid bit attention at one time to the building of a cathedral; on another occasion he would set up a fool for Patriarch, fill him with wine, and kben cause the drunkeu wretch to be nrrldJn high stated- - Modern Russians, however, are frank In relating both the noble ami the grotesque acta of their, great Cxar ag lull! lea tiv of the straggle of the Slav from barbarism to the civilization of present time. It wa In Peter the (hq that the forces of light and dark-Ae- a met and battled. Now the one, fiow the other, conquered. Those who are so intently studying (he Russian of the twentieth century eoause of hla tremendous Influence in the worlds politics find a peculiar significance in the wild elde of Peter's character. Even at the present tVrof the question la asked; la Russia atUl barbaric! What will she do next! A omparison of the savage re ter with y ahowa how far Ihe Russian of In these two hundred-year- s the Rue-fla- n mind baa softened, and thus fore-- p hadows to a certain degree Its future development. I The taie told of Peter almond with many madcap exploits, which jnore Went writers have proved absurd, among the stories. however, which iave not met with positive contradiction there are many which would perm to belong more to fiction than htKtory. , For example, It is related during the earliest days of St. Vtemimrg the Inhabitants revolted hgalnat living there any longer. In Ihe first year one huudred thousand bad died from pestilence and flood. fTbe street and floors of the houses were so near the water's edge that fever ravaged the community, and (the bitter cold of winter, when the temperature frequently sank to forty degrees below aero, froze to death jmany a hardy Cossack who had been compelled to settle there. Accordingly Ihe people sought the priests to Intercede for them and secure their departure from the hated town, j The Oxar waa living there at the time In a wooden hut, which la still preserved, but the priest waited until Jcier waa out of town. Then they galled t heattentlon of thrTOuTtttude lo'an Image of the Blessed Virgin, Which was weeping copiously. "Our Blessed Lady weep for. the hlckneaa and death which afflict us. She bids ns flee this valley of Borrow," paid the priests. left-- In i. The. community bad-beejrhsrge of Count Galofkln, and tbt Count, In alarm, (aent posthaste for bis master. There was no time lost Peter was back before he waa expected. As soon as be saw the weeptug Image he tore off the back of Its head a Cud discovered hollow filled with o!I, kept trickling out through the -- to-da- n- fye s. That Ihe way your priests make fools of yon. cried the Cxar. and pickling up the Image he took it home with btrajto add to hla collection of curios. first building, however, which fhe erected in the city after the fort church, . At a alate dinner Peter was. wont to encourage drinking and scuffling, as be said It promoted good fellowship.-Fo- r this purpose he saw that the tables Were never furnished with enough chairs to go around. Accordingly, the pinner started off with a free fight for peats, Those who failed to find seats (Were Compelled either to sit on the or go without food. Neither were floor enough napkins, and after the guests who obtained chairs were seated they began another baffle. .In the game way there was always an jn sufficient number hf dishes .and knives, o that many of the guests were compelled to divide a dish or an eating utensil between them, to the drrisldn of their more fortunate fellows. The Czar cheered on the combatants, and s 'ere. On returning from England Peter waa struck with tbe absurdity of the ancient costume of hla couutrymen which they had Inherited from their former master, the Tartars. Accordingly he began a crusade against the great long coat and baggy tronseis, which he said prevented the Russian from keeping up with their Western neighbors. Hla ministers and courtiers Such a reform were thunderstruck. wa not only revolutionary, they said, but would destroy the nation utterly. The Russians would have their coattails dragging on tbe ground v,r they would perish. "You will cut off your coattails or Ill cut off your heads!" shouted Peter In a passion. The courtier finally decided that their beads were of more consequence and sullenly obeyed. The coattails came off. Then the royal ordered the beard off. Tills waa heaping Injury on insult. "What was more beautiful than a heard reaching to tbe waist and covering the chest like a shawl? asked Ihe noble boyar. An Insurrection waa s Imminent. So Peter changed hla slightly. but at the same time executed a neat business coup by taxing every long beard on a noble $100. and that, of the peasantry a certata small sum every tfme they passed tbe city gates. At first the revenue was a handsome one, but slowly tbe ivearda came off "Fools, said Peter as th tax dwindled away. They had Tatber have their beards pulled out balr by hair than shave them off 11 at once." Flnatly there were only two long eter beards left at the court, and caught these transgressor one day and shaved them himself before a court filled with guests and ambassadors. er lac-tic- I ei : imrln'i Newest Vert. Uncle Sam moves so quietly and swlftlytlmt very few people wontd Ue aware of the work going on at tbe new fortifications If It were not for the newspapers. For tbe past two year at Cushing's and at Great Diamond Islands two rf the most modern and strongest forts on tbe Atlantic seaboard have been In process of construction.. They are tae result of the highest engineering skill In the land. The fortifications embody tbe latest and most approved point In military construction and both lortsmount batteries of the largest gnus In the world. When completes Portland will be the most strongly fortified port In America, and as a strategic' point one of the. most Important In- - .In. country. I on (Me. I JournaL" , Things Quaint and Gurious Gathered Here and There bc-fo- re " EVV V To eath guest was givens great tup of brandy, and tld fiery potion ws followed by goblets of tokay w ne. Consequently, the griatrr port lots or the assemblage became befuddled served. even the soup . wa Throughout the meat gnat bumpers of dark liter were passed around, an I Peter, sitting at the bend of the table of honor, surrounded nub enrpeuter. slioul.it shipwrights amt met lianlt-to the arnators and foreign amba.sa-dor- r at altered pellmcll around (be other tables "Drink btarty! Drink heavy! Drink It all!" At such dinners the Osar often plated practical jokes on bis guests vtbhk would hardly be cousldeted good etiquette at the preseut time. For example, be would bate bis cooks put mice In tbe soup, so that the animals Would not tie found until tbe banqueters had almost drained the tureen. Again the Cxar would annottuee aMer a course had been eaten that tbe meat waa that of a raven or wolf. Other dinners, according to some historians, were made occasion for the slangbterof crlmlualsortraitois. When Peter was In Holland working as a Zaandnm shipwright so that be might learn tbe shipwrights art aud Introduce It Into Russia, be leaned that a rebellion bad broken out amoug the 8 trellises, or imperial bodygiisid. Quickly returning home, he put down the Insurrection, and then ordered a great dinner to be held to commemorate bla victory. To those who had been faithful to him In his absence he The twenty offered rich rewards. leaders of tbe rebels, however, were led Into tbe banquet hall and executed before the guests. Peter la said lo have acted as executioner himself, and after each toast he would quaff a glass of wine and then strike off tbe head of a Btrelit. The other Insumctlon-tst- s were put to death on the wheel or by tbe axe, and their beads were transfixed on pikes along the streets. Peter's sojourn In Holland in the guise of a shipbuilder and bis visit to England to study the wharves and commercial life of London weie filled with startling Incident in keeping with tbe kind of man he was. Boon after Ids arrival at Zaatidam crowds began to lieslege his bumble apartments to see blm. Crowds always provoked Peter, and at tbls time he went lnt-fit, t) did at time of a high nervous tension. The sight of the young man writhing on the floor drove off tbe curloua throng In a panic, bnt it did not discompose Ida own attendant. In London the Czar encountered auch crowd that on one occasion when a porter carrying a bod pushed blm clear off the sidewalk he Immediately palled up his sleeve for a fight. The Marquis of Carmarthen waa with blm, and tbe English lord exclaimed; "Look here, you hind! Do yon know whom you have Insulted? This man here la th Ca of Rusala." But the porter did not recoil. Instead he threw out hla chest and remarked blandly: "Cxar, heh? Well, were ball cxar I A AELIC OF ROMAN GREATNESS BIRDS TO FIGHT CODLIN Aqusduct Which Still Endurea after ti Flight of Many Certuriea, Scattered about in various part of Eur& wherever Roman once held sway', are the remains of aqueducts once huge and massive and even yet picturesque In their shattered great-oestheir waterless chancels mutely suggestive of a more glorious past. Among these the me st ce'ebrated la the great aqueduct of Pont du Card, near Nlsmes, In the south of France, which waa designed to convey to that town tho waters of the fountain of Aure. It crosses the beautiful valley from point to point of tbe high hills on either side, spanning tbe river Gardon s; Roman Aqueduct of Pont Du Gard. In Ita course. As may be seen by tb Illustration It consists of three tiers MOTH. Department of Agriculture Will E periment in California Orchards. Now it is the birds that are to help a the destruction of the codlln moth that little Insect that la doing so ouch harm to tbe apple orchard of California. At Watsonville the ornithological department qf the United States department of agriculture is working In conjunction with the university of California to exterminate tbe moth, and just now they are Installing a lot of bird cages as part of the work. These cages, of which there are to be twelve, will be large enough to envelop a fruit tree. Into them It is purposed to put thirty variety of California birds, Including canaries, blue-jt- )' and linnets, and then to watch them closely to discover upon which they feast most. At certain times the birds will be killed and their stomachs scrutinized In thig way it by th ornithologists. can be determined accurately what the proportion of fruit the birds eat to to tbe Insects they consume. And then from this it will be determined what birds are most destructive to the codlln moth and tbe other destroyers of plant life. If the experimenter are lucky enough to find a bird that makes the cadUn moth Its prey, that species will b propagated in large numbers and distributed over the state. It Is thought they can be kept In the orchards by attractive baits. New York Herald. NOVEL TRAP FOR FLIES- - In Getting Rid of the Household Pesta la the accompanying picture la shown a curious device for catching flies, which has just been invented and which H said to work admirably by thoae who have tested it. Ita principal part Is a vessel which Is Intended ' to' hold paste anj the sldea of which are provided with longitudinal slots. Over the open part of the vessel is a cover and through the slots a cord runs The open end of the slots can also be covered and attached to the vessel is a flexible V.4 successful of arches, the lower of which are of wire, which is bent In such a manner that It holds the cover firmly in span. JTbe smaller arches supplace. The cord, when not In use port the trunk of the aqueduct, which can be wrapped around the outside was four feet wide by five feet in of the vessel, and thus In winter, depth, and at an elevation of 150 feet when It Is not needed, the trap ocabove the river's bed. Tbls was lined with a coating of cement and red clay, cupies very little room. "Lady Chimney Sweeps. but otherwise the massive atone work Flies, when they get near the paste For startling innovations, especially waa built without mortar of any kind. la the womans sphere of activity, ir this vessel, are in a sore predicaExcept for the dilapidation of the Russia runs America very hard. Tbe ment; Indeed, so many are the ob stacles in their way, it Is difficult to see how any of them cm escape. GREAT MASTERPIECE IS VANISHING. New York Herald. 80-fo- Remarkable Lake. There is a lake on KUdin island, pear the coast of Russian Lapland, which Is composed of both salt and fresh water. The Island Is a palaeozoic rock, separated from the granite Continent? by an arm of the-'seand upon It is a lake which seems to be entirely shut oft from the sea by a strip of land; but there must be some subterranean communication, for the tides of the sea are noticed In the lake, though in much diminished efK Tbe great mural painting, The a few shadowy outlines remain, and Last Supper," by Leonardo da Vinci, In a short while the masterpiece of fect The lake contains three different In the refectory of the convent Delle tho fifteenth century will exist only kinds of water. On the surface It Is Qratle In Milan, la fading away. Only In the cople. fresh water, coming from a few brooks and from the rainfall; lower extremities this splendid structure la latest move in this direction 1$ chron- down It Is salt water, and at the botyet In a very good state of preserva- icled In the 8L Petersburg Press. tom seawater mixed with sulphurtion. A contemplation of Ita The daring innovator Is the widow of ous hydrogen gas. The lake contains solidity leads one to a ques-o- a chimney sweep who died recently, fresh water fish on and near the surof all absorbing interest. Had leaving half a dozen olive branches, face, and salt water fish beneath. Rome bnt founded her empire with a all of them girls. Necessity, which Is like regard for solidity and endurance, th mother of invention, has now InHooping the Hoop. what would be tb condition of tbe spired this thoughtful woman to take A novelty in Paris Ib the hooping civilized world to her husbands calling, and in order the hoop by a woman In a motor time-endurin- g n FIsHery- - Famous English Caricaturist Not Expected to Recover. Phil May, who is so til at his home in London that his recovery Is not expected. is among he best known caricaturists in England. On Punch he practically succeeded to the position left vacant by the death of George du Maurier Ills work differs widely, however, from that of his predecessor, Du Maurier chose his subjects almost exclusively from supposed happenings in the society world May delights to depict scenes In the slums. Du Maurier sought for beauty In his work. May is the exponent simply of the funny. Exaggeration Is his strength. He makes no pretense at fineness of finish, but prides himself rather on producing the desired effect with the fewest possible lines. He started life theatrical troupe. In it; a traveling which be not only played occasional small parts, but painted the scenery and sometimes the posters PROPHECY THAT WENT WRONG. Blaine Unable to See Political Future for Roosevelt. Someone in Maine has dug up a story of the Republican national convention in 1884, when Blaine was nominated:, When the convention was In full blast a number of friends were with Mr. Blaine, helping to interpret messages that came over the wire. When news came of Theodore Roosevelt brief address the plumed Knight" turned to his friends and said: That fellow Roosevelt Is a spoiled boy. He Is trying to make capital out of abusing me, but he will not amount to anything. I have watched public men all my life and I hare never d known anyone who was o succeed. Roosevelt will spend hla ifen fighting the Inevitable. The rarrator points out that what the Blaine failed to get has been von by tbe Roosevelt Chicago Chronicle. near-sighte- far--eein- near-sighte- d to-da- Ashes of th to do the thing thoroughly while she Is about It, she means to form a whole guild of female sweeps, if the police grant tbe needed permission. By way of assistants, or, as Lamb termed Dead. them, unfledged practitioners, she professeea to train up girls between the ages of 8 and 12, while the full blown members of the guild would Include girls and women from 14 to 35. The first appearance of these novel sweeps Is fixed for August Dally Telegraph. car. The principal difference between this entertainment and other centrifugal force exhibitions which have preceded it lies In the fact that the car completes a perfect circle, instead of running round a twisted loop. The BUT 8HORT TIME IN OFFICE. Chief Youngson of Locomotive Engineers Succumbs to Long Illness. A B. Youngson, who succeeded to the grand chieftainship of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers on the death of Chief P. M. Arthur, died at Meadvllle, Pa., July, 30. Before hla death Chief Youngson named M. H. Shay of Youngstown, O., as his successor, to act in case of his death. Shay r lr-Londo- n Has Educated Rooster. Harry F. Edsall of Hammonton, N. J., has what he thinks Is the only educated rooster in New Jersey. George is his name and he Is of the Barred Plymouth Rock strain. The rooster will come at the call of his nam- - from any one of the family as far as he can bear them call. He also sits upon their laps and crows as many time as asked. George is of a very jealous nature and does not like any member of the family to pay attention to th other fowls. If . Mr. Edsall picks up another chick George la ready to Mart n pttch-battcar runs down a track fifty-eigfeet In length and. having traveled round Redmond Refused a Crown. the hoop, la switched on to the run William Redmond, M. P., love to ont How th urns containing the ashes track, and Is brought up by a net of those cremated are kept in the toll bow ho once refused a crown. It within forty feet of the exit crematory at Philadelphia. Tablets was daring his youth, when traveling bearing an inscription are usually for sport In Africa. He fell into the Lightning la Burglars Undoing. bands of King Ja Ja. who took auch a A burglar undertook a job at Anplaced over each opening. fancy to him that he offered to make drews Center, Penn, during a thunWillie" Redmond his prime min la tor derstorm and was detected Cat's Remarkable Feat. by the A grocer in Syracuse gave a brewer and heir apparent aid of a flash of lightning. an old cat and four kittens a day old. Tbe brewer locked them up in his EVOLUTION OF THE FAN. brewery for tbe night When th grocer came downstairs tbe next morning he found tbe cat and her four kittens asleep on the doorstep, The brewery was Tour miles away, and the kittens too young to walk more than a few ateps, so the old cat had carried each one In her mouth four miles. i. - la chairman of the committee of ad- justment In the brotherhood on the Erie and one of the most capable men In the order. Macaroni Made in Germany. Is becoming a great rival of Italy In the manufacture of macaroni, the Germans claiming cleanliness and nutritive value as the h chief recommendations for the article. Formerly Italys climate, facilities cheap wheat and aided the Italian manufacturer, hut iuperior labor-savinmachinery has brought tbe Biebrich article a great competing trade. Blebrich-on-the-Rhln- e Ble-bric- Healthy Kentucky Family. A healthy family Is that of Lew! and Virginia Green of Bell county, Kentucky. He Is 93 and she fe one year younger. They were married seventy-three years ago. and still occupy tb house they went to as bride and groom. They have ten children, the youngest of whom la 43 year of axe. There baa never been a death in the little sickness. family and very r-- g g 1 Would Not Play Brewers. Wts.. baseball clnh. composed entirely of pastors, has to accept a 'challenge from tbs brewers baseball club, feeling that tbs 1. Egyptian; 2 and 3 East Indian; century; 9, feather fan; 10, sixteenth object of the challenge was to embar- I. Mexican; 5 ancient Greek; 6, century; II, empire; 12, 13, rass th members T. fifteenth century; 8, sixteenth pocket fan. r A La Create. to-fus- Flattery- - sometimes make friend and sometimes It breaks them. Philadelphia Record. PHIL MAY SERIOUSLY ILL. ChJ-res- to-da- May Ba President of College. Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr., secretary to the Yale corporation and assistant rector of St. Pauls Episcopal church, Hartford, Conn whols being discussed as the possible successor to President Smith of Trinity college in Hartford, is one of Ce most popular members of the university set and one of the most va'ued members of the executi1 department of Yale. Cf |
