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Show ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION SUFFERS GREATLY ON THE DESERT T f t tH wit Uf THRILLING TALE TOLD OF TRIP ACROSS MONUMENT VALLEY SCENES TAKEN ON TOUR AND THE MEMBERS OF THE PARTY. fl S? r "T3NSS yWT j PP - V '"t 1 E v-' - j " : " One of the recently dfeeoverea hriJjfe ofcSoitthcrti Utah too swollen to permit of much talk, but there was rtjoifting just the game. The men wpto pxhansteci. and in the shade of a friendly cliff took the rest ot which they were so murh in need. For twenty-four hours they scarcely moved except to prepare their m eager mealc. The following morning an Indian came upon the temporary -amp hv the spring, and the explorers dikred with him to go into the desert and bring their supplies to the park. The Indian had a camp in the edge of Monument park a mile or so away and ahout a mile nearer the point where the sup plies had been left. At his camp WU a big spring, about which I'rofesor Otimmings knew nothing. . Au agreement agree-ment wan finally reached with thp Indian, In-dian, but when he failed to return the following morning the explorers decided de-cided to walk to their supplies and bring them in on their .backs in packages pack-ages as large as they could handle safely. safe-ly. So they arose with the sun and trekked across the pand, and wit-tin a few hundred yards of the supplies stood the horses they had abandoned two days before. Meeting a Happy One. The horses had found water, and after drinking their fill had evidently returned to look for tbeir masters. It was a happy meeting. The animals were loaded up and the .ion me v into Monument park was completed without further mishap. It developed later that the friendly Indian knew of the whereabouts where-abouts of the horses, but had KVP the information to himself in order that he might get the job of moving the supplies. sup-plies. The Indian and the white men became be-came very friendly, and as the party j expected to remain in the park several j days to continue some investigations and make pictures of bridges discovered last year, the camp of the explorers was moved to the spring near the Indian In-dian '3 camp. Nothing of importance was discovered in Monument pnrk. although al-though one or two small bridges were found. However, photographs were made of bridges found last year and of some of the most remarkable of the natural scenery. Aim of Expedition. The chief aim of the expedition was to continue the work in the Nitsie canyons can-yons south of Navajo mountain, in northern Arizona near the Utah border. bor-der. The last ten days of the work of the W4 TTnl versify of Utah expedition expedi-tion consisted in exploring the Nitsie canyons, locating ruins of the cliff dwellers' habitations and mapping out th work for 1916. The party pitched camp in Chilchintaboko, one of the branches of the Nitsie, and excavated and studied all the ruins of that branch. Eight ruins, varying in size Horses Give Out and Water Evaporates in Middle of Sandy Waste. NEAR half a century ago Mark Twain staged his way across the country and drew some pen pictures pic-tures of the west which that section sec-tion has found difficulty in living down in the minds of the people of the world at large. Some two or three years ago Irvin Cobb rolled through the west on the cushions of a Pullman palace car and saw the modern west saw the west as all westerners would like it to be seen. But the west of Mark Twain 's time has not entirely disappeared. Ample proof that Cobb's view of the west might be tempered with some early-dav conditions is furnished by the experiences experi-ences of two Salt Lakers wlio were members mem-bers of the University of Arizona archaeological expedition of 1915. They experienced all the thrills and suffering suffer-ing of being stranded on the desert without with-out water, of being surrounded by unfriendly un-friendly redskins and the hardships incident in-cident to picking their way through a rough and unexplored country to the habitations of an ancient people. Salt Lakers in Party. With Professor Byron Cummings. C. E. Puxviance, a teacher in the Granite high school, and Wallace. Grace, a senior at the University of Utah, formed the nucleus of the party which conducted the archaeological reasearch work for the University of Arizona this year. The remainder of the party was composed of friendly Indians employed to assist in the heavier work. The Salt Lakers returned re-turned home about a week ago, but Professor Pro-fessor Cumrnings will remain m the field until about the middle of September, when he will go to Tucson to take up his duties as head of the school of archaeology of the University of Arizona. Ari-zona. Everv year, with one exoeption, since 1906, Professor Cummings has headed archaeological expeditions into southern Utah and northern Arizona for the University Uni-versity of Utah. He was to have conducted con-ducted another expedition for the institution in-stitution during the past summer, but aftet his resignation from the faculty he was engaged to head an expedition for the University of Arizona. He spent the month of .Tune in the University Uni-versity of Utah museum endeavoring to complete a catalogue of the articles in the museum, so as to leave as much information in-formation as possible regarding the collection. col-lection. The party left Salt Lake July 11 and consumed almost a week in reaching the sense." He insisted that he be called "Mr. Jones, inasmuch as the government govern-ment had one time employed nim in some minor capacity un-ier' that -name. After settling the differences with the hoBtile N'nvaiop the explorers had no further trouble with the Indians. Expedition Successful. From the standpoint of material obtained, ob-tained, Professor Cummings considered the expedition one of the most successful success-ful ever undertaken under his direction. Although the party was small and was in the field only a short time, four fine ollas. or water jnrs, many excellent wooden implements, fine baskets, two finely-woven cotton robes, nearly complete, com-plete, a piece of elaborately embroidered embroi-dered cotton cloth and a pair of moccasins moc-casins with soles of plaited yucca and feet and legs of cotton cord wound with goat 's nair and kuitted in a loose mesh, are included among the more important im-portant articles recovered and -will as gist materially in starting the collection of cliff dwellers ' relics for the University Uni-versity of Arizona museum. The great variety and excellent workmanship work-manship of the utensils and ornaments found in the villages of Chilchinta are taken to indicate that the ancient residents resi-dents of the district were patiently industrious in-dustrious and vary skillful, and point to them as being the more immediate ancestors of the Vlopi tribe. Professor Cummings remained on the reservation to follow up some uncompleted uncom-pleted work in the Sagi canyons and expects later to return to the Nitsie district to work out another canyon. He will report at the University of Arizona prnbnhlv about the middle of this month. southern part of Utah. At. Bluff sii horses were obtained three saddle horses aud three pack animals. The party set out from Bluff July IS and camped that night on the baajts of the San Juan river. The next morning the trip across Monument valley the greater part of which is a sandy desert to Monument park, was begun. A the distance was not great, some twenty miles, the members of the party fir ried but two one-gallon water bags filled with drinking water. They started about fi o'clock and expected to he well across the desert before the heat of the day, but the horses seemed fagged and by 9 o'clock only about five or Bix miles had been covered The heat was intense and it was deemed best to ive the animals a short rest before going further- After a reft of about an hour and a half the journey was continued, but progress was slow. To make matters worse a strong wind the night before had shafted the sand and obliterated the trail. Horses Are Exhausted. With only the sun and the compass to guide them the party plodded along through sand four or five inches deep until noon. Then came the calamity. The borsPB were completely exhausted and refused to move further without, rest, and to make matters as bad as could be imagined it was found that the intense heat had evaporated every drop of wa ter in the water bags. Professor Cummings was fairly fa miliar with the country and to his knowledge the nearest point where water wa-ter could be obtained was at a spring in Monument park or the San Juan river. Both were about equally distant, dis-tant, as the party had covered only about half the distance from the river to the park in the time thev had expected ex-pected to consume in making the en tire trip. Frequent Risks Taken. With tongues and throats parched with thirst, the members of the party took rest when the horses would go no longer. After a delay of another hour or more the horses indicated a willingness willing-ness to move, and the caravan proceeded, proceed-ed, the men on foot to relieve the tired beasts as much as possible. The hot sand burned through the heavy soles of the boots worn by the members of the party, and blistered feet added to other troubles. Frequest rests were taken in the broiling sun, as there was not the slightest hint of shade other than the shadows cast by the weary travelers. Just as the sun neared the western horizon the horses gave out and lay down in the sand. No amount of coaxing coax-ing after a long rest caused the animals ani-mals to budge from their reclining position. po-sition. The explorers gave up all nope of going farther that night, and the packs and saddles were piled on the sand and the horses turned loose to search for water for themselves. Suffering Is Intense. By this time the suffering from thirst had become unbearable. The men went through their stock of supplies and found a number of cans of condensed milk and a small bottle of brandy. By mixing the two they managed to relieve re-lieve the suffering slightly, and after eating a meager meal they stretched out on the sand for the night. But sleep came slowly. The parched throats and blistered feet and the thoughts of being lost on the desert were not conducive con-ducive to quiet and peaceful rest. Only weariness and utter exhaustion finally brought slumber along toward morn ing. 1 . With the first faint glint of the morning sun on the sky the explorers arose. They partook of a light break fast and, discarding everything but a frying pan, a small piece of bacon and several cans of condensed milk, set out on foot about 5 o'clock for Monument park. During the night the horses had revived sufficiently to begin a search for water on their own account, and had disappeared. Water Finally Reached. Five hours of painful toil through about four miles of heavy sand, brougnt the wanderers to the edge of Monument park and the long looked-for spring. I Throats were too parched and tongues from two to ninety rooms, were explored. ex-plored. The largest ruin had undoubtedly undoubt-edly container! more than 100 room-originally, room-originally, but it was situated low down on the side of the cliff and one section seemed to have disappea red ent irely. The h ou sew of the region were well built and are characterized by the ex-tensive ex-tensive use of clay in the construction of the walls. Many of thp dividing walls especially are constructed or adobe. The wall has been laid up in sections about three inches high, five inches wide and two feet long by bed-d bed-d i g grasf in clav and plastering it monthly inside ano" out with clav, thus obliterating the .joints and making a strong, solid wall that seemed to stand up as well as the rock walls. There was found an excellent, example of bricks with straw of a primitive type. Treasure Pouch Found. In excavating a very old ruin high up in a lofty cave, a treasure pouch of an ancient medicine man was found. The pouch contained two long strings of bead? and two pairs of earrings. One string of beads was made of small sea-shells sea-shells and the other of beautifully finished fin-ished agate. One pair of earrings were large circles of turquoise set with a polished red disc in the center of each turquoise. The other pair of earrings was made of polished jet. The treasure pouch, with many prayer sticks, a number of flint arrow and spear points, had been cached at the back of the cave behind a circle of large flat stones that stood erect and marked what had evidently been a sacred sa-cred ceremonial plae- Great flakes of sandstone had fallen from the roof of the cave and covered everything. Several tons of rock had to be dug out and rolled down the cliffs before the walls and forms' of the structures struc-tures that had ouce formed the homes of a small group of an ancient people could be traced. The great erosion that had taken place, the crude walls of posts, poles and flat stones or primitive primi-tive wattle work, and the pieces of pottery of cruder workmanship, indicate indi-cate that this was the habitation and ceremonial gathering place of a people who, perhaps, had passed away before most of the other villages in the canyon had been built. Complications Caused. The discovery of the treasure pouch brought about complications with a neighboring band of Indians. Three Vavajos were employed by Professor Cummings to assist in excavating the rnius. When the explorers went into the district the chief of the tribe or band in that immediate vicinity was away. His name was something that sounds like ' Pinayetten, ' ' but. the Salt Lakers declined to risk their reputations reputa-tions on spelling. It was during his absence that the beads were discovered. Immediately upon his return the Indians employed by the party carried the information to their chief, who showed up the follow-' ing day with about a dozen of his braves. Although known throughout the section as friendly disposed toward the whites, "Pinayetten" was 6urly and demanded to know what the visitors vis-itors were doing. The nature of the work was explained to him, whereupon he became very offensive and ordered the explorers out of the section. Suspected Attitude. Professor Cumminga was familiar with the Indians of that part of the country and immediately suspected that the discovery of the treasure pouch was responsible for the attitude of the chief. However, he refrained from mentioning his suspicions and showed the Indians his authority from the government to conduct research work in that section. At last ' ' Pinayetten ' 1 broached the subject of the beads and wanted to know what had become of them. He was told that they had been sent to Knyenta., whereupon he offered to let the party continue work if the beads were turned over to him. Of course. Professor Cummings declined to consider con-sider such an arrangement aiul, after further dickering and half way promising prom-ising the chief a few of the beads, won him over. The chief objected seriously to being called "Pinayetten." because in the Navajo language the words means "no |