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Show TlLJi 117 X1T7 A RFVFT A TTOXT THE EB 13 published by authority of the national di- j By I U 1 Ik g ;4H V JLjJLil. 1 1U1M rectors of the American protective league, a vast, FMFRON HOUGH N H U J i n TlKl n A rrn TrnrnT ff SILENT VOLUNTEER ARMY, ORGANIZED "YITII THE APPROVAL -- -WJ V V JL JLs IN FA 1 RIU 1 ISM AND OPERATED UNDER TIIE DIRECTION OF THE UNITED STATES . Thc CS&lZ Co. Jt g.vx DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. Ch'ico i league praet ica Uy wined out this per-n:c:c.;s per-n:c:c.;s practice putting 0:1 t lie trams A. P. I,, mo!) m uniform as soldiers. When they got off the i:r.n ami werf urns avosted by taxicab drivers, they had all the evidence which was necossa ry. T:"C taxi cab practice was seriously mi erfered with. A neighboring city was alleged to have, examined incom-ctly before its oral t board a certain young man, pi v ins? him a classification to which lie was not entitled. en-titled. Investigation was set on foot by the A. P. L., who uncovered the fact that the man's father conducted a sanitarium sani-tarium patronized by drim and liquor patients. Vie had treated several members mem-bers of the board in Ins sanitarium, and had likewise had the federal district judge as a patient, as well as several other influential citizens of the community. com-munity. Thus, having rather confidi-n-tial information. A. P." I., h-ad very little difficulty in framing up its case. Jt will, perhaps, not be necessary to fro into the usual series of narratives of interesting' in-teresting' cases in the instance of the Crescent city. The report, us outlined above, is so different in its pen era I phases from that of the average division that it may he allowed to stand, with the addition of its tabulated totals, which cover all the forms of assistance to the. government in which A. P. I-, has participated par-ticipated throughout the United States. Alien enemy activities C$2 Citizen disloyalty and sedition 1,6.6 Sabotage, bombs, dynamite, defective de-fective manufacture 2i Anti-military activity, interference with draft 3-t Propaganda word of mouth and printed l,3-fi Radical organizations T. V. W.. etc. 43 Bribery, graft, theft and embezzlement embezzle-ment Natural izut ton, impersonation, etc. . 82" Counter-espionage for military intelligence in-telligence . 2 Selective service regulations under boards 2.19t In slacker raids, estimated 20,000 Of local and district board members. 4 Work or fight order fjij-i Character and loyalty civilian applicants ap-plicants ins Applicants for commissions f7 Training camp activities Section 12 2.910 Training camp activities Section 13 LS4:i Camp desert ions HO Collection of foreign maps, etc 3,500 Counter-espionage for naval intelligence intelli-gence 0H Collection of oinoculars. etc 8 Food administration hoarding, destruction, de-struction, etc 453 fuel ad minis,! ration hoarding, destruction, de-struction, etc. ?6 i Department 01' state miscellaneous.. 7 Treasury department war risk in-. sura nre. etc 62S United States shipping board 1 Alien property custodian Miscellaneous Miscella-neous 7 Red Cross loyalty investigations.... 400 The decision to demobilize the American Ameri-can Protective league was arrived at somewhat suddenly, for reasons more or less obvjous to all members of the league. As recently as November 13, 191S, Mr. Bielaski. chief of the bureau of investigation investi-gation of the United States department of justice, wrote to Chief Weinberger,-expressing Weinberger,-expressing the assurance that the American Ameri-can Protective league by no means ought to disband, since peace, was not yet declared, de-clared, and kinee need for the league's services still existed. Tie said: ' am en( irq-y sa tisfied that the need for this orgStfli'ation will continue for smiio time to coiiie, entirely without regard to tho progress of peace negotiations. The tremendous tre-mendous machines which have been organized or-ganized by thc government for the prosecution prose-cution of this war cannot bo stopped nbruptly. and musL continue to operate for many months under any circumstances. circum-stances. Tho American Protective league has a large share of 1ho work in this country which has made possible the united support and the full success of our a rms abroad, and I am sure that your organization will .continue to play its full part until tho department. Is willing will-ing to say that it has no further need for its services." Now, a few months afler these expressions, expres-sions, the league is d iss-. ved a ml its iork declared ended. Is it ended'.' New Orleans thinks not, and points at least to one instance of civic betterment which has not yet demobilized its "A nipro-league nipro-league farm." The officials foiyid there an old sugar plantation which dated back to 1857. The old residence was built over as a modern home, equipped wilh forty windows, a dormitory with fifty beds, a room wilh six sewing machines, also ample galleries and well-fitted Kitchens. Hero the league, litis built a little community commu-nity home which it is imt yet ready to sec die. It is a homo where a n erring person is glen a ( banco to begin ov r again. And. after all, has not that hen a part of all the work of A. P. 1,. In all the country V From time to time in olhor reports we have seen it stated : "We 1 t ied to show to this or that pro-C.erman where he was wrong." "We tried in chanjo rather than to punish." "Wc endeavorrd t o improve our eit izMiship ra ' her than penalize those who had made 111 i si a ke;,. ' So, therefore, we may say that New Orleans Or-leans has added a good eh a pfr to I hn gnnd hislorv of this body of thoughtful citiy.enHit has helped make the woi Id and the country butter than it waa before. 1 captain with proper assistants, who bandied ban-died ail violations u:i.:er section 6 of thc act. A member of tins bureau was detailed de-tailed with each exemp:ion boara, and this division handled ail the draft investigations. inves-tigations. It made a great many searches of til is sort, prevented a great many evasions, and corrected many incorrect classifications. In the slacker raids which New" Orleans had in common with practically prac-tically every other big city of the country there were sometimes as many as 3c0 operatives employed, and it is estimated that more than -0j0 slacker investigations investiga-tions were made in all. New Orleans was a "wet town," in close proximity to two naval stations, three aviation fields, and two cantonments. U is easily seen what this meant in the way of activities for the A. P. L. There was a special liquor bureau, put in charge of a captain and assistants. The division chief and his aids "made an agreement with all the loca I breweries and all the wholesale and retail liquor dealers 1 hat no intoxicating liquor should be sold in bottles after 7 p. m. This cut off a great deal of bootlegging and much of the heavier heav-ier drinking which could not be controlled con-trolled by the local police. This bureau was most efficient, as is demonstrated by the fact that Colonel Charles H. Hatch, United States marines, who was in charge of the police forces of Philadelphia, was sent down to New Orleans by Secretary Daniels of the navy to make an investigation investi-gation of Ihe New Orleans situation, and reported that so long as the A. P. 1,. was on the job there was no need for the establishment of a military police in New Orleans, or of extending any other law-enforcing organization. A. P. L. has rarely had a belter compliment than this. This bureau had chemists ma king analyses of several alleged soft drinks, and caused a cessation in their sale when they were of a suspicious character. In general, it locked up the town in a manner entirely satisfactory to the military and naval authorities. Anyone going to New Orleans in war times would have found it anything but a wide-open place. Yet, bit lately, New Orleans was called rather an "open town" in other ways; hence the vice bureau, established under the constant personal supervision of the division chief. There were squads kept out all the time in control of the "district" "dis-trict" and uptown sections of the city, this patrol being kept up day and night. It was not in the least infrequent that A. P. L. men would be out many flights on service of this sort. In order that the operations of this vice bureau might be facilitated, Chief Weinberger was named United States commissioner by Federal Judge Foster. Women apprehended under section 13 of the Conscription act were brought before Commissioner Weinberger, their cases investigated, in-vestigated, and eff idavits made. When necessary, they were sent to the isolation isola-tion hospital for investigation as to their physical status. In order to prevent sending these unfortunate un-fortunate women to jail with criminals, thc American Protective League at New Orleans engaged in the enterprise earlier referred to its "Amproleague farm." Here there were ample dormitories, fully equipped, and a garden was maintained. There was a matron in charge. The place was kindly and helpful in every way, and every attempt was made to change the women, spiritually as well as physically, during their stay. Thus thc league went a step further 'than acting simply as a merciless police force. It took care ol young men who ought to have taken better bet-ter care of themselves, but it did more. It took care not of one sex alone, but of both sexes, and in the truer and more lofty sense of the word. In this operation of the liquor and vice bureaus, local army and navy camps detailed de-tailed men to help the A. P. L. The loca 1 organization of the Homo Guard, to the number of about a hundred, were admitted to membership in the league also. This organization, which was under military discipline, could be quickly assembled as-sembled for night service. Tra nsport of the league was cared for by the automobile automo-bile division of the burea u of information. informa-tion. The In t ter men rendered special service to prevent the shipment of liquor1 into dry territory, whether in violation of the Reed amendment or in violation of section 12 of the Conscription act. The New Orleans disl rlct had one neighboring neighbor-ing cantonment which was in dry territory. terri-tory. In brief, New Orleans showed what all the divisions of A. P. U. did throughout the country good judgment and common sense. It did the thing necessary to be done, the most obvious and most useful thing. That dutjt' was the caring for the person n el of the soldiers and sailors grouped in sucti numbers in or close to New Orleans. Human nature was accepted ac-cepted as human nature, and dealt with as such. These arc the conditions which perforce colored tho work of A. 1 in New Orleans. They do not reflect the average eommunlly life of that city in any ordinary sense of the word, although many of the cases most valued by the division itself have had to do with the manner of work. For instance, the vice bureau a ppre-hnud ppre-hnud two young women under section 13 of t lie ( 'on script ion act. Brought before be-fore the United States commissioner they were released upon their personal recognizance, recog-nizance, but failed to appear on the next 111 or ui ng. Later I hev were located in Houston, Texas, and brought back to New Orleans. They were not kicked down. They found homes at the "Amprolejgue far m." Matters did not go so gently in the vice operations so far as they had to do with the oirh r and more persistent offenders. There were raids on some of the more notorious retorts, and several of thorn closed their doors entirely. There was a geneml cleaning up in New Orleans, which was poo. for the city, whe'her or nor it remained a center of iniliia ry activities. A common practice of New Orleans tav-icab tav-icab drivers was to meet all trains coming com-ing in from the cantonments and to offer tho sigh's of thc city, liquor and taxi-cab taxi-cab included, to a 1 1 y en list ed in a n f o r a net sum varying from J5 to $ pi. The crcand hours spent In skillful "shadow- tion of 1,2 a.icn enemies, the convic- 01 eleven offenders against the ce"ruf n m V? deaer-fs. and the sue-Chlef sue-Chlef n..fCU'io? l other offenders, -nicr uavis and h s offender tw. Mve wSrrltfe ,n ,lhe "-'" o" cronste-he cronste-he re e, aKther type- This included c.rt wf'ls ""i101" lhe selective service serv-ice regulations, and the anolo'les and &?l0rid their wSy80aob8talnSd haTnfiK anf ?"0nJen wh. in some cases, niim ierately' but in most instances nwittlngly, extended aid and comfort to the enemy. It is estimated that at least Xn!m!?C'n, and :ome- who had been Stnlty of spreading false reports or of other conduct of an unfriendly nature, ere shown the fallacy of their actions in such a manner that thev voluntarily surrendered their previous ideas and embraced em-braced Americanism with more or less-zeal. less-zeal. For the protection of active members, who frequently encountered emergencies requiring authoritative action, and often were obliged to make immediate arrests to insure the detention of persons guiltv of serious offenses, an arrangement was made whereby a large percentage of the operatives were formally deputized as special officers of the Minnesota Public Safety commission. This gave them sufficient suf-ficient police authority to cope with anv situation which arose. But for this, it would not have been possible for the organization or-ganization to make its record of important impor-tant arrests. This authority permitted the carrying of arms for protection, and although instances where "gun plav" was required were few, the United States department de-partment of justice and the Minnesota Public Safety commission had no occasion occa-sion to regret thc authority and responsibility respon-sibility conferred upon these men. They were enabled, by virtue of this authority, to enter many places, which otherwise might have been closed to them, in time to correct conditions which, if neglected, would have given rise to serious difficulties. diffi-culties. The Minneapolis division American Protective Pro-tective league was the first local division to attempt a large-scale slacker roundup. round-up. The results and experience of the Minneapolis raids were responsible for similar activities in other cities, which put into the army hundreds of men who otherwise might have evaded military service. The first organized slacker "raid" in Minneapolis took place on March 26, 1917. One hundred and twenty operatives were employed in hauling the drag-net through the cheaper hotels in the Gateway lodging house district. Approximately Ap-proximately one hundred men were ' taken tak-en to the temporary detention place, and twenty-one men deserters, unregistered enemy alians and men whose draft status could not be determined were sent to the county jail. On A pril 6, 250 operatives, with 200 national guard escorts, visited saloons, cafes, pool rooms and dance halls, starting start-ing at 8 p. m. and continuing until 10 p. in., and picked up 1 150 men in various places. The chief and a corps of assistants assist-ants conducted the questioning throughout through-out the night. There were still 200 men in custody when breakfast was served Sunday morning. Long distance telephone tele-phone and telegraph were employed to determine tho status of the non-residents. Twenty-seven men were locked up. Other less extensive raids were conducted con-ducted through the spring and summer of If 18 and at different periods, squads of operatives being stationed at the various vari-ous railroad stations to search for draft evaders. As many as twenty prisoners were taken in those stations in a single day, and it was seldom that a day passed which did not yield two or more deserters de-serters or delinquents. One morning a dapper individual who arrived at one station was asked if he had his draft card. "Certainly," he replied, reaching confidently con-fidently into his pocket. The smile gradually disappeared from his face and he delved into pocket after pocket without with-out finding the necessary credentials. Finally Fi-nally he gave up in despair and admitted he did not have his card. Tie was an exception to tho rule, however, and did not become indignant. He said. "Take me along I deserve it." At headquarters he proved to be "Chick" Evans of Chicago, Chi-cago, national open golf 'champion of the United States. Vie had come to Minneapolis Min-neapolis to participate in a golf foursome four-some Tor the benefit of the Red Cross! He waited fully two hours until a tele-gra. tele-gra. m was received from his board in Chicago stating that he was in good stan ding. Another spectacular raid conducted by the Minneapolis division was on the show lot of the Ringling circus. Thirty men were ta ken into custody on charges of draft irregularities, and nearly all of these were inducted into the army. It was reported that resistance might be offered, and precautions had been taken in the arrangements for the raid. No difficulty was encountered, however, and later in the day tho proprietor of the circus complimented us on the manner in which tho round-up had been conducted. con-ducted. different tvpo of raid was undertaken under-taken at the request of commandants of the various army detachments in and near Minneapolis. They complained tnat a number of importers in army uniforms uni-forms were bringing discredit to tne sol-dierv sol-dierv and requested that these be apprehended. appre-hended. There were so many soldiers on leave in Minneapolis at all hours that It' had been found extremely difficult to identify the imposters. and so it was decided de-cided "that with the cooperation of the various commandants a literal drag-net process should be rosorted to on a given evenin" Forces of operatives were stationed sta-tioned at opposite, extremes of the central cen-tral business district. More tnan -00 men participated, squads being formed, and one squad being stationed at each end of each street.. The operatives stmiped everv uniformed man who was encountered and demanded his pass. An even dozen uniformed men who did not uae passes were picked up and turned oyer to army and navy authorities, who amended in automobiles. For a long time there was an entire absence of ue- ports of oifenses on thc part of imposters m service uniforms. ; Eariy in the summer a svstem of night-i night-i lu P- U PaLrols was established in , tne down-town section of Minneapolis. . Operatives worked in squads of two or . three men. some of them giving attention : to draft evaders, others to the work-or-1 nght order, and others to bootleggers. 1 scarcely a night passed 'without a record or one or more important arrests, and trie entire personnel of the league became intimately acquainted with the down-town down-town business and social structures. In the conduct of these nightly patrols a special headquarters was established 1 in a down-town public building. The captain in charge directed operations from this place. Not only was he able to keep the railroad stations, hotels, cafes, saloons and other public places under continuous surveillance, for slack-i slack-i er3. but he also had forces constantly available to meet anv emergencies which arose during the evenings. Squads frequently fre-quently were dispatched from tiiis head- quarters to various points of the city to "give attention to special cases. One of the first draft evasion cases ; investigated by the Minneapolis division ; is a great short story ready-made. It concerned a young man prominent in labor circles. He had been an avowed , opponent of all the national war mea-; mea-; sures, and was particularly bitter in his condemnation of the selective draft act. j It was reported on good authority that although he was within the draft age he had declined to register and intended to : resort to any device necessary to evade service. The first inquiry was made at the board of health, where "it was ascertained that no record of his birth was on file. Attention At-tention was next called to the poll books, 1 and it was found that the age he haa , given when registering as a voter placed him safely within the provisions of the draft act. His school enrollment record was Investigated and it was found that the ages given in the various grades made him amenable to the draft. He had three insurance policies, and the original applications appli-cations which he had signed showed him to have been less than thirtv-one years old on June 5, 1017. The last step was to search for themarriage record of his father and mother. They were found to have been married in a small town near Minneapolis in November, 18S5. When the young man was summoned to headquarters he admitted the authenticity authen-ticity of all these record.s, but insisted that he knew he was past thirty-one on June o, 1917. He refused to state on what information he based this assertion, and was held for prosecution. One final attempt was made to clear bis status, and with considerable effort his mother, who had divorced his father more than twenty-five years before, was located. At the end of an unsatisfactory interview lasting nearly an hour she finally broke down and in tears admitted the boy hau been born out of wedlock and that she had been responsible for the falsification of the records in order to indicate his legitimacy. She said that she had withheld with-held this secret even from the subject, not divulging to him until a few days be-' be-' fore the day of registration and then only , because he seemed so bitter over tiie . fact that he must register. Her appearance appear-ance was so venera ble and her determination deter-mination to assist him so emphatic that thero appeared little chance of successful success-ful prosecution, ;o the man was released. Headquarters never received any further reports of un-American activities on his part. A later case of interest involved an admitted ad-mitted deserter, both from the German and the United States army. Whether he is guilty of other offenses has not yet been netermined. On September 1:', 1918, the day of registration for men up to forty-six years of age, two operatives on duty were struck by the peculiar actions of a man who appeared to register. They managed to get near him without attracting at-tracting suspicion. In stating his occupation occupa-tion he said be was an iron moulder. They notice,- that his hands were soft, and white. When h left the registration place, one of the operative followed him. The other telephoned to the plant where thc man had said he was employed and learned that he was not known there. The Individual was "shadowed" I o a lodging house, but had departed while the first operative was telephoning. The house was put under surveillance, and after a period of five days the operative gained entrance and searched his room. Among his effects were blank checks from banks in various cities, photographs in German armv uniforms of a man recognizable as the subject, and various letters and pamphlets pam-phlets in German, some of whioh were suspicious. Under the carpet in the room was an official United States army discharge dis-charge bio nk. The fact that this paper had been so carefully hidden caused further suspicion, and the watch was maintained for another an-other five days, when a man appeared at the house seeking to rent the room which had been occupied by the subject. He described the particular room. On instructions in-structions from the operatives, the land-l land-l .dy let him have it. When he entered the room he started packing the effects of the subject, and shortly afterward left the bouse with the subject's two suitcases. suit-cases. He was stopped outside and questioned. ques-tioned. He sn id a man had given him S"i to go to that lodging house, to rent that particular room, to get h"is belongings belong-ings and to meet him at a certain place the following morning, where he agreed to give him J.tO. This man was held over nieht and was sent out the next day to ma ke the appointment arra nged by the subject. The subject was there and was taken into custody. After a grueling examination ex-amination he admitted being a deserter from the 1'nited States army. He later confessed that he was a German alien and said he also had deserted from the army in Germany. He would not account ac-count for his activities in the months which bad elapsed between his desertion from the army and his capture in Minneapolis. Min-neapolis. He had a considerable sum of monev. but could not prove he had done the captain and proper apologies were made. In most cases where humor existed, there was sometimes a mixture of tragedy. trag-edy. There was one man. a motor truck driver, who had made himself exceedingly exceeding-ly popular with a number of women by wearing a uniform of an infantryman without having gone through the formality formal-ity of enlistment. He was captured one day while paying a call on one of his admirers. Operatives burst in upon the imposter and told him he must straightway straight-way doif the uniform. "But this is the only suit of clothes I have," he protested. One operative went to his truck and found an oil-stained suit of overalls. He was taken behind a screen and forced to get into these and give up his military raiment. Another incident of this kind involved a young man who was subject to draft and who said he was ready to respond when called. He could not wait the government gov-ernment issue of clothes, however. He went to a tailor and equipped himself with a suit of khaki which fitted perfectly, per-fectly, and further adorned himself with the insignia of the artillery service and an officer's sleeve braid. When he was summoned to headquarters, he explained that he intended to take this uniform to camp to wear when "he went to town." His readiness to wear the uniform was communicated to his draft board by telephone tel-ephone and brought orders for immediate induction. Although he had sold all of his civilian clotiies, onu suit was recovered recov-ered from the second-hand dealer who had purchased them, and he went to camp in it. One Saturday night a young man of stentorian voice, wearing classical shell-rimmed shell-rimmed glasses, appeared at a prominent down-town corner, mounted a soap box and shouted, "Step closer, gentlemen. I have no' bombs, no T. N. T., no lyddite, no dynamite or powder explosives of any kind. Step closer, though, and I'll 'treat you to some talk-bombs." In the vanguard van-guard of those who stepped closer were two A. P. L. operatives. Five minutes later the orator, Herbert Blank, alias Herbert C , deserter from the British army, was registered at the county jail. The shell-rimmed glasses and his predilection' predi-lection' to Bolshevik oratory had proved his downfall. They had been mentioned in a bulletin asking his apprehension, sent out from Chicago headquarters of the department of justice and received that morning in Minneapolis headquarters. The leading man of the theatrical company com-pany which scored the biggest hit of any troupe plaving Minneapolis last winter applied his'cold cream and other theatrical theatri-cal embellishments for hts Saturday matinee mat-inee performance under the eyes of an A.' P. U. operative whilst he confessed to the -operative that it was quite possible pos-sible that he should have registered for the draft, althoug he had not. At the request re-quest of the New York A. P. U. headquarters, head-quarters, this man was examined, and although he carried with him a sworn statement from his father to the effect that he had been born prior to Jurpe 5, 1 886, co-operation with the Toledo A. " P. U. had developed evidence that this was not true. Before the interview was concluded, ample evidence was secured to warrant the arrest of thc actor, but his role was so prominent and there was such a certainty that the company would be compelled to cancel all of its engagements, engage-ments, with distinct losses to all its members, mem-bers, ttiat mercy was shown and he was allowed to continue the performance until un-til such a time as his draft status could be adjusted. For several weeks, during the travels of the company, he was compelled com-pelled to report daily at the offices of the U. S. department of justice in the various cities visited. One night a squad of operatives, led by the chief, visited an apartment in a down-town building to investigate a report re-port that liquor was being served to sol- diers and sailors. When they gained en- , trance they found no uniformed men upon 1 thc premises, but one of the operatives who had lived in San Francisco recog- ; nized the unmistakable odor of opium i smoke. He said, "Hop, Chief!" A search ; was made and a large quantity of opium was found secreted in various nooks of the apartment. Further search revealed . twenty-three sticks of dynamite, a com- 1 plete kit of burglar's tools, a supply of , saw s and -other devices used by crooks, j A bolt of silk and other new merchan- j dise, afterward identified as property stolen from stores, also was uncovered. Five men and a woman were taken to jail. One of the most interesting cases was that of a German who left Germany fifty-six years ago, at the age of 6 years. He went to South Dakota, where he prospered pros-pered greatly, and moved to Minneapolis about fifteen years ago. At the outbreak of the war his remarks were such that his business associates and social acquaintances ac-quaintances practically ostracized him. and the members of his lodge preferred charges of disloyalty against him. The man was brought to headquarters. Members Mem-bers of his lodge were invited to be present, pres-ent, and be was given twenty minutes seeing himself as others saw him. His attitude at first was stubborn and defiant. de-fiant. The chief then began to dwell on the suffering of his children; said they were refused admittance to fraternities, were not invited to parties and that his boy departed for the mobilization camp brokenhearted and in tears over the fact that none of his family was at the station sta-tion to bid him good-bye at the most important im-portant milestone in his career. This line of talk seemed to soften the -subject. He broke down and said, with tears: "1 never was talked to like this before in :nv life, but I never had anything any-thing said to me that did me so much good. Will von please shake hands with me?" After' that his fellow lodpe members mem-bers effected a reconciliation on the spot. This man's future conduct was above reproach re-proach after this incident, and he became one " of the most active workers for the Red Cross and Liberty loans. A well-known clairvoyant and spiritualist spiritu-alist medium of Minneapolis was brought into the office by one of the district captains. She was told tha t she bad been ta Iking sedit ion. and waxed indignant indig-nant at the idea of anybody accusing give any name, and always received the supplies at the front porch, and that the same practice was indulged in about the delivery of nardware. small orders of lumber, and other materials. The house was carefully watched for a couple of weeks, and manv attempts were made to get in. The sound of machinery could be heard, and one of the operatives who finally got in as a meter reader reported a small electric motor in the basement, which seemed to be some sort of a workshop. work-shop. The man and woman who lived there kept so close to his heels that he was not able to do much without exciting ex-citing suspicion. At regular intervals the couple visited the postoffice, where they shipped packages to different addresses throughout the northwest. These packages pack-ages were registered, and they seemed to be very careful in their handling of them. It was decided that we had best pick them up on the street aid bring the couple to the office when they had these packages m thoir possession, and the operative op-erative would folio w. Examination of the packages in the office disclosed the fact that there w-ere small framed pictures pic-tures which this man and woman were manufacturing and sending to the woman's wom-an's husband, who was on the road selling sell-ing them. This satisfactorily explained the mysterious packages which were thought to be infernal machines. The queerness of this woman in always carrying car-rying a small leather traveling bag prompted us to examine the contents of the bag, which proved to be a large amount of money, which this woman was carrying openly through the streets of Minneapolis, part of it in coins. When reprimanded for this matter of taking the money around with her. she explained that they were Danish and did not understand un-derstand American customs very well. While living in Chicago they had deposited depos-ited the savings of several years in a private bank, which failed, and ever since that time they had kept their savings constantly on their persons. We explained ex-plained the banking system to them and sent them to a fellow countryman, who is the vice president of one of our large banks. They left their. money in his custody, cus-tody, except a considerable portion which they invested in Liberty bonds. CHAPTER XIV. THE STORY OF NEW ORLEANS. The A. P. L. in the Sunny South Strong Division of the Crescent City How the League Was Organized Organ-ized Rapid Growth and Wide Activities Ac-tivities Curbing of Vice Cleaning Up a City. There is not in all the United States a more lovable city than that founded by Iberville, in an earlier century, above the delta of i he Mississippi. At first French, then part Spanish, part American, Ameri-can, all southern and yet all cosmopolitan. cosmopoli-tan. New Orleans has what we may call a personality not approached by any other community on this continent. Up to the time when, a decade or so ago, the once self -con ten ted south began to reach out for a commercial future, so-called. so-called. New Orleans was the true Mecca on this continent of the northern tourists. tour-ists. No need to go to Europe if one wanted different scenes. Here existed always the glamor of old-world customs, an atmosphere as foreign as it was wholly whol-ly delightful. As the "home of easy living liv-ing and good cocking, as the place of kindly climate and gentle manners, all flavored with a wholesome carelessness as to life and its problems, New Orleans was, to use a very trite expression, in a class quite by herself. She never has had a rival, and more is the pity that the old New Orleans has succumbed to the modern tendency toward utilization and change which has marked all America. Of such a community it might be expected ex-pected that none too rigid a view of life and law would obtain. This would not be true of the better elements of New Orleans, yet it was in part true of all the life along tho old gulf coast, where Lafitte and all his roisterers once lived, and where all the gentleness and ease of nature tended toward what we might call loose living or at least joie de vivre. The soul of New Orlea ns came out annually an-nually tn her Mardi Gras the exuberant exuber-ant flowering of a spirit perennially young and riante. And yet to New Orleans came the sobering so-bering days of the war, as to all thc rest I of America. The conscription fell upon her as upon every other city in America; : and she also was asked to open hor 1 purse lor the furtherance of the war and its purposes. How she responded need not be asked, and need not really be recorded, re-corded, for New Orleans has always maintained beneath her laughing exterior ex-terior as stern a sense of duty as may be found anywhere in all the world. To be French is to smile but to be firm. Indeed, New Orleans showed one of the strange phenomena of America n li fe which is not always known in the north the truth- that the south is more Puritan Puri-tan than ever New Fngland was. Texas, supposed to be iv bad border state, today has stronger laws regarding rice, and liquor than New England ever has had since the time of the blue law s, and more strietlv enforced. Louisiana, also, gentle and kindly, has a. stiffer code of morals than any commonwealth of Die stern and rokbound coast. She smiles but stands firm. These reflccMons become the mor obvious ob-vious as one reads the main story of the activities of A. P. L. in New Orleans. The division does not pride itself ever so much upon its prompt nesa with Liberty Lib-erty loans, its activity in s'acker drives, its firmness ns to sabotage and propaganda, propa-ganda, as it does upon other phases of work which at first were incidental to the prosecution of the government, war activities. The creat boast of the New Orleans divisioi is that it has kept voung soldiers awav ftnm bad women, and kpt women, once evil, awn- from themslvs and gave thorn a chance to reform and to live a different life. So, t herefore. one who shall study all tbe manifold act ivi-t'es ivi-t'es of the American Protective league in this country will see that it had many ways, in which it rendered service to the pennle. Perhaps, long after the league shall have be--n d:sso!ved. in part forgot - CHAPTER XIII. THE STORY OF MINNEAPOLIS, fan-cut Work of One of the North-'t'c'-'s Capitals - Straightaway Story .a Good Division Many Anecdotes i Moving How Operatives Worked ' e Dignified and Sober Side of Sav-'e Sav-'e the t?tn t e and Making Over Clti-iis-A Model Report. 'c great city of Minneapolis is one ":-e foci of the agricultural and in--al realm of the vast northwestern ::.ry for which the Twin Cities make T-aiewav. It was not to be supposed -m;8 staid and sober population would e any great amount of trouble. None trouble did develop in Minneapolis, 'i'lsewhert. and A. P. L. cases and fig-"mounted fig-"mounted steadily upward, just as :., did in other large centers of industry country over. Oen enemy cases for the department . lust ice ran 1-7; disloyalty arid sedi-sabotage, sedi-sabotage, 17; interference with propaganda, 30; I. W. W. and V radicals, 70. War department cases 1 5725 investigations under the selec-"e selec-"e draft: 997 slackers. 507 work-or-tight -s; character and loyalty, 337 cases; Vor, vice and prostitution, 503 cases. -'a treasury department had 1129 cases - war risk and allowance grounds. The administration turned over 2356 for investigation; the gasoline work, ";. Tne grand total of cases handled I ",- Minneapolis division men, November : 151;, to December 16, 191S, was 15,415. ' ;,;:-r.eapolis had a very thorough or-:A:iation. or-:A:iation. and has reported the results "; o thorough and explicit a fashion as ;- eave small option in matter of handling report. It could not well be amended - improved upon, and is given in sub-;x.ce sub-;x.ce in the following pages. Entries on the case cards Include every vceivable offense against the war-time ,X5 and orders of the federal govern---.t. Each card contains the condensed ::ory of an investigation Important in prosecution of the war; and, collec-. collec-. ciy. the 15,415 cards represent uncount-hours, uncount-hours, days and nights of devoted -vi'-e to tho government during a period ' thirteen months. They record advents adven-ts as thrilling as any of the detective r:es of Monsieur Lecocq or Sherlock ilmes, although these form a minority ihe experiences encountered. The Minneapolis division of tho Ameri-n Ameri-n Protective League entered upon ac-" ac-" service November 27, 1917. An or-: or-: 'Ization with a limited membership had n effected in Minneapolis previously, ; its members served principally as ob-vers, ob-vers, and it was not until Charles G. ' vis. a Minneapolis contractor, bad been iuced by IT. M. Gardner, Vice president !he Civic and Commerce association, in -;r?e of war activities, to accept the :tion as chief of the Minneapolis divi-1, divi-1, that the American Protective League ame an active local agent for the ap-hension ap-hension of anti-war activities. Mr. t is entirely abandoned his private busies busi-es to enter upon this Important gov-merit gov-merit service. After having established itions with T. E. Campbell, chief spe-:1 spe-:1 apent in charge of the bureau of eli?ation. United States deparl ment iustice in the northwest, he opened 'Quarters and immediately began reciting re-citing a force of operatives. T-f e con-:?d con-:?d in this jiosition through the thir-:n thir-:n months without salary, '"nder the plan of organization, a can-n can-n was appointed in each district and ?ra fives assigned in the numbers re-rM re-rM to meet t he conditions en conn -"rd, Lieu ten a nts also were provided, -h having charge of groups of opera's opera-'s un In ten men. Tleadcpiarters held h captain responsible for all operations ' Ms district, rho jurisdiction of lhe Minneapolis di-ion di-ion extended through Hennepin county, "the principal county centers outside of 'nnenpolis, special operatives were ap-nted ap-nted to take instruction direct from (kiuarters. Another group of picked -ni t Ives composed a headquarters ad operated directly under tho chief i handling emergency cases. ieeou.se of the im porta nee and confi-itlal confi-itlal nature of the business entrusted the league, extreme care was exercised the selection of the oneratives. Thev ti men of proved loyalty as well as of iitv and influence. As the work of the ision Increased, the personnel was en-zvA en-zvA until a. t o f a 1 of more than 400 'Natives from all lines of business, dfs and professions had finally been '.d to servicp. All server! without pav expense allowances. Some of them vf practically their entire time to the rk of the league. Most of them defi-(ly defi-(ly pledged and ga ve from six to ftnty hours of service every week. The. total members sworn In numbered on November "0. lin. The active 'at that date included 3:'R officers and ra fives and sixtv members of tho so-d so-d "eye and ear" division, consisting ' men not able to render continuous -'-vice, but so situated tha t they were a position to communicate to bead-rters bead-rters reports, of anti-American aetlvi-' aetlvi-' and other federal offenses. Amoner J active members were scores who had "1 in vain to enter the armv or navy: i who, failing to find any other essen-"I essen-"I war service open to them; found an "lt for their patriotic energy In the "Vs of the American Protective LamiP. withstanding this, the league report -s that twenty-four members resigned r:nq; the thirteen months to go into the ; five to enter the overseas service the Y. M. C. A. or Red Cross; and -Mren to accept other government "vice. In the pursuit of their duties, opera-'s opera-'s and officials of the Minneapolis divi-1n divi-1n A. P. L., a rrested Severn 1 well -'fwn criminals, and encountered scores dpspera'ii offenders of various kinds, a tribute to their courage and ef-?ricy ef-?ricy that there was not a single case 'treme violence. Men who were rec-i'Z"rt rec-i'Z"rt everywhere as dangerous were ' jher.ded as easily as persons who had .""nried unwittingly. In its work, the fjue employed K1I of the scientific as '-'1 as the ordinary devices utilizer! in 1ft detection and conviction of violators iwVarfi of tlie w. Dictaphones and jiisesvere used, and miles were cov- any work. He tv.is turned over to the j mtiltary authorities. Toiiping all other humorous experiences was that encountered by one of the most efficient of thc Minneapolis district A. F. L. captains. He had orders tn arrest a deserter who bore a Polish name ending in "-ski." After a long search he was Informed that this man lived in one of the slum sections, w-orkincr ail day. and nrrivine at his lodging r'ace generally about i a. m. He could not learn where the man worked and so was compelled to locate him at his room. Going there to make inquiries one nicht, he was told that the man was there, liavimr been informed that the fellow w-as dangerous and fearinc that he would become alarmed and flee if he was not taken info , cutndv Immediately, the captain w ent into his room. Asking if he Mere "So-an,-)-to-ki," the man said he whs. He was "told to get up and dress and come along Although he was surly, he showed no reNtn nee. and accompanied the oap-(un oap-(un outside. The captain fell, however. tiv,r 1'"" doeilitv nrtlu be assumed, and thought he ""Hid take no chances The p ace was about a mi.e from the jail. The c-i'otain had an automobile, but did not feel it would be safe to take the pns-nr ,, the "eat with him. He therefore compelled com-pelled him to straddle the hood on the oar and on this ui-amly perch, w;;, the temperature ; decrees be:ow. t:;e unfortunate un-fortunate SUSOect vas .driven tO tilt Arrtv'nc there, the pris-0, pris-0, e 'scratched n head and nsked: "W hat yuh bnnsin mo do n here for?" "Why because you didn't register Tor the draft. You know what." "Pidn't register for the draf ? T guess I did! Here is my biue card and m .tasificatton card." ",,xp,anafion follow. , THs man's name ended with the 1 ",! was otherwise almoM 1... .. . ,t 1 l i j a . ..;.". of the culprit who so far removed from ordinary planes, who could see into vast rounds of space. II er complacency was seriously jarred when informed that one of our opi-rativps had crawled into her basement ihrouph tho coi chute and listened to her seditious sedi-tious taik. Her inability to foe into the hasruncnt caused her to ha ve renewed faith in the lomr arm of Unrki Sam. A bond salesman earning- $iVX'0 a year wa s only two weeks under 3 1 years of age on June 5. 1?1V. A report cime in from a former sweetheart who had ben jilted. Operatives found where the subject sub-ject had made, a pplication f-tr two in-surance in-surance policies, takn out two or thrr-e vears previous, in another city, which eave his ace and place of birth. When brought, into the office, the man stated tha t no auth-mt ic hi rt h record was in eisc"re. and ihat h:s birth was recorded record-ed ;n ibe Tamily Eible in a southern :tv, in tbe cu 'ody of b:s mother. Xot. ravine rav-ine th:' ;iddr,,-o o: his mother, that ancv n-n hnvine b'ii covered, we anticipated th;1 be would a ttcnmt to com mimical e with his motivr. The wires w;-e rov-e-fd and a. mr-s.-asr'- was rh'kd up abont llv'rtv nvnutes i:'--r subip'-t liad ff tic off;, e insLruct i ;i?r the mother to dp-Toy the i a mi;;' b;rn record peeln the B:h a nd to send him an affidavit t hat be was horn a yea r earlier tha n he v. H . Xeedir-ss o say, the local operatives in that d strict where bis mother liv-M f-curtd f-curtd '.he r.c --.-a ry ccn d.--a. We hr.;,o That this y,vjre n an has d -r.f more for h;s C'-'U" ' ry dunre the m o n h s re lias be-n i" France T f .in be d,d pre v as far as heme a patriotic American r-p-eerr.cd. lri.-id m'a":--, be fit .'-o je'-ure m h :s p t 'on t in t. riurir c tl- e rn:.c iv, on : h s " f 1 r ' he bad ir. a rr A man a"d womau occupvj--c a rr-all cot '.ace in the o-i'skrts of tbe c:'y w-p repot;erl as ac'it.r m a very 5 u s r : . o- s-ma-mer. Ke.-picc the window? n ve fu: ly ,-cered. rot a, '.owner hv.-: i" cr-e ir-.-o the l-,o-; e. arm : : ev.vi a', ' v '.; c 'he meter re;,d-rs to Pf" m ut'.l ron- . . h ri v. V'. -' es of r":t-. r' a 1 s'ze v. ere di,':v--.--1 p-v ofrm r-o Uuu tUy a.wa; a p.v.d w.jld ien, ir, .ew inp.ns renanmtatmn nome, ten mile? out from the citv. will remain as a monument to the activities of that smerular organization which, like Kim? Rex himself, ruler of the carnival, came from some mvsterious region and vanished van-ished 1 hence attain, leaving behind only pood memories. On .Ta nna ry in 1 1 1 S. the pw nr. lenns division of A. P. L.. had only thirty-ei-ht members. At t ha t time Cha rles Weinberger became manager, there bp'ne a senr ;a t er with him a assistant c h ief Arthur Newmyer. There wore at first but limited office Quarters, but in a vr'' short time y. p -v h eadoua r t ers were established estab-lished and the n'rit ir,s'aled c o v o r j n 7 a orro?' :m? tely li.rinn soi'are feet of ppa,. Thi15 tva rm" April 1- r-ln Fehr-ary 1, Ifif. the total membership was ?''r'T. 1-e.acue operations were d;str:bufed under a bureau of inve-- icra tion rd a b'i rea 11 of j " 'orrr anon, ea : n eh. a r rr of ?'i a s: s a h c ef. The in v est 1 ra t :op work was divider bv S'pe-ial Atr-nt . J P.erkh-vm a follows: T f .-a d n , Jf1 r t r.rs b-f-eja-. hand "'icr Pifniv alien a- ':vy.t, d ' s. nvp. v. ped 1 : om. pro-o a nri a , r t v - .-j two re a fcf of z 'r f v- th rc e p - . ru ;-f -tenants, and ako a ward 0-ramatom 0-ramatom p; r h r r.,-. wa rr. s of f-n- f"ir-a r s t b to r n a t "--ia r t w ; :o ad p no -; r h op. 1 : v-pn ri ''"r TV s"'fin1 bur-'V;, tr.it c ' - f - r r,a -t ;nn . : -.ok uo on ; is Pa rt t - tr - -'a f -s ': ";;t i ra h,er ! ' ' " ''at wr - .vp T-. V -'.'., ' "" e ;tr. r'-. -h: '- a I r'.H ; f ; - t in rarh of t '- e cpvpm :'-e -'it -o-7mi r- a I'ics nf t'--,f r-'-ry. ard "l-'- m -.;a: : V..d l;"':trsi'F a-.rl or-erativr-e - h.- rav'm:- !ar I:-.e nf b : ' r. " r-. T-i -tv r-i S v. '- .1 t v.f. rn'i-vi a dn-: 'o it, : - p- - - r n t '- v, bo ? s ' o ' ti 'or-: a - t r,-, ?:--! i-ivcC;:r;n. hr ; :v '. m eV.:,V-" a::1 n--T T: " b ;---:. 'r.f :n- f.-.' ma' .oi! rn'T ' ..-il of .; r-d r " c z-;--. a-d : .:;' : -v t.- or r-'-N. r-r 'r.T w' -i r r:-.,r'fr ';u f.rv;- e b ;l,iu v, m c i.ar-,". nf |