yClOflPO fQ fliWTiflJ 'ft ' CTX No Possible Explanation " Yet to Account for tlie ti k;'r ;';V V Red Headed, Wavy f 'vlsV Haired, Pernaps White, W jVk Race m America, yi .flia Thousands of Years Before the i . X'-' fAf Indians or If V r i'? ' Even the ' Cliff L fW , ? Dwellers Af' V ' I iilDLj ' , k J ( i l two was finished off with false braid or " i " ' herringbone. The type in general is still . r1 ' i A " Tv ' 'n U3e y 'he p'utes (Paiutes), and Sho- l i I shones, alid is seen in ordinarj' Japanese . fr, i A ' inch baskets and baskets o Samoa and Sv? ' Straits of Magellan. li ,t jj i "The coiiea type was that of the most I M 1 'V 4 i A ancient tribes of Egypt, made of palm ' f -53 r 1 a x leaf, excavated by Mclver and Wilkin at El V ljfe s - -f Armah, six miles south of the site of Abydos". f Z 4 .fi middle Egypt. It is the oldest . gfrr 'I H f -A tyl)e in ,lle world- E1 Armah X f ' j A 11 dates'back to the earliest "new .V v 4 J ' race," through the entire middle - i. , i.,A..,.A-A period down to the late prehis- Cm s i x 1 tone of Egypt. It was the single V'4 ' 1 hpe through 6,000 years, ex- Xf, 4 tending far up the Nile to Aden i :feinvt?U !te Type of Thoroughly Explored Utah Cliff - M - ' ' Dwelling, Deep Beneath Which" Were Ol S - ,rHV M Vf$JS Found the Mummies and Remains ' ' " t' "j'ii v of the Mysterious Lost Red- . JT f , ! W;VvWv Headed American Race ?, 40 ' ,f V' V- ''1 THOSE who have the habit of think- and the arte- . Sfr'' - - JS?8- iR4 ing that the original inhabitants facts and wea- M V- . iwa3f of America were either straight pons found in wd black-haired people like the Indians thelr 6trang0 Prehistoric Woman, the Last Representative of the ' ossible Explanation j fffl ' et to Account for tne K rS Red Had. Wavy iairecl. Perhaps WWe, W lyHH Race m America, y I JWfc 1 nousands ox ;l 1 r--r!E Years Before tke j if f'4jM y'-j Indians or lp 1 m P1 Even tke " Cliff WO'S DweUers f ' jfp ' two was finished off with false braid or herringbone. The type in general is still . r1 p in use by the Piutes (Paiutes), and Sho- j 1 jjff i ttTi " "1 shones, ahd is seen in ordinary Japanese ) ' g'--iEaima "The coiiea type was that of the most f QT jfs&Jtt&'t C S ancient tribes of Egypt, made of palm - (!VSA, ? SlggfsSj leaf, excavated by Mclver and Wilkin at El V W&S&t VjkLJ S Armah, six miles south of the site of Abydos". I SVl1 Si Hagl gsSasi-' middle Egypt. It is the oldest -5;iiSffi;;iS type in the world. El Armah S p?flHfiBW:k dates'back to the earliest "new w.lllllIllglIlM race," through the entire middle rp5g,spliliillfi period down to the late prehis- s!iBSBfiB!lSH tone of Egypt. It was the single raltlIIlB type through 6,000 years, ex- IiBlBilIIW tending far up the Nile to Aden ( ' j and into Hindustan. Long cara- I (' vans took it into the heart o Africa, where it still per- j . The presence of the wood- ( i 11 stick, or spear, and its . ilitilWBIIlM ' ; slight killing power shows "fSMJpfiilM - is the red-haired .people were MffMlMUSs completely isolated. No other BIlieJplM ') human beings or tribes could k&mg have been forced to de- 7 AT?''-;i'N, --.-siStv' X. SJsOtfeJ velop a primitive arma- I Cgf s? J!-kJe 's mDr.' George H. Pep- 7 ffflg Per quoting Richard j JtQS scribes 'thefr JffMSMi0 home as fol- 7 he most tortuoT, . BpSl W VS? he whole South- ilferu. : JWmtea Diagrammatic Illustration, Showing the Position of ' '' . i ' i le Tombs of the Very Early, Lost Race Far Beneath S ' . , Lhe Later Cliff Dwellers Long Famil.ar to Science. H ' x i canyon is from 300 to 70C In the Earlier Prehistoric r ' , ' id in msny places toward the Cliff Dwelling i ; . " ' -'". f he bends are cut through by Were Found Seven i ' . " ':,. :iug natural bridges. Under Bodies v ith Red. Wav v ' ZT " is. in some cases, are houses, u .;. p i . ' '-,'- -1 . .", places are piciographs in the - , alrLnclosed ln ." r?:;.'- . fusion. Basket Tombs and the ' ; 'V' 2nd egress is very difficult, Body of a Child with It3 " -"Jf . -"" not more than five or six Back Rest. Above ' w ' -" e even footmen can get into Them Crouched "V , . - ho canyon. Water is fairly W B . j . o : - - nrings occur at very frequent Woman Believed to Be " 4 j mnins a short illdanco rij the Last Renrt-nfrifAtiv ' !te Type of Thoroughly Explored Utah Cliff Dwelling, Deep Beneath Which" Were Found the Mummies and Remains of the Mysterious Lost Red-Headed Red-Headed American Race Bv Dr. W. H. Ballou. A Tragic Prehistoric Woman, the Last Representative of the Lost Red-Heacfcd Race, Left Unburied Beside the Tombs of Her People. ana into Jimaustan. Long caravans cara-vans took it into the heart of Africa, where it still persists." per-sists." The presence of the wood- n stick, or spear, and its K, slight killing power shows m the red-haired people were ,f completely isolated. No other i human beings or tribes could have been near. Had they been they would ifffi have been forced to de- 7 f, velop a primitive arma- I If ment. Dr. George H. Pep- rLjY per, quoting Richard JK Wetherlll, de- Iff scribes their zed THOSE who have the habit of thinking think-ing that the original inhabitants of America were either straight lad black-haired people like the Indians, with coppery skins, or little .brown-skinned Iweller3 in the Pueblos of the West, like He Honi Indians, will probably be just as and the artefacts arte-facts and weapons wea-pons found in their strange grave3. T h o second question is unanswerable home as fol- , . , , lows: "Grand trulch drains nearly all the territory southwest of the Elk Mountains, from the McComb in to the Clay Hills- alut 1,000 square miles of territory. terri-tory. It is the most tortuous canyon in the whole Southwest South-west making bends from 200 to 600 yards apart almost the en ire length, or for fifty miles, and each bend means Alinf thr Y.erhaleing cliff. All of those cliffs which have an exposure to the sun have been occu- s Pied either for cliff M bouses or as burial f A Diagrammatic II the Tombs of the 1 the Later Cliff D places. The canyon is from 30' feet deep, and in msny places toi lower end the bends are cut thi nature, making natural bridges, these bridges, in some case, are and in such places are pictograph greatest profusion. "Ingress and egress is very there being not more than five places where even footmen can or out of tho canyon. Water : plentiful. Springs occur at verv intervals, runninz a short riuia wrprised as science now is to learn that 10,000 years ago, at least, there lived in Utah a red-haired, presumably fair-skinned, nee. It may be that this vanished folk had their abode in other part3 of what is now Us United States. There are legends ex-tint ex-tint of a fair people dwelling in the New World long before Columbus discovered It, and these legends are found in the very eldest strata of Indian folk lore. In the light of recent discoveries science is turning turn-ing away from its scornful disregard of these stories which it has hitherto retarded re-tarded as absurd. The mummies which have revealed the iilatence of these redJhaired Americans ere found in caves under the houses of He Cliff Dwellers in Grand Gulch, south-tastern south-tastern Utah. There is clear evidence at they had entirely disappeared centuries cen-turies before the Cliff Dwellers themselves them-selves now a vanished race took up their abode within the precipices of the canyons. A number of well-preserved bodies, to-Rther to-Rther with weapons, garments, basket-are basket-are and utensils, are now under examination examina-tion at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Tho public will not to permitted to see them for some time, s they are being studied by Mr. B. T. B. !I!'de, the museum's export, from whom "o statement will be issued until his re-warches re-warches are complete. Other museums at Harvard, Pennsylvania, Chicago, Yaie and Denver universities also have their Wota of the mummies. But these institu-lll"is institu-lll"is will await the verdict of Mr. Hyde wore giving out any results of their own .i ruination. vThe bodies, although so ancient, have fcn excellently preserved by the ex-Jordlnarlly ex-Jordlnarlly dry air of the place in whicli !ivecl and were buried. Their hair Jns from what is called Titian to a "olent red; the hair of the babies and Wngsters is distinctly wav3r. ,A' least one important fact can be de-JCI?d de-JCI?d from this the red-haired Ameri-JIis, Ameri-JIis, whoever they were, did not como 'W Asia, as there is good reason for bo-liS bo-liS the American Indian did. Anthro-roiogists Anthro-roiogists have all agreed on just three eiM ,0f tlalr or mankind, existing and hi , Tllese types are straight black lr. Kinky hair and waw blond hair, blonrt diPS ot red are included in the word Hrp , d0 uot know yet whether these ii.W t!'pea originated simultaneously in We 'tvSt Rections oC the world, or whether Mp1, ? tol,owed another, hor do we know eiiwl tlle oldest or original type, if kvnmv, ?"Siu of mankind, a- matter in 'e dn i 1 disnute. be decided upon. But stock 0W. that the Asiatic, in its pure halr ' "variably possesses the straight 11 Uiat dld these People live and what was The b sed their extinction? Win lotion wo can answer at ficlal .TPart from tlie necessarily super-"amlnation super-"amlnation made of their homes as yet. They may have been wiped out by an epidemic epi-demic of disease and examination ot their withered skin and muscle and bones may reveal what this was. Or they may have died out through some weakening of the racial strain. Whatever the cause, it was not warfare. There must have been a period when the dwindling remnants of the 'tribe lived ln a great loneliness. In one of the caves the searchers found what may be called a page from the end of their volume. And it can be read in part. We know that the burial ceremonies of this people must have been extremely elaborate. They took their dead and placed them in "pot holes," which the. dug in the floor of their caverns. These pot holes they lined with a baked clay, and in them they put, doubled up and squatting, the body of the dead. Then they covered the cadaver with beautiful feathers and sometimes rabbit-skin robes, placing beside the man or woman or child arms, ornaments, dishes and toys. After that the bodv was covered with closely woven baskets, the taps of which were covered with sand and earth. Owing to the peculiar dryness of the caverns the bodies, Instead of decaying, slowly dried. "The flesh," writes Dr. George H. Pep-' per of the American Museum, "wasted away until the skin flattened on the skeleton skel-eton leaving the hair and eyebrows intact, with ears, nose and skin of the face and other fleshv narts of the body in so perfect per-fect a condition as to be sometimes almost lifelike." . ... In one case searchers found the withered with-ered bodv of an old woman crouching against the side of the rocky wall. Her hair still retained some of its auburn coloring The mummy squatted there, and even the centuries had not wiped out from, her face and her attitude the seal of resignation resig-nation and sorrow. They found in this cave seven pot holes, in each of which was a bodv one of them of a little child. The withered old figure, still sitting so patiently pati-ently had been the last of this family, perhaps the grandmother. One by one he had seen her mate, her children and her grandchildren die, and she had helped to place them away according to the customs cus-toms and rituals of her people. And at last she was left alone. There she sat and waited for death to come to her among her own dead. There was no one to bring her food or water, and when at last she died there was no one to give her the burial which had been afforded her own beloved dead. Was she the last woman of the red-haired red-haired Americans? , It Is not impossible, for had there been others living about her in any of the otner caverns Ihev surelv would have prepared her bodv. even as' she had prepared so often those others who had passed into the unknown. And if this were so, what must her loneliness have been? In all the world outside she must have thought that no other being like herself existed. Outside the cave were nothing but prowling beasts and perils. Someone has written that the most awful feat- one could feel would be to know one's self the last living person in the world and then to hear at one's door someone knocking. Anticipation of such terror this old woman of the red-haired Americans conceivably experienced, squatting squat-ting there in her dark cavern alone. The mummies of Grand Gulch form the greatest riddle with which anthropologists have had to deal. No other known race . has presented such perplexities. They were found while the workers were excavating exca-vating the cliff dwellings which originally towered along almost the whole stretch of the canyon for fifty miles. Invariably, when they dug down to tho cellars of the Cliff Dwellers, then dug through the floors, they would find that there were still beneath be-neath fllled-up caves in which a mummy or several mummies were buried iu artificial arti-ficial pot holes, covered with the most primitive basketry known. No pottery whatever was found with the remains. The only weapon found with them was an occasional atlatl, or stick-thrower or spear-thrower, spear-thrower, as they have been successively termed, of the most primitive form of the four types of this weapon. It was noted by experiment that the stick-thrower could be sent with Just power enough to kill a rabbit only. It was further noted that the skulls in the caves were long heads, while the skull3 of the Cliff Dwellers above were flattened behind. These and other puzzles have caused anthropologists to defer decisive investigation in hopes of getting more evidence on which to base conclusive facts. By common consent of the institutions institu-tions involved the problem has been left to Mr. Hyde to solve from the scanty material unearthed from time to time. It is doubtful if he will be able 'to point to a finality without organizing another expedition, ex-pedition, with ample means to clean up the whole gulch along its bottom. Such an expedition is certain to be formed and financed directly by the American Museum. The late Otis T. Mason, of the Smithsonian Smith-sonian Institution, took up one phase ot the problem which is regarded as conclusive. conclu-sive. He was our great authority" on basketry, and. ct first, the Grand Gulch troglodytes were named "Basket Makers." but have since been taken out of that class because basket making has ever been universal uni-versal from almost the beginning. He noted that their haske;ry was of positively the most primitive coiled type, as distinguished dis-tinguished from the more modern woven type. In this he was supported by Dr. George H. Pepper. He wrote as follows in his great work on basketry, published by the Smithsonian Institution: "Their baskets were of the coiled type made of willow, the bottoms reinforced with heavy yucca cord border, finished with ordinary coiled stitch, but in some the last inch or Copyright, by Star Cor.-.rany. u Dlammatic Illustration, Showing the Position of ' the Tombs of the Very Early, Lost Race Far Beneath lhe Later Cliff Dwellers Lonj? Familiar r .Sr,Vn, piaces. The canyon is from 300 to 70C feet deep, and iu msny places toward the lower end the bends are cut through by nature, making natural bridges. Under these bridges, in some case, are houses, and in such piaces are piciographs in the greatest profusion. "Ingress and egress is very difficult, tnere being not more than five or six places where even footmen can get into or out of tho canyon. Water is fairly plentiful. Springs occur at verv frequent intervals, running a short distance and J.nkmg in the sand, perhaps to rise again lower down. Wherever there are slopes a sparse growth of pinon and cedar oc curs; anout the springs are cottonwoods. In the Earlier Prehistoric Cliff Dwelling Were Found Seven Bodies with Red, Wavy Hair Enclosed in Basket Tombs and the Body of a Child with It3 Back Rest. Above Th em Crouched a Woman Believed to Be the Last Representative of Her Race, Because She Was Left Unburied. Jlt M.ItieIPthotSPh of tho Little Child of the Forgotten Race. mountain ash and hackberry; in snaked side canyons are mountain ash and back-berry. back-berry. The usual bush of the canvon is scrub oak. Canr-s or rushes cover the bottom lands in the vicinity of water. "This then was the home of the Basket Maker, so far as we know. The Cliff Dwellers practiced arrificia! flattening of the head, confined to the back, portion of the skuil. as pronounced in women as men. The skuil of the Cliff Dwollr was broad, short and flattened : of the Ca?':t Maker narrow, elongate and normal. The Urea.' BriUiia Rights Reserved. ("fl Dweler used the bow and arrow: the the burial caves is twenty-two feet in Basket Maker a throwing Mirk, th" nearest near-est neighbor of which is found in Chihuahua. Chi-huahua. Me:;ico, in form of the atlatl-There atlatl-There were other implements peculiar to the Basket Maker, one of which is similar to the rabbit stick used by the Hopi Indians In-dians to-day. "Th most striking feature was the absence ab-sence of houses raves ancl the muimnili-cation muimnili-cation of dead in pr holes under h-Ar.):fri The pot holes, lined with baked ciav were :fT lls ! mummies aba round. Jon;,- smce filled v. ith sand and 7rr: I'""'''4"'- rank below mnm- ?-,e" , T W'1"-lLKt". BolivK.., CXCa- r,", I. ,aln ,)r- Adolph l- Bandolier ' the American Museum. These Holiv-.. Holiv-.. os made pottery, a step in advance of ill'! t.askot Makers. The next higher type "T mummiej wero found bv Dr. Charles W. Aiead in (he r.--ion v e.,t 'of (be Peruvian ' ordi'lera. also for the Ameri'-an .Museum, also used for storing grain. The largest ot