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Show M'l PilEEiS ' WEME lHULlHi PEliS OF TOE WEST r ,j ' ' ; r 1 ' ' (Soke of the FOm tf , : 4 , '4. V -Kt-'w, Vi. .. . FATHERS OF WBA. t , .KV- r A " W ;- -i'UTE' OrrT'F i : Vgr5 ONC&)t v ' ''.ii -1" X 'I s INDIAN LL 1 nr 1 LIVED A ; " " ': J 4 ntf Much ' Difficulty Experi- S&fl J- TlF V ' V fW .SOUNTY Impress Natives. ' f I KK-? " ' ' By LEVI EDGAR YOUNG, ff 1 ' - if Vlw HO lessor American History, University i4-t kf ii V X V 5 - 1,13 polk v of tl.c early settlers of '.: ' , X V K 4 H X WW S 41 ? - f P Jj&? & lX V X N ' SX' " s 1 U,ah pam..c.S c.ose.y that of W!.- 4 v v - A , .ffVi ? ' XUX) - ? ' M lis,,, Torn, and the Quakers. Not f ? ' !lM ' " I I f tf I WW S X- T 4 V ' X s-il X" 'V - i0', x since the early clays in Pennsy!- WV ' N H ' ,f ?X 2 4' XiS " XHV IiiPl'XX; !xlsX .XXi- fe were sonic haltlca with them, it is true, y iff,-- - tV4lX S " 5i: ' I f X k k '1 ? W It. aJs v , 1 " a but as a rule the dealings between them -' , A s .- "A 1 1 ' . t fX n " " t "III and the whites were peaceable. IH I, , i J6" ( " V ,V s M v S f 1 t f f X .J BriRhani Young's policy, that it was . J , - v'- . V AiHiJ I 1 I X X - i S,t -X J X VK "? better to feed the Indians than to fight U J , j 4- .X"'" f k- ) , - ? i T XXi-' tH vJ them.- was carried out as far as possible, k , x 'f, V Vt v J Ulf ii J 1 , 4 ' ' 1w3 WW V U although at limes it was difficult to mi- W 4" V A?" - V 2 , -1 Vj:"X v XSfi'',i &T I I 1 4 V 5 WW '-VjV , press upon the natives of the mountains J i" 3 f U I -t 3 P- 5. Vf WW s - ''XJPt"! f - Snd plains that the pioneers wished them 4 ' " 'X " Xi?lf A H J fefV 4f tf J x t ffi V V X J no harm. For the first few years, while w?s ? 3 i . -'S II V 'A XJ XLTA' J Vv X f 1 I v I Utah was being seltled. Indians came con- - ' ? X ? i i -1 PJZ I I' 'Vl XX fe- "Cx ' J slantlv 10 the forts to secure gifts of food $' ' f - I V . i - ' V A B,Wi' 1 . -XX A. - X, V fV W II and clothing, and whatever could be given . . " , " J k. JW ' iST'S i 1 Vf . Ss X j2I - v A x W them was given. But food was scarce in T ' ' - g . $ f?- - ,rJX f -l 1. XXI A1! K "e.-" , sf tlie Mormon camps, and It was impossible NSX ' - 4 ? 1 1 yv s 4 ' 5X v w. j , l SJ ,0 respond always to the wants of the 1?' X X V' if vt ' J -- ) C - V X. t -H X X.X , M . J. Thief Washakie of the Shoshones once Xsi ,f ' C SVZ? UJJ , 1 1? tfXi v -V.Vn x X,rr I old the fnited States Indian commission- S.X - ' ! ' v t ' yW ' IPlF 'N 'C XXfXt vf I f XT Xrftf J -V ' X ' i sZZfIIOID er that the colonizers of the mountains XOV; j, . - J isJViJlJEMA 4 '.Jj- f V,xV , . JAf g H--h,t v lLU Interesting Report. kJj -Kf V X f : . Vth tXV'ntUans wXs'ePOrt " Sanpete count, a de trox ed one night enger fiom the camp o, Ranch on the -5.- & ! X XXXX I iT " An ,nteret,g report of Cariand Hunt The R'.ls ire rerarae ana distinct bv a band of Indian who et fire to Sewo, me, lode into the rarmnd of B ' .? ' rtPtJ! f S&WJvKi . ' 10 t.overnor Young shows ,,.. Hide of I Hans divideXnto six bXds cabins, barn mi h i tacks and r n oft ilium Hla k and announcel tilt a .2wX feti'i'X-'X - 't thing of the interest taken in those days each w tt . he ul chlel Xs follows The all the cattle pig and heep and 1 . lied meetm, w ould be held U tl e Indian camp g -S-fcU .ri T XM. f X',X In the Indians Chief A-oh-ka-sach: the Tabe-naches. Mann became the center of operattons in ted to I e p, :esent to listen oCmef I , JT X" - T s ' ,J think th ,t some of the rtahs and : CHef n t, nower-hiiin the Ciba- for the whites and to thl lt and KanoMl idlsc his wainois a to what 3 'irtUV . , 1 TSSiS:.-- .flwf;j Poh-lvimcs i-onld lie muclit to farm 1 ric feV nocked for tneii futu.e coin e should be ,,, ,ega,d 5 . VV W "2? J " ' " V i and U'a ipXatl "the haXX'X pan-ah-gos. Chief Wah-ka; the Pi-u-chas, protection to the Us . , . ,hl J I ?- 3 " S. ' J, . A ..g.Kultute I. therefore, had land ! ss gas ctM hs'- - - ' " 'led XX aFssH but 'occupy different localities in their ducted a company of the whites to the edn t . Jho d'"e" men had t ' ei f . v rl--Jr5',,,.- 7,-- Ncphi, in Ins report of June last, sent . ounlrv, which is west of the Rio del camps of he Indian wheie peace w .s the,, fa es V tinted an 1 the : men had the I ' '4 n, the names of about thirty who xoTrcV?,honvsdJVtxri. weassu he'es ! ix, Sssts fexfc A ;,ur'riar;h!;ig,'tos,!s;"; d;J,!1Xct,s,to1me;,1 5'2nU?.d m'd- 00 8hUla Urpool' mlSv J ' JT' i tne best fighters in the territory, both as r'Su'fB a nd the perolc The inven- The meeting was called to order and try, like them, to become loved of the eminent statesmen that the concilia- $ if ;JX &o -' lo r"h 0wlnK 1 , ,ie , K ' regards skill and courage. They are of a f""".' the Kanosh stepped into the center of the cir- spirit of peace and grow again to be tory course is bv far the most hu- !v vl - I const quence of the irrasshoimers. , revenget.d disposition and believe in the Vue st upon what is now one of the cle and spoke in the lite language. The children of the Sun, children of the mane and successful, as well as the T V 1 T ra'fmH 've l'roluce.l but little to . doctrine of retaliation in all its length and hX,i vallen of the state renllv e following is a free translation of the JJsht. most economical. f A,x , V . ' 4 Mow foi the amount of labor bo- ! breadth, ami never forget an injury. r' 'n''et " Brioham Young., wished to speech, made immediately afterward by Our white brothers show us how to I therefore appeal to vou. gentle- . K stowed upon them. . I hey are well skilled In the use of fire- . . , striking as viewed in the Mr. Black: " sow and to gather the good foods of men. to use your Influence throughout i " ' rA .,.! - arms and are generally well supplied with ffeht 0f the present vfilw of the count" Sons of the Creat Spirit I be- the earth. They have good wickiups. the territory lo preserve the policy of - Mid Improvements. Mfles. wh eh they handle with great dex- Ught of tne presuit value ot the eou t. ,o h.tVn ?0 me this dav tn and in those vickiups they sing and feeding and clothing the natives: of The u.oun.s of Messrs. Uaicb, ' o-;Xi"X'XtV S rPwn by these present, -od had ca setherries fXI nd, " n Xrf Oovernor Brig- BRIGHAM YOU NO Much Difficulty Experienced Experi-enced in Early Days to Impress Natives. By LEVI EDGAR YOUNG, Professor American History, University of Utah. T 1-115 policy o!' the early settlers of Utah parallels closely that of "William "Wil-liam Perm and the Quakers. Not since the early days in Pennsylvania Pennsyl-vania have the Indians been treated treat-ed with greater consideration than that Kivcn th-Mii bv the Utah pioneers. There were sonic hattlcs with them, it is true, but as a rule the dealings between them and the whites wore peaceable. Bripham Young's policy, that it was "better to feed the Indians than to fight them." was carried out as far as possible, although at limes it was difficult to Impress Im-press upon the natives of the mountains and plains that the pioneers wished them no harm. For the first few years, while Utah was being- settled, Indians came constantly con-stantly (o the forts to secure gifts of food and clothing, and whatever could be given them was given. But food was scarce in L the Mormon camps, and it was impossible J to respond always to the wants of the red men. ' Chief Washakie of the Shoshoues once Icld the United States Indian commissioner commission-er that the colonizers of the mountains were to rshare forever the lands of the hr.ppv hunting grounds in days to come, 'Tor," said he, "they feed us, instead of - fighting us." Interesting Report. An excerpt from ati early report on the Utah tribe of Indians follows: The Utahs are a separate and distinct tride of Indians, divided into six bands, each with a head chief, as follows: The Menaches. Chief Cone-a-che; the Capotes, Chief A-oh-Ua-sach; the Tabe-naches, Chief Aug-ka-power-bran ; the Ciba-riches. Ciba-riches. Chief In-sagra-poo-yah; the Tern-pnn-ah-gos. Chief Wah-ka; the Pi-u-chas, Chief Che-woo-pah. All speak the same language and are characterized substantially substan-tially by the same habits and manners, hut occupy different localities in their country, which is west of the Rio del Norte and north of the Navajo country. The Utah is a hardy and athletic Indian, In-dian, accustomed to endure much hardship hard-ship and fatigue. They are brave, impudent impu-dent and w arlike and a re reputed to be the best fighters in the territory, both as regards skill and courage. They are of a revengeful disposition and believe in the doctrine of retaliation in all its length and bread th. and never forget an injury. They are well skilled in the use of firearms fire-arms and are generally well supplied with tifles. which they handle with great dex-;erity dex-;erity and shoot with accuracy. Whilst tht-se Indians use the rifle prin-t prin-t ii nlly in both peave and war, the other wild tribes in New Mexico rely mainly upon the bow and arrow. The male Utahs wear long braided cues reaching -to the ground while the females wear . short hair. Dislike Labor. The Utahs have no idea of labor, especially espe-cially of agricultural pursuits, and regard it as ben ea tli the illgnit y of a warrior. They raise good horses, hut scarcely any beyond thp.h. town wants. They are expert ik in horsemanship, being excelled by no 1 ndians in New Mexico. They carry on h limited traffic with the New Mexicans in the barter of skins of various kinds, both manufactured and unmanufactured. Beyond this they depend exclusively upon the I'ha.se and the hunt for a sub- sistence. When this fails them, they have f no scruples in plundering the New Mexl- runs in order to make up any deficiency, or any others who may be journeying in their vicinity. T am i nd need to believe (bar t hey are well disposed towards the government and the people of New Mexico. Tliey profess pacific intentions towards both. This tribe of Indians a re nnt ealthy. t hough they are well supplied with arms and have a Mifficieney of horses. This tribe number from six to seven thousand souls and from right hundred to a thousand lodges. It is supposed that there are upwards of five hundred warriors! belonging to the different differ-ent bands. These India ns dwell In a rugged and mountainous country, generally well supplied, sup-plied, however, w'th wild game, consisting hi part or doer, elk and bear. All .species f game, however, are gradually dimiu'sh-hig. dimiu'sh-hig. and ut the same time growing wilder and more difficult to be obtained, as the Indians s;i v. Fmm Report of Commissioner Commis-sioner of Indian Affairs. JO Walker War. Notwithstanding the fart that the earlv sutlers to Utah were peaceable and tnendly to the Indians, trouble arose, great chief of the Ules. Walker, "'ipod War for two vears upon the bltey in Piah, Sanpete. Juab. Millard nnn Sevier counties. Years before the hl , e;imp t0 I'l:'"- Inriiar.s in a declared that the whites should in TUq in mountains and take worn them thpjt, hQmvii and iUIlUjn!r fi,!-ls; Thpr Wp'-C liowever. some in-fhumtuil in-fhumtuil chiefs who wished to make caCo w,th lllc einiRTantJ, tn- thp wept " they well knew that thev carried i.'-eo. b;.0on and flour. As carlv as m, i-. lnisl1 '"tove traders came among V!os a'Hl Bannocks of Idaho and car- ,"ay,a Rrcal '""v Indian children IV.I e l1,Vos of thpl11 none the cnl- ! -ondemnauon of this traffic in l bv Hr ci,.-,,,! mn(T r(sului, h a!1Korh;p lh? i Khuns against the settlers. n. thr bn-akinc: out of the Walker ,,,'V i!n of the territorv. a laree 111 0f tnwns- inchuhnc Fa-son. v',7,,p7r",'l. -nd somr of them wore destroyed. Sprintr 'ity. in ' Sanpete countv. was destroyed one night by a band of Indians, who set fire to cabins, barns and haystacks and ran oft all the cattle, pigs and sheep and killed all the poultry. Manti became the center of operations for the whites, and to this city and Mount Pleasant the settlers flocked for protection. The people underwent a great deal of suffering. In ls,l Oovernor oung made I peace with the Utes and personally conducted con-ducted a comoanv of the whites to the camps of the Indians, where peace was made. Thev were given presents and were assured that the whites had nothing but good will for them, should they smoke the pipe of peace. In the following year Sanpete valley was transferred by formal treaty to Governor Gov-ernor Young and the people. The inventory inven-tory contained in the transfer and the value set upon what is now one of the richest valleys of the state, really the granary that Brig ham Young;, wished to make of it. is striking as viewed in the , light of the present value of the county. Land Transferred. A copy of the transfer of Sanpete county to Krigham Young by Chief Ar-ropinc Ar-ropinc follows : Be it known by these 'presents, that I, Siegncrouch (Arropine) of Manti City, in the county of Sanpete San-pete and territory of Utah, for and in consideration of the good will which I have for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, give and convey to Brigham Young, trustee in trust for said church, and his successors suc-cessors in office, ail my claim to and ownership of the following described de-scribed property, to-wit: The portion of land and country known as Sanpete county, together with all material and timber on the same, valued ?la5.univ. horses, valued I '.) four cows. $120; one bull. ?-lu; farming tools valued at $10; in all valued $1 ."t!.7ti.j, together with all rights, privileges and appurtenances I thereunto belonging or appertaining. I also covenant and agree that I am ! the lawful claimant :nid owner of ; said property, and wili warrant and j forever defend the same unto the j said trustee-in-irust, his successors ' : in office and assigns, etc. i S 1 (.: J N E R OUCH f A R R O P I N E I . His X Mark. Witnesses; G corse Snow, R. W il-! il-! son Glenn, John Patten. J To give an idea as to how the Ute : Indians maintained their religious con- victions in their dealings with the whites and in their daily lives, wc have but to . recite the life of Kanosh, the peace chief of the Utes. Kanosh was one of the most noble Indians that ever lived. Reared in the mountains and having for a mother a most intelligent squaw, he dweit ever with nature. i Solitary Disposition. ! He grew to ha ve a solitary and oou-I oou-I tempialivo disposition and spent his hoy-j hoy-j hood days a mom.- the trees, roaming over the sagebrush deserts, and chasing the j rabbit and the wolf. To him Mount Nebo. white with everlasting snow, was the wickiup of i he Grea t Spirit, and in its sublimity its topmost point reached into the worlds above. K;i nosh learned to speak good English for an Indian. William Black, one ef the pioneers of the Sevier and Snipctc ; valleys, was a lifelong friend of this chief. It was Mr. Black who move than once m;'!o peace vith the Utes for Governor Gov-ernor Brigham Young in the early fifties. and when the Ulei under Gnu' Walker, waged war against the white settlers in Sanpete valiey and along the Sevier r! ver. Kanosh worked hard to ston t lie eonflie'. and sen! iris seouts to Governor Young, asking lli:'t pence might bo iv.r: with his poon'.o. Tito govo rnov resro- d bv landing William Black to trc:( wi'h Walker, and alter raon t hs oC work I e ladijns' vere filially prevailed upon to w down their aims and to ;ake up Gnd and culm no it. Mar.y of tb- whuop b-ad been killed and fields ot gram Ind hcn destroyed. One (iay in i he sprint of ! "., a mes senger from the camp ot Kanosh on the Sevier river, rode into the barnvard of ilham Black and announced that a meeting would be held at the Indian camp further up the river, and he. Black, was invited to be present to listen to Cmef Kanosh advise his warriors as to what tneir future course should be in regard to the whites. j Mr. Black responded. In a few davs the Indians gathered on the banks ot the Sevier and took their places round a large cedar tree. The men and women had their faces painted and the men had their hair braided and tied with buckskin strings, iney wore nucKSKin leggings ana had blankets of variegated colors. The women were poorly clad. They had many horses among them. The men were well armed with rifles and tomahawks. The meeting was called to order and Kanosh stepped into the center of the circle cir-cle and spoke in the Ute language. The following is a free translation of the speech, made immediately afterward by Mr. Black: Sons of the Great Spirit. I be-. be-. seech you to listen to me this day in the name of the Great fine, who gave us the mountains and the rivers, the woods and the game. Long ages ago our fathers lived happily upon the earth, for God had caused the berries and the fruits to grow and the corn and the squash. Indians Contented. Then came the deer and the buffalo, and the chiefs of the nations went and hunted them far and wide, and their wickiups were hung In the snow months with venison and buffalo meat. The fire turned the corn into bread and all were happy. They had much to eat . and all lay in their wickiups at. night and slept because thy knew only the law of peace. When the snow fell and the rains made the earth wet. there was no sorrow, sor-row, neither was there suffering. The beaver made their dams in the rivers and the wolf made his lair in the woods. There were many animals and all Indians had clothes of the rich hides of the beaver and the wolf. And the Great Spirit gave us happy hunting grounds and f ri each wickiup, around the fire, 'our fathers danced and smoked the pipe of peace with all the neighboring tribes. m But times ( hanged. The children of our fathers forgot the Great Spirit, and in their plenty they began to oppress op-press the weak ones, and there were war and bloodshed. Food became si'arcer and scarcer, and they began to fight. They put on the war paint and sharponei their tomahawks and poisoned their arrows. The liiriu of the Great Spirit was taken awav. and instead of their remaining re-maining children of the Sun. the1" became be-came children of the Night. Then we came, inheriting the thoughts and love for blood which our fathers hail. When the whites came here, sent as they were by their big ehicf who lives on the shoves of the ea. we fought them, for said we: "Thev take our lands." Times Changed. Son of the Spirit : The der and the hafuvo have left the stream.-, the wolf and ihe heaver are friendiy no more, a ml the sands of the earth gh e us i orr; ".- no Ion uer. The ?a ge and the bitter roots grow in the place o;' the com and squash, and we lw ve left our vs. kiups a r.d r-.:i nied m the far Part of ;bc old hearing mumis, but 'mye fonnd Mrrov and war instead of Some ii-oons ago t e whites iame n i:s. Wo foa-iht there, but in-'ead of ne.-.oe. Thev g.,e us food and ta -J-.t us The love of t' o G-.-i i Spirit. Tb.-y a re no -a i ' .c ': ", o." t o Tagh t . and not we. T'. our ian.'-. I" 'a.,, ih'-i;- ria- for: ; . a.a .-nd t:.e and ib.ir land.; are nnn bi;r .---- low of the sky. We should thank our God for the whites, and we should try, like them, to become loved of the spirit of peace and grow again to be children of the Sun, children of the J.ight. Our white brothers show us how to sow and to gather the good foods of the earth. They IiRve good wickiups, and in those wickiups they sing and pray, and tiieir God hears them. They are happy and we are in sorrow because be-cause we fight and learn not to love. We must learn to walk in humility, humil-ity, and clean our hearts. Our words must not be crooked and we must love peace and not war. Our hearts must be one heart and we must dwell together in the singleness of love. Then shall we prosper, and the Great One above will send to us the happy hunting grounds and fields of our fathers. The streams shall abound in fish, and in the forests the deer and the birds will be many, and we shall live In our wigwams filled with the joy and peace of the Great Spirit . Our hearts will be clean, our arrows will be red with the blood of the white no more, and all shall dwell together to-gether as children of the Light. Intense Faith. So Kanosh so spoke to his people and in a few weeks the whites of the Sevier river were assured that the Ules would welcome them 10 their la nds and help bring for them the reign of peace. It is easily seen t hat the Indiana had intense faith in their God. They were naturally religious, and even in ihe'ir state of barbarism they had a deep-seated belief in the Ruler of heaven and earth. The following message from Governor Brigham Young to the territorial legislature. legis-lature. December 11, l.SSo. gives sonic idea how t he Indian troubles were ha p died in early days: On the "d of September last three of oiir people were killed by the Yam-pah Yam-pah "labs near Klk mountain, at the set tl em en i on the left, bank of the Grand river. A party of the Shoshones ateo exhibited signs of hostility at Fori Briuuer. in Green River count;.-. Upon learning ihcse fads. I issued a proclamation lo the Nauvoo legion, the milliia of the territory, to hold themselves in readiness, and to send such force as mig.ht be considered ne -essarv to preserve peace, and to protest pro-test the et Cements and immigration on the roads. A party ardor the command of Robert Rob-ert T. Burton proceeded to the frl above named and remained in the vi"inity until the immigrating companies compa-nies had ail passed and 'he Indians had all K ft for tneir usual hunt among the hnffalo. We call on the military more to preserve pre-serve pea i e wi;h the na tivn ; be than to fi-ht them, as i; is well known that a s ihMant;;. n r7 foroe in their imna-itaW; tieigbborhood rarely fails to rheak t!,a;r d " a red a 1 1 on s. proven a 1 1 ieir ,'ihae an 1. jeia rab; . - err- suddenly In litis i or.r-ei'L.n:-,. prtrut n.e On o'- is'-r e that ,'f : i-o i v h i n i a ai : ei ;df d tor p. r.op - t;iii- ;'"i-:iil pu:ar-i tow-irds ladau. Shiee oa- s.-: leaai I m ' hr -e vr(1k"p f-houl i be saii-ia'-I'M-.- e- -auu e of its We w : : ";-s. ai ; i-.e s a roaivj j p - Pr. rl'nrf. tne (-:. of oar war pnpv Ml an a prnsr . m -' Vi t s rnr of n i r .a i f carnage and bloodshed, while our experience ex-perience confirms the opinion of many eminent statesmen that the conciliatory concilia-tory course is by far the most humane hu-mane and successful, as well as the ' most economical. I therefore appeal to you. gentlemen, gentle-men, to use your influence throughout the territory lo preserve the policy of feeding and clothing the natives, of giving them employment, teaching them to obtain a living by their labor, and exercising patience, pei severance and forbearance towards them, as well as care anu watchfulness. Quoting from a report of Governor Brigham Brig-ham Young to the commissioner or Indian affaire, in 1S55, we have this interesting extract: On the 7th inst. 1 had the gratifi-ra gratifi-ra tion of meeting lar?e bands of Shoshones (Snakes) and Utahs in council in this city, where they made a "good peace." which I hope will prove lasting. Required Presents. They came into the city during the latter part of August, had a ftiendlv meeting on the 2d inst.. and, of course, had to be fed and required presents: this I caused to be complied with as economically as my judgment could dictate, as will be seen by a portion of my own and Agent Hurt's vouchers. J You will at once perceive that not ; only myself, but the subordinate offi- vers of this superintendeney, find it impossible, as proven by our united j best endeavors and .judgments, to i carry out your admirable policy ; which we all most heartily coincide with except at considerable expense-hence, expense-hence, may I not rely upon vour powerful mediation with the next congress con-gress for appropriations commensurate with the justice of the case and the magnanimity of our nation? The colonists of Utah were constanllv admonished by Governor Young to trv to understand Die Indian nature, and to deal with him honestly and righteouslv. Said he in an addres.s In October, Any man who cheats an Indian should be dealt with more severeh-tnan severeh-tnan for cheating a white man. An Indian think it no sin to steal or to kill Ins enemy, because he has h'-en laugh; from childhood that, there Is no batin in Jt. but on the contrary thai it is a bra e ;i ot . Not so with t he whit- man. He has been taught from fn fri ney not to stea i or k ill. sa e in self -defense. Must Stay Anger. Walker will not kill a white man. nor co on a stealing trip to California, Califor-nia, until he offers sacrif ice to bis Gol. then he thinks he is doing right; and the rearon he has not done more in i be w fi r on the son t hern set tie -manl- is because lie could Pet no fin-swer fin-swer from his God. You. brethren, must lay aside your angry ffrj;s to-v-nrds them, and cease wishing to k:ll thfTi. A no: be'- ri o t rmarka Me m,i t --ms!i t eon on nuns the redmn is t bat given h Gv. erjior Yo..;.g in l when he s;i id : i.et Tar- nob ions of a -res of lnd iyniL. uaf'.e hp chen tn !. in-',ian.- for . t j s f:tifn and u.e. ,--t W. O"o:- lnr!!on 'r,r taagat th art of t I'-ibz.i t ion rtnd fo draw tneir ,-. n:-n e fiom the ami1!1 and "iir re sources of mother earth, and to follow the peaceful avocations of the tiller of the soil, raising grain and stock for subsistence, instead of pursuing the uncertain chances of war and game for a livelihood. I have often said, and 1 pay it now, let them be surrounded by a peaceful peace-ful and friendly influence and a humane hu-mane and benevolent policy. Thus will they be redeemed from their low estate, es-tate, and advanced in the scale of civilization civ-ilization and intellect ual existence. Under all conditions and circumstances the early settlers treated the Indians with justice and equity. At no time was reckless war indulged in, hut at all times the natives were approached with the highest attitude of Christian charity. The following letter to Colonel It. N-Allred N-Allred shows plainly how the people were eonntantly advised to treat with the Indians, In-dians, and in no instance to wren It vengeance ven-geance on them for some miscreant dcd; Your favor of the 11th inft. conveying convey-ing to me the sorrowful intelligence of the killing of Barney AYard and two other brethren by the Indians was received re-ceived by me last night and pursued with snd interest. I wan plenned to learn of the prompt measure you have taken to cjueil the outbreak and to punish pun-ish the perpetrators of these bloody deeds and also that you were taking ftepH to have plenty of fone with vou to make vour operations compara- Thought Whites Guilty. Yon do not st;tte what t h- origin of these troubles is; whether the Indumv have com men ed to shoot t i ie b ret h-ren h-ren and e'enl and destroy their --toe): without any provocation, or whether some of the white? which Ktrikes me ns not being Improhfl ht- ha"e bei-n infringing upon the Indians and have been guilty of a- v. hh h hae provoked pro-voked them to violenee. Thp betinr eour.se for you to pursue will be to avoid risk nag the lives of your men. and not rush into danger lh rough having a gre;, t e; nern ess to punish tin Indians; but to ke--p ;i strict wat e-( upon them, n nd be ho vigilant that they ran do no futther damage; and when any of thorn eornp in w here yon are trent I hem very kindly and ou will oon be ahlc to find out who the- off end rrs n re. Whenever t her-e bit 'er norm- within your lines never let t hem paj-s out fl g:i In. I.et tlK-m underHl a nd 1 ha t . wbl'e we consider simh outrage ;t l -Jop t r unbearable a nd v. ' w il not yabmit to tV-m. v.n have no d' ire to inflb t inn'i.-.ritninale icmisb ment ::pr.;i bOtil ihe tnnoront and the guilt' ahke. Tv naj.L t made to i t -rt a In V. hoffnlne fe;- f(,,- O'Jr ,i'.r-G''n as H a 3 fet-lin of respect ;,n honor for our merry. 1 An interesting report of Garland Hunt . in IS")") to tiovernor Young shows some-! some-! thing of the interest taken in those days i in the Indians. i Karlv last spring I was Induced to think that some of the Utahs and ; Poh -ban tes could be taught to farm j and to appreciate the advantages of agriculture. I, therefore, had land j marked olf for them, and designated s suitable persons to I nst met the in j how to work. Jeremiah Hntch of Nephi, in his report of June last, sent j i in the names of about thirty who had set In to work, bul many of them I were destitute of anything to nuhslst. i upon, and hunger had forced them ; I to leave the farm and go to I be ) mountains to hunt, or to the, creek a . to fish. Owing I o the grea t blight , . ' in consequence of the grasshoppers, ( our farms have produced but little to ; show for the a mount of labor bo- ' stowed upon them. j Good Improvements. ! The accounts of Messrs. 1 la I oh, MrFwvan and Boyee have been faithfully faith-fully rendered, and I thought il but just that they should be paid; for, though the crops are small, the improvements im-provements on the lands are not, lost, and will be of great advantage in preparing for a crop next weanou, and 1 sbnll be caret ul to hold theae improvements as agency property. I would take occasion to suggest here that treaties ought to be negotiated with these tribes, as early as possible, pos-sible, for . the litle to their landH, which are now held and occupied by tlm whites. It is a thing almost unprecedented un-precedented in the li 1st or y of our Indian policy to go into any .'tale or territory and make ex I en si ve and per ma nen t improvement s upon soli claimed by Indians without extinguishing extin-guishing those claims by treaty. This delay is not ouly uu.ju.-t to thp Indians, by depriving them of tlw-lr wonted hunting grounds. wit bout paying that respect lo their claim which Is due them, according to our usage with other tribes, but it equally so to the pioneer set i ley. who Is fonod to pay ;i constant, t ribut e to 1 he so wort bless oreit I u re , because they claim that the land, 1 1 wood. Die water and tie- grass ai tlieji-ft, and we have not paid them for these t hi Tigs. The t uuds wlib U would fall due these tribes by t bo negotiation of Fiicb treaties, If properly prop-erly managed, would go far to remove re-move from the people Die burden which 1b consequent upon their support. sup-port. Successful Policy. In conclusion. I would re ma rk that we have leason lo eojigra t u la "i OUISelVeB Upon (he Sljeecs:-; of Die effort ef-fort which have hern mad" to cultivate cul-tivate a nd usta in peaeefiil i-elv Doi ii with Da- nations t hiougbout the t er-rilot er-rilot y ; and when we look arouad and see to what a vast eyponse thq government has been in the 1 ndia u serviee jn the adjoining t eT i i t on -we are forced to conclude thai tbo poliey wbieh has been pursued in this is Die best that coubl bav be. udopu-d under Do- ri-ti rn r t a nee ,. He ieving Dia t where peaoe e;( n bn sustained at a P' expense than w.-r- It Is certainly mos ,, sirahle, ,-M,(, dally ifi a territory sr remote fi-oni the pa rim t eon n try and so ina-ee. sible to troops. Uib.e the old .b suit fa I hers a id I h Qunkerai who eame to Aim lir.i u u-n-h the Indians and to d.al with them in all Justice and Christian lm-n. Ihr. ,,io neers loul.erl upon Die native ,e( ,,,on Uitb Oil consideration, and with thai ,n sje.t whirl, K:iv n,,.,,, , that tlvy and not tlx while: u Mv. i hi oritrina; owners r.f the Foi. .;. ,. liw (.mabe,r. int. Ibe Mali pio,,,.,.,- ,, ''"l-'-'d 1 1'ad the Ind;;,, ,n ,,'rr of ' ivdiatio,,. Tb Indian wa-Maad wa-Maad and blanket., h ; , r f . ., , ,. rV i t h .U!--' (oc ; tbia ,.,;,. de-.hnir WMP '-'oiproeat-d )v Die Indian Hi ,tr-ham ,tr-ham oung was the William J'Lnn of tlie |
