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Show HOWTO REDUCE POWER LOSSES i ii Bra it Jt-jfjTert Says Dissipation of rV' Heat and Other Causes Absorb Seven-eighths of I Actual Driving Force. The average motor car owner will be startled to be informed that out of all the power that is generated by tile explosion ex-plosion in the combustion chamber, less than one-eighth is delivered in actual driving force at the rear wheels. Aston-ishins: Aston-ishins: as it seems, this is actually true. If, then, seven-eighths of the ' original power is lost on the way to the driving wheels, how vitally important is it for the car owner to sec that no further and J unnecessary losses occur during the I journey. I Taking the power generated in the I combustion chamber as 100 per cent, tve find thai the first loss amounts to 35 j.er cent, which is dissipated in the cooling cool-ing water. Another 35 per cent is lost I through direct radiation and in the ex haust gases. The exhaust pipe and muffler muf-fler accounts for a further 2 per cent nnd friction in the motor for nearly 6 per cent. Wind resistance uses up 7 per cent of what Is left, and 'there is a loss through ! the tires of nearly 4 per cent. The trans-! trans-! mission accounts for a further subtraction subtrac-tion of practically 3 per cent. As long as these power losses are kept at their normal proportion there is no cause lor worry, but let the car owner get careless in maintaining the vehicle and the losses immediately mount: upward up-ward in a geometrical ratio. Fortunately, Fortunate-ly, by taking heed, it is not hard to keep the power dissipation tinder con-s con-s trol, ns we shall show, sj ifirt Item on our list, power lost t Tough dissipation in the cooling water, j.f'can scarcely be controlled by the ordi- nary car owner. Within the past year "1 fcr; or two engineers have taken up serious-a serious-a "Vy the problem of reducing this item of r. Vtste. 14v means of thermostatic con-P con-P trit is now poss'.bel to keep the tem-U tem-U petaTurc of the engine at or near its 8 point of maximum efficiency. Heat is R Flmply a form of power. But unfor-M unfor-M tunately the nature of the internal contra cont-ra bnstion engine prevents more than a 0 certain degree of temperature being I utilized, because beyond that point the oil Wlm, the protecting lubricant, would be broken down and the engine would be quickly mined. However, by the use of thermostatic devices, designers have been able to reduce the amount of heat, which means power, wasted in the cooling cool-ing water. Practical Advice. What he can do, however, is to see that there is no leakage from the engine. en-gine. This includes gas leakage, ignition leakage, oil leakage, etc. The gasketing of the cylinder head, if there is such, must be good all the time and there t must be no leaks at the plugs or pet-I pet-I cocks. In gasketing the head, he sure to see that the gasket itself is perfectly clean and is mounted on clean surfaces. There must be no nicks or dents in metal or gasket. The head must, be tightened carefullv to avoid springing. It is admirable to give the threads of the spark plugs, valve plugs and any other threaded device in the engine a thin coating of stove blacking, which prevents or stops leakage and also makes removal of the parts easy at any future !time. It must not be forgotten that the various vari-ous accessories and devices located on and driven by the engine, consume power; pow-er; in some cases as much as 6 per cent of the total. Add to this the Inevitable In-evitable friction generated by the various vari-ous moving parts of the engine and we get a tidy total. The car owner cannot cut down the consumption of power here, but he can keep it at its normal , point by seeing that all these parts and accessories have a' liberal quantity of lubricant of the proper grade and qual-itv. qual-itv. The careful studv of and attention to the directions on the lubrication chart i . are the safeguard here. ffV . Again, carbon deposits 1n the comhus- 4J.ion chamber are excessive wasters of I ?sjwer. A vigilant eye in this direction . aiJXremoval of such deposits before they haveNa chance to reach serious propor-I propor-I E tions is necessary. In some cases owners f! W who have excessive carbon trouble may ' I be well advised to install a water feed- ing device on their engines after the cyl-J cyl-J inilers have been thoroughly cleaned. Wa-B Wa-B ter injected this way in the form of steam tends to prevent the formation of carbon deposits In a clean cylinder. I There is one form of power waste that I Is not to be excused, and that is through 5 the use of too rich a mixture. This slm-H slm-H ply means tYint more gasoline than is noc-I noc-I essary is being bunied up and going out of the exhaust, possibly even in the form of liquid. And what is this but the most I direct and criminal sort of wnnte, which i the owner can stop any time he desires. e Criminal Waste. l'i In addition any liquid fuel in the com- '' jj bustion chamber may work down past the v I piston rings, into the crankcase, and I there contaminate the oil and increase the loss further by lowering the hibricat- 8 ing efficiency. I The clutch wastes little power as long g R as It is running properly, but the minute S it gets out of order and slips, it. fairly 9 burns power up. Keep the clutch prop- crly adjusted and lubricate the thrust G bearing and throw-out collar at stated u Intervals. A burned or dry throwout col- jt gj lar may cause a drag and. In addition, i 1 may m'ake clutch operation and gear 1 shifting difficult. 3 The transmission inevitably wastes iy 0 some power through friction, but if this t- ft tin it is not kept well lubricated anfl n properly running, it becomes a prodigious i waster. When there is any derangement ! in the transmission, bearings worn, shafts i. out of alignment, etc.. power wastes are Q enormous. Trouble in the transmission RJ should never be neglected. M Next In line come the universal?, and H these must be kept packed with the B Proper lubricant all the time. The rear K- axle unit must be at least three times Ej a year cleanetl out witli kerosene and ? have fresh lubricant. . When anything t;oes wrong with the rear axle, its enn- i sumption of power is almost unbelievable. hi thh connection the wheel bearings , nnio. kept in good condition; jack up xjn lff7r,'Ilr wheels and try them occasiotl-ijy occasiotl-ijy lo see that they move freely. t In the tires, the owner can help power losse3 by keeping them pumped up to the pressure recommended by the maker. The wider the tire the more power it takes ' lo carry It over l lie road. coiTsenuentiy the need for keeping the ensinsrs fully in-hated. in-hated. Also, this very important item of 1 maintenance preserves the tires end cut 1 down the bills. I There hardly is any ned to mention : to the eNpt'ritMK'cd tuotorist that brakes I which are n M fre will drag agamst the i'drum nnd literally eat up gasoline. A ,--trake drag is so easy to dis'Mvnr simply 1 Jack up the wheel and spin it around, : listening for a scraping noise as it spins. |