Show He vigorously protested against teaching children words and phrases they did not understand insisted and repeatedly upon the substitution of real experience with natural objects as a fundamental beginning of : all instruction Pestalozzi wrote that: “Man’s knowledge must be founded on sense impression Without i it is this basis but empty verbiage fraught with more danger even 'than ignorance for the future happiness of Examples of : can be seen man 11 Pestalozzi!s instruction based on “sense perception11 in relation to arithmetic language geography and other In arithmetic he worked out tables of units and tables of studies fractions to aid the children in visualizing the relationships numbers Children learned their geography and geology on long be-tw- een i walks at Pestalozzi’ children s side Upon their observations would reproduce pupils also played with movable J by L E 1874) p H Pestalozzi Holland and F 171 barren Colburn1 s returning from the field letter on a clay relief trip the map His blocks so that they might obtain Gertrude Teaches Her Children (translated Swan Syracuse New York Bardeen’s Inc How C First lessons in Arithmetic on the Plan of Pestalozzi published in 1821 ranks with The New England Primer and Webster’s Speller in historical importance because of its emphasis sense objects in achieving intellectual arithmetic upon exhibits more clearly the influence of the movement than other subjects Practically all reforms in geography method which emphasized field trips in the home environment can be traced from Pestalozzi through Salzmann Ritter Guyot and Geography Colonel Parker Rousseau-Pestaloz- zi |