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Show KpaltfL. Beatify &rVW4nd TUq lip me ' Right Care for Woolens By Airs. Christine Fredericks The Distinguished Authority on Household Efficiency. N?T only has the price of food soared tremendously since the war. but textiles and clothing have in-rrasd in-rrasd in cost from IS to 40 per cent. The great demand for cotton and wool for war needs has lessened the supply for civilian use. Any purchaser of woolens will be amazed at their price, and so II behooves the woman in the home to take good care of wool garments not only to prove her patriotism, but also to save her pocketbuok. Wool is an animal fibre and Is, there-tore, there-tore, sensitive to temperature, chemicals and friction. Viewed under a microscope each fibre is seen to consist of small, overlapping over-lapping seams. Now, any treatment which twists, shortens or coarsens these fibres naturally affects the garment of which they are a part. Tt Is, therefore, most Important Im-portant to know how to wash and care for woolen articles, so that the fibres wi'I shrink as little as possible and stay soft, thus niiiking the garment give more comfortable, com-fortable, longer service. Winter underwear, sweaters, hnhy coa's, caps. leggings, flannels, etc., are either nearly all wool or mixtures In which wool plays a large part. Kvery one knows that most washed woolens very rapidly become harsh, losing their nap and softness. However, How-ever, It is not necessary that this occur, for woo'ens may be washed carefully and remain like new for a long time. In general gen-eral the following rules will be of great Don't use cold water or water of varying temperatures. Both wash and rinse in water of about 110 degrees or a little hotter than tepid. Don't rub soap directly on the article, but uso a soap solution made by boiling shaved soap into a jelly. Don't rub or twist hard, as this knots the fibres and coarsens them. Don't use a soap containing alkali. Use enly a mild white soap and soften the water with a small quantity of borax. Don't take too long to do the work. The. Quicker woolen articles are washed and dried the better. Baby clothing Is largely flannel, and any woman can keep It soft and pretty by following fol-lowing the above rules. Place a quantity of the soap jelly in the warm water, dip In the garment, then "Jounce" or "souse" tt up and down, using the tips of the fingers until it is clean. Rinse immediately immedi-ately In equally hot or even warmer water and hang up quickly. In the hanging stretch the garment to the natural shape and p!n carefully. If It Is underwear or a similar garmeu't. which is likely to stretch too much to the length pin it horizon'aMy, which will thus Increase In-crease the width. Into whatever form the garment is stretched while wet It will naturally dry. A great deal of shrinkage of wool clothing Is due to faulty stretching rather than anything else. To wash successfully a sweater, child's coat, leggings or shaped articles, do not rub in parts or little by little, but try and keep the entire garment together, so that the weight of one part does not drag, and thus pull it out of shape. Do not wring, even with the hand. Squeeze as much water as possible out by pressing on a board, and keep the whoie article In a heap. Cover the kitchen table with a light pad fastened on with thumb tacks. On this lay the partly dry garment. Take great care to keep the bottom edge straight and lay the corners square. He sure that the sleeves are stretched to the correct length. Place the (laps of the pockets straight and so thnt t! ev do not sag. Then, with large-headed large-headed pins, ' i the entire garment onto the pad and ali.iiv o dry. If the day is sunny and warm it may be dried outside, but generally near a radiator or stove where the drying can be done slowly and evenly Is preferable. On no account should such shaped articles ever be hung up to dry, as this stretches them badly. When the article is dry It may be brushed over with a clean whisk broom or hat brush to raise the nap and make it true of long-haired coats and leggings for children. Some articles of wool, as a blanket or heavier quilt, can even be whipped witli a beater for the purpose of making them fluffy. In some cases, also, a woolen garment may be passed over lightly light-ly with a warm iron, without any pressure, merely to prevent it from looking so rough. In general, however, woolens should never be really ironed, merely pressed, as even low heat scorches wool. ' fibres quickly. Children's caps or any rounded article should be stuffed, with clean cloths wKile drying to retain the shape. In every case it is the hand-shaping of woolens a3 well as the hand-washing that makes fur good appearance, as thus far no machine washes woolens successfully, and it is the finger manipulation and deftness which gives good results. To make an excellent washing solution shave a small cake of white soap, dissolve In water and heat at a low temperature. When cold add borax. Use small quantity in warm wash water. Another good solution call's for a large cake of w-hite soap, four quarts of water, two tablespoonfuls of borax and a cupful it , ,-" ; . -Vv i f ' - - - y 4 8B '4 " - I 1 . S . IS . t 4 ' " "The most winsome smile would lose half its charm did not the parted' lips reveal the pearly surfaces of well-kept teeth." Photograph Posed by MISS MARION DAVIES at CAMPBELL STUDIO of wood alcohol. Cut the soap into small pieces and heat in the water until dissolved, dis-solved, then add alcohol and borax. This is excellent for blankets, sweaters and foiled outer articles of every kind. Clothing Cloth-ing should be linsed well after washing . in this. Although most woolens can he cleaned In water and still look shapely and soft, it is sometimes advantageous to use a dry method, particularly with fine children's caps and materials like albatro'ss, challis and such extremely fine woolens of a delicate deli-cate color. Of course, all dry cleaning with gasoline or benzine must be done in the open air and absolutely removed from any flame or source of beat, or there will be danger from an explosion. Benzine is preferable to gasoline. It should be filtered first through chamois or flannel to remove moisture and sediment sedi-ment or it will not give good results. Use it just like water and rinse in clean benzine. ben-zine. Use a brush such as a small, soft nail brush on very soiled parts. If there are spots of grease these should be removed re-moved carefully first. Apply water and white soap to food spots, as even benzine will not remove these. Another method of dry cleaning is with powdered magnesium with enough benzine to make a soft mass. Spread quickly over any spot and rub well. Leave a short while and then brush off and air. It need hardly be mentioned that good mending lays a foundation for a clean garment. gar-ment. It is especially necessary to mend wool before washing, otherwise the fibres will wear apart by the friction. Underwear Under-wear and other garments may be neatly darned or patched with soft-finished cotton cot-ton or special worsted mending wool. It is surprising how an oid sweater may be first darned, then washed and shaped Into a good appearance again. Indeed, care of woolens will we(,l repay, because, unlike cotton, wool does not tear readily, does not stain so badly, and if given good treatment treat-ment will wear until it almost disappears into a thin web. When the price of woolen articles is high the woman In the home or the business busi-ness woman should learn to make her supply last longer by proper care. It is quite possible that by mending and washing wash-ing efficiently the f.ve-doliar suit of underwear under-wear she can make it last longer than the two suits for which she formerly paid half as much, but which she allowed to shrink, pet hard, and which she threw away before be-fore they had given her maximum usage. A Well-Kept Mouth By Lina CaValieri, The Most Famous Living Beauty. THFKE are at least fifteen different kinds of germs in the mouth, among w hich are the pus germs or staphylococci staphy-lococci and streptococci, the bacteria of tuberculosis, and other organisms which reed only a small abrasion or cut in the fums to force their way into the scarlet stream and set up Infections there. it is because of the presence of these bacteria that it is absolutely essential to keep the mouth clean. The film of tartar on the teeth should especially be removed not only because of its unpleasant appearance appear-ance but because it contains many germs, produces heat and prevents the air from free access to the gums just adjoining Jhe teeth. This green film upon the surface of the teeth should be removed daily by the tooth-brush, using, if necessary, bicarbonate bicarbo-nate of soda or baking powder. About once In six months the dentist's brush should administer a thorough cleaning to the teeth. The tooth-brush, aided by a proper cleansing agent and an occasional visit to the dentist prevent such occurrences as inflamed in-flamed gums.' The alkali in the form of baking powder or bicarnonate of soda not only cleanses the teeth, but also neutral-' izes much of the acid in the mouth and destroys the work of the bacteria which have produced it. The dentist will remove whatever tartar the tooth-brush could not reach, and thus do away with a nest of bacteria on gums and teeth. With such constant preventive care there need not occur gum inflammations onH Tlllc fnrmoHnno n A . K nr. -J IP other forced means of injuring the gums are not employed, there is no need to worry about losing the teeth the Dresden china of the mouth and the stalwart de- ' lenders of the stomach against "Indigestion" "Indiges-tion" at an early age. Such nuisances as toothpicks should be kept far away from the gums, for as these are permitted to dig in they form grooves in the gums, and create crevices between the teeth, which afterward become difficult diffi-cult to reach and to cleanse. Tiny particles parti-cles of food then get Into these crevices, the bacteria start operation upon them, acid formation begins and the beginning of pus formation and gum inflammation is cn its way to counterbalance whatever nuisance was prevented by the toothbrush, tooth-brush, alkaline and dentist. Just as toothpicks Bhould be avoided, so should be shunned the hard tooth-brush. This scratches the gums and makes them sore and causes them to bleed, and also scrubs the enamel Instead of the dirt off the teeth, and thus helps to expose the inner, softer, part of the teeth known as dentine. The rapid wear and tear of the pearly construction then begins, and its ' rapid degeneration dates from that time. No less an evil than toothpicks and hard toothbrushes Is the Indulgence in very hot soup, tea or coffee. These serve to make the gums sore and to burn and inflame them. They should he moderated in tem- perature as the brush should be softened J in hot water, and a silk thread substituted for the toothpick. It is not the gums alone which suffer from frequent lack of these preveptlv measures, but also other parts of ths mechauism because of the genera! lowered resistance of the tissues due to gum inflammation. in-flammation. Such ailments as Bright"! disease, tuberculosis, du.beies and an appearance ap-pearance and feeling of old age often result re-sult from the absorption into the scarlet stream of pus gorms and other bacteria which find a haven in a mouth filled with, dirty, decaying teeth. - V. If the teeth, moreover, are not kept V clean, there appears, in time, an unnatural N redness, softness, spongy look of the gums and swelling and pain are present. Pus most frequently forms in such gums, and sometimes It can be squeezed out from th tiny pockets at the edge of the tooth, closed by a tiny whitish bead on the gum , rear It. When this happens Riggs' dis- j j case is most likely to be present. . If Riggs' disease is allowed to progress the Inflammation extends downward, along I the membrane and hard covering or ce- I ment which covers the roots of the teeth. j At this stage of the development of ths disease, the gums recede, the roots of the teeth become exposed and the teeth ultl- I mately loosen and drop out. I Although Riggs' disease may also be du to accident fevers or special unlooked- ' for-affections it is most frequently due to ! slow deterioration of the health of th gums. The gums, it is true, most frequently lose their strength and become feeble front , lack of care, but sometimes a poor dentist does much to bring about Riggs' disease. ' Ill-fitting crowns and bridges are a great menace to the gums and often result in the formation of pus, as do stumps of teeth and half-decayed roots which are attempted at-tempted to be Baved by crowning or ara permitted to remain in the mouth. An unsound crowned tooth Is always In danger of encouraging the formation ot pus, and should therefore be guarded by means of the X-ray. This modern saver of health and disease-detector points out the exact condition which the invisible part of the tooth below the gums hap- ; pens to be. Teeth in which the nerves have been killed, whether crowned or not, should similarly be treated by the X ray for possible discovery of pus formation at the edge of the root. While this pus forms the tooth does not necessarily ache, and some times years pass by before any definite result is noticed. By that time enough pus has probably been absorbed by the scarlet wf- 'stream to produce a general breakdown In health. It is for this reason that such teeth should regularly come under ths penetrating X-ray, so that if they develop any pus at their roots they might at ones be removed and the sockets thoroughly cleansed. |