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Show HUN SUNSET REFLECTS. NEW V. S. RAINBOW IN DYE CONTROL rnrr . : -f-:ip f fj ' frirri---v )w Ajfe --- By Charles K. Weston' t ' ' ft ,- C ?.1MiC f-"cd during- the we:-. Fast colors pniod of nor U- than ten .! after VTOW that the military autocracy for worW supremacy with tb. Kal- I- v' , ' J. W rW'-L IMfftW have enMre,y disappeared from the the war by a system of import lU-ense, 1 , , . . , , F ' 4. 1 1 3 ft Vr'.vr'--market and in many cases fugitive and its tinanoi.il support ;o manufac- of Germany Is beaten to its knses ser's commercial lemons. Q f ZK V:' &ty Mr& colors are beinff substituted. The turor who want to ,o i.io .pecial and the victorious Allioa have pre- Whatever the German propagandists h w l' J $jb 'fAJf0A iMffii complaints are many and in must lines 01 industry. In a rcci m address- tented their terms of armistice, what may say trulhfully about the world f , ' " '771 nn ''- 14 i'- i"',v cases are probably well founded. Some made bi-foiv the o of Commons, is to happen when the great Teuton monopoly which the German dye man- V - K s V X ' " A i'i --T fi"v'"-V' say that the American dyes are not Sir Arthur St:jnh-y ouUiiu-d the plan V chemical and explosive establishments ufacturers had before the war besan, ' fthl f " good as German dyes. As a mat- and R.lv.rt P anmv th, American V. 4 - t - -;V''..-:vi.:v' f,r$, h i-' A M h S V'' 'VK-V.iv ter of fact, type for type, thev are cor.sil jrcr.eral at London, nas sent again turn their attention to the enor- and whatever they may say in a spirit S.,,. -l:- -r-- - v id U t;, Vilut :r:',.,::: nnnl hnt ihek tvri,th, uQC ,i a formal .-,..nrt u, :ho 1 r. ;;ed States By Charles J"OW that the military autocracy of Germany is beaten to its knses and the victorious Allies have presented pre-sented their terms of armistice, what is to happen when the great Teuton N. chemical and explosive establishments again turn their attention to the enormous enor-mous fields of pre-war trade which they held so securely? Can they win back that absoluto domination in the dye trade which pave them a stranglehold on our textile, tex-tile, leather and other dye-consuming industries? Can they divide the world up into water-tight compartments by their system of selling- dyes not to be exported, so that they can put up the price to one nation and down to another? an-other? In other words, can they once more reduce the world to a condition of industrial slavery as regards the industries in-dustries that depended on the dyes "made in Germany"? Let us never forget this that Germany Ger-many had an absolute monopoly of dyes. Our textile and related industries, indus-tries, with their 3'1,000,000 spindles and 730,000 looms, depended on dyes. The number of wage earners engaged in the cotton industry alone numbers more than 4uo,(M0. The capital invested in-vested in this industry is about $)00,-0U0.000. $)00,-0U0.000. Tin; annual output of goods is worth $1,500,000,000. including gray goods and colored. The dependence on dyes in also true of Lho woolen. , silk, leather, paper and other dyestuff-consuming dyestuff-consuming industries. Vjs. ProWiir German Monopoly When war started in 1014 the world was at the mercy of the German dye manufacturers. Itcmomber this no matter what competition there was In Germany for OerriK'.n 1 radc among German dyo firms, there was never any competition for otit side trade. There was the closest eo-operuliun on the part of the German dye monopolists monopo-lists to squce.e tho outMdo man. yiand together against, the. world, maintain Germany's monopoly at all costs, was the poii- in Kaiserland. The American business man in 1014 was shocked inio a realization of his 1 industrial peril and dependency. He awoko willi a vengeance. Chemists busied themselves in their laboratories. laborato-ries. Far-sigh ted businass men began to plan for indurrtrk' I liberation from tho thrall of tho German dyo men. Great explusi e companies, like du Pouts, of 'ilmlr.-:tuu, be;;an to delve into a nd sol vo G erman dye trade secrets. j AVhal is now the result? "When the German master mfnds of the dye trade survey the held of their former commercial triumphs they will tlud that t lie old Corman monopoly-ship monopoly-ship of ilyes has been "spurlos ver-v ver-v tsuuUt," sunk wilhout a trace, and that in Its stead the new mn.it rn Ameri-f Ameri-f can-built and American-manned dye j business has (ii'uwn to full proioi tions and wants nothing better than a fight K. Weston for world supremacy with the Kaiser's Kai-ser's commercial legions. Whatever the German propagandists may say trulhfully about the world monopoly which the German dye man ufacturers had before the war began, and whatever they may say in a spirit of hope about a return to this world control after the war, there is one great outstanding fact to hearten the American user of dyed fabrics ; and that is that the American chemist has, beyond question, solved the dye problem. prob-lem. America's Answer American dyes, equal to any German Ger-man manufacturers ever put upon the market, are now being produced and it remains only for the manufacturers to so ordr their affairs that they can successfully meet the German competition compe-tition which a return of peace will bring. The collapse of the dye Industry, when the source of supply was shut off in 1914, brought American chemists chem-ists to a realization that only a few of the common colors were manufactured in England or In the United States. In all there was not more than 1U per cent of the total consumption manufactured, and they were absolutely abso-lutely dependent upon Germany for a supply of virtually all of the most important dye products. The importance of these products cannot be measured by their own tonnage ton-nage or their own money value. It went, far beyond this. It meant that even the overalls of the worker could not be properly dyed; that the commonest articles of clothing cloth-ing needed by millions V American families were held up; that business after business faced failure in turning out its products. In fact, all of the Industries and all human beings in civilized countries pa'y toll in one way or another to the dye industry. These facta, brought home by the shutting off of the supply, were incentives in-centives to immediate action. This country ancl all other quarters of the globe were raked and scraped for supplies. sup-plies. Textile production was curtailed In every way possible, and both producers pro-ducers and consumers were aroused to tho immediate need of a substantial remedy for such a humiliating situation. situa-tion. The answer to the dye problem Is tho same answer that was. made to tho munition problem. The compelling compel-ling forco of the country's needs brought It at once. Build dye plnnts. In time of war prepare for peace. The Da Font Industry Many chemical establishments throughout the country began to do Just this thing, among them the great du Pont organization, which turned ;ts energies in full to solving the dye problem. The chemical department tvas expanded until it numbered S00 trained men, and on the banks of the Delaware, in Xew Jersey, at Deep water Point, on a site adjoining the famous Carneys Point smokeless powder plant, there has been erected, at a cost of more than $10,000,000, the most modern, IVt equipped and largest Looking over the great dye plant being erected at Deepwater Point, INT. J., by the Du Fonts, one of the ' new industrial enterprises that shortly will make America independent of the German dyestuffs monopoly monop-oly that has existed for years dye manufacturing establishment in the United States. The du Pont Company Com-pany had never before been in this particular branch of the chemical industry, in-dustry, but it had plans to build up the dyestuff industry in this country. In an announcement made a little more than a year ago it set forth that it had at its disposal: First. The necessary raw materials for the manufacture of coal-tar dyes, products of this country and free from European control. Second. Chemical and engineering organizations second to none in magnitude mag-nitude and scientific attainment. Third. Unequaled plant and laboratory labora-tory facilities. Fourth. An adequate commercial organization. With these as the groundwork the 1 1 r : 7: via l 1 ; ! h -'U o 'J pL A r h t v f v s o r 1 $ J H V t i " v 1 i H r Hf 1 v . - & K "ii , k - . , H i-ower houses such as ttiese at Ueepwater Foint, i. J., typif y the new power tiiat IS America's as a heritage out of the war construction of a plant was begun and many of its units are now in operation turning out dyes superior to the German Ger-man products. "Little has been said in the commercial commer-cial world about this plant because its output has been taken over by the Government for the use of textile manufacturers who are supplying uniform uni-form and other cloth for the army. With the cessation of hostilities this supply can be turned into commercial channels and the plant can be expanded ex-panded at onco because labor, which has been almost unobtainable, will be released for such enterprises. This plant covers an area of a full square mile, and up to date includes Seventy separate and distinct buildings. It is but a short step from explosives explo-sives to dyes in days sueh as these, when explosives are complicated chemical chem-ical combinations whose ingredients arc. in large part.Vho bases of the coal-tar coal-tar dyes. These coal-tar dyes have supplanted natural coloring compounds a the newer explosives have sup- planted the original gunpowder of the Chinese. America, with her men and munitions muni-tions of war, helped to save the world from German military domination; through her dye industry she is equipping herself with the munitions of peace that she may be free from German commercial domination. She had been successful in the first; success suc-cess in the second was to be expected. The bases from which most of the military high explosives are derived are obtained as by-products of the coking industry, and from the same source are obtained the bases , from which are manufactured intermediates interme-diates and finally the dyes so much needed today to supply virtually every other industry. This is the reason why all these industries tit corrffort- p:-,flrTii;r'w. vit'TWA. wr ably into the general organization as separate or closely allied units: Or, in other words, take the letter Y: one fork represents the explosive industry and the other the dyestuff Industry, the base being the same for . both. Endeavors have been made in' the early propaganda to fix in the minds of all the logic of development and the strength of the foundation upon which it rests. There was. of course, a substantial opportunity, but the real question was who wa,s best qualified to take advantage of it. In Great Britain it became a governmental govern-mental proposition and the same will probably be true in France. In this country governmental aid was never of course, are very different. The first announcement of the decision de-cision of the du Pnnt Company to build an indigo plant was made in July, 1914. Within four weeks the maximum maxi-mum outpu; of the plant was engaged by the textile industry for a term of yars invic- a price arrnngem; nt equally satisfactory to it and its customers. cus-tomers. The company had never produced pro-duced indigo and had only just started to erect the plant; the amount involved in-volved went well into millions and the responsibility was very great. It is now delivering indigo against these contracts; the product is equal in every respect to the best that was ever produced in Germany. The capacity of the new plant will meet all of the needs of the United States and Canada. Next in importance comes the "vat des," a group of fast colors for cotton. cot-ton. Formerly all colored cotton goods with the exception of indigo dye fabrics fab-rics were looked upon with doubt and suspicion. The introduction of these vat dyes revolutionized an industry: the United States was the largest single oonsumk' in the world, the reason for this being' that manufacturers of coarse goods in this country adopted the idea that the best way to develop and increase a demand for American cotton fabrics was to use colors, even for coarse goods, equal to any which might be used by the manufacturers of the finest fabrics. For example, soma of our largest cotton mills made a fabric known as chambray, which was used for workJngmen's shirts. It was a bright blue color and every one is familiar with it These shirts retailed as low as fifty cents. The color is indestructible, in-destructible, hence the economical value of the garment Is doubled, trip- iu aim 4ua1.11 UJCU. i Ilia IS OOiy Oil'? fabric; it goes through a whole field of colored cotton fabrics; draperies, awnings and the olive drab army uniform uni-form cloth used before the war wcro made from these vat dyes. The Industries to be served are cotton, cot-ton, woolen, silk, laathor, paper, paint, etc. All of these industries have suf fered during the war. Fast colors have entirely disappeared from the market and in many cases fugitive colors are being substituted. The complaints are many and in must cases are probably well founded. Some say that the American dyes are not so good as German dyes. As a matter mat-ter of fact, type for type, they are equal, but the trouble has been and still is that pre-war standards of fastness fast-ness have entirely disappeared. The big object of ' American manufacturers manu-facturers is to help these industries to get back as soon as possible to their pre-war standards of fastness. The questions, Can we compete with Germany? Can we hold the trade? and Can American manufacturers sup-pert sup-pert the industry? are now uppermost in the minds of manufacturers. "We Can Hold Our Own'' Morris R. Poucher, head of the dye-stuffs dye-stuffs sales department for the du Pont Comjany, answers that these questions are pertinent and all will have to be met, but he said most positively: posi-tively: "If we did not believe we could hold our own we would not have started. I am not unmindful of the .fact that the establishing of tin's industry in-dustry in the United States, and particularly par-ticularly by this company, means fighting fight-ing against Germany in her most zealously zeal-ously protected industry and in the one industry in which her workers were recognized the - world over as leaders. Right here let me give you the opinion of an eminent authority on conditions after tho war. In the bulletin recently issuer by tne Guaranty Guar-anty Trust Company, of New York, under the caption of 'The Inspiration ol Adversity,' I find this sentence: " 'In her present temper France re-tunes re-tunes to consider the possibility of resuming re-suming purchases of materials in Germany Ger-many as before the war, and she is so confident of what our feeling will be after more extended contact with the ' common enemy that she believes we Shall gather buy from her than from (.Germany. Whatever may be the hopes of mankind with respect to the political polit-ical league of nations after the war, it is evident that in France, as in England, Eng-land, there is a disposition among financiers, manufacturers a nd business busi-ness men to eliminate Germany when proposals affecting economic relationships relation-ships are under coiisideration.' England Develops Her Own "It seems to me that this is extremely ex-tremely interesting- as showing the drift of American thought, but we must cherish no illusions about t lie patter. Indigo and the vat dyes and m!iy other products which are not now), manufactured in this country are V-bsolutely essential to the various va-rious 'yonsuming industries. Trade standai'fc.'s of fastness were based upon the' llse of theso products. After the war t1e manufacturers will get back to th'yr pre-war standards, nnd the only qu'slion will be as to the source of su.ly. Our whole effort in this enterpr-lv'e is to so shape our affairs that consumers will have neither reason r'K' excuse for ever again buying fronT Germany." Jt.ngiand, too. is oc eiop,ng ner dye industry against the iimo when . Germany will seek to fioine into the market again and English manufacturers have oppeajp-d to their Government to aid v)l0,n-The v)l0,n-The British Government ha? already al-ready made plans to protect t - iiCA ly . established Industry fur- .' period of no: iess than ten years after the war by a system of import licenses and its fiiiaiiei.il support ;o manufacturers manufac-turers who wa nt 10 : into special lines of industry. In a rca r.t address-made address-made before the liense of Commons, Sir Arthur Stanh-y outlined tho plan and Knbr: P. Sliinmv, the American consul gcreral at London . has sent a formal report to the I. r,i:ed States Government on the sui ieer. Sir Arthur Stanley speaks of the manufacture of syniiuiic dyes as the most important of what are known as the key of "pivotal" industries, and he reviewed tho efforts made by ..the Co eernmont to build up the industry in-dustry by giving financial support to m a n u f ; i c r n r e rs v li i we re ha r d hit aitvM- the German supply was shut off at the beginning of the war. Ho said that plans were beii.g ma c to give further financial support n nd that a dye commissioner had been appointed who would undertake to help in the development of the industries along a II lines. "Because of our anxiety that this industry should be kept free from a ny possibility of cont rol from any foreign source after the war," he said, "and so that this particular par-ticular industry may become as rapidly rap-idly as possible seif-supiiO-.-tint; in thia count 1 y, wo have indicated to the dyo manufacturers certain proposals which we are willing" to agree to with them. In the first piaco, we are proposing pro-posing that: wh.'M'o a manufacturer of dyes v.-ill midr-.-.e.ke i ho manufacture of special dyes, and where he is not in a position to secure the necessary money to provide for extensions to building a plant, to make a loan at a fixed rate of interest, in no case be - in less than Ei per cent. The Question of Licenses "Whero extensions ixf plant and! buildings are necessary immediately, and where there is difficulty, owing to the excessive costs, of mulling these extensions, the Government will make some provision to mer t tho cost of these extensions. It is also proposed to make certain grants in respect U research v. ork." Speaking of tho question of licenses, Sir Arthur said: "There is a further proposal, and that is that, in order to safeguard this particular industry h gainst the great efforts which German dye-making firms are. certain to make after the war. we will adopt a course which I believe T am right In saying waa carefully considered by a cabinet committee com-mittee of 1 1 to la.st Government and recommended to and approved by tho Government of that day. and which has since been approved by tho present pres-ent Government. It Is that importation importa-tion of all foreign dyestulfa shall be controlled by a system of liconses for a period of not less than ten years after the war." He added that the Government would have to be consulted In many proposed amalgamations or the varl ous.ye manufacturing companies and said that the Government would virtually assume control of the dye industry so as to prevent, the formation forma-tion of enemy monopoly nnd the possibility pos-sibility of foreign inl re-sly securing f ,L- -.j k.w-. -- - -- -.S , 1 ' ; - Co.utruciiou work sliU is going on in the Deepwater plant, where not only indigo, but the more ea.ily manufactured vat dye, ar, te:ng turned out m quantit.es sulncicnt to a8-.ure tJte eucee, of the new ina,.t-v a , i , war for commerce which will follow peace 'accor m the; wond of |