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Show IBDOSSEO BVLEAGUE War Secretary Efforts to Enlarge the Nation's Military Forces Find Favor With Leaders in Movement for an Adequate Ade-quate Defense. NAVY PROHRAMMF IS NOT APPROVED Resolutions Adopted by the Security Congress at Washington Pass Almost Unanimously, After Many Statesmen Give Their Views, WASHINGTON, Jan. 22. An in- -dorsemeut of Secretary Garrison's efforts ef-forts toward enlargement of the nation 'a military forces was voted today nt tho National Security league, with the reservations res-ervations that the regular mobile army should be even greater than that contemplated con-templated in the war department plan, and that adequate national defense would depend ultimately upon "universal "univer-sal obligatory military training and service." A greater building programme pro-gramme for the navy than had been out lined by the navy department was urged as essential in another resolut iou adopted. Steps to co-ordinate the work of the various organizations seeking greater armament was indorsed aud it was understood un-derstood tonight that definite plans had oeeu made tor a general consolidation of such organizations iu a defense league, with Kobert Bacon, former secretary sec-retary of state, as its president. Others to Enter League. Besides tho National Security league, societies expected to enter the new organization or-ganization include the Navy league, tho Army league, the American Defenso society so-ciety and the Aero Club of America, aud many others which have joined iu tho movement for preparedness. Adoption of the resolutions followed Indorsement In-dorsement of Secretary Garrison's pro-pra pro-pra mine as a first sound step toward adequate preparednonn by Elihu Root and Henry L. Stlmson, hot h formor secre-tarlen secre-tarlen of war in Republican administrations. administra-tions. At a banquet tutilKht. concluding the three-day meet his of the lcaKqe, Oeorpe W. TYh kerslm in, attorney general In President Taft's cabinet, advoca I oil universal military service and Immediate repeal of the law under which the national na-tional guard would be r-nlled Into .sendee in advene of volunteers. Other speakers at the hnminet were Senator Lodge of Massachusetts, ranking Up publican member of the foreign relations rela-tions committee, who discuHscd "America's "Amer-ica's Danger," and George Haven Putnam Put-nam of New York. Resolutions Adopted. A Frt of i-fsnlut tons, drafted by a coin-mlltno coin-mlltno nf which Lultc K. Vri;;ht, former spf-rPtHry of war, was. chairman, whh adopted u lmost una ni mows v. Tiiev follow; fol-low; B It rrsolvi.-d, Th:it Die drfonsfc of the I'nlted Sihu-k depends upon an adequate n.-ivy nil J si miiioiial army founded upon j-.'Mem of universal uni-versal oMiiaj t(cy ni'li i j y 1 1 h i n i ng and servjee. this Nsiein must be wholly under the dis Ipliiu Hud control con-trol of 1 h nat ionii 1 a ul horii !. 'e d"ireeate all .steps whP b I ' nd io obpt met or post pone f be (id opt ion of 8 ifh a universal ryU'm. Thu t the Nil t ionii I Seeurj t y le,'t,"ue lnrrrsS the rfforts (f S'"Ti'lijrv (,nr- risou to 0:1 1 h in an iurii.in M the rer'ilin a 1 my. the correij. n ,,r u,Jr fa nit en I si incut law, the U -li.su-rnent of .'in ndequale r -:,ir mtny reserve and tlie u aim ul:. Don of mi itdfjuat" b"p. v of a mm unit ion. a r-tillTy r-tillTy and rn;i ! erbi 1 ; but v. e U lb-vo that in addition to tlie proposer oi"t;i r.f const artillery and fiuxiliarv troupe t be rri'd'i'e J ' i"ilar h rjjiy wi bin t be mited States HbouH romt i l:-r. Hi 1-a .ft f"iir .':!, pl'-'e inr.intry dr. isinns, ns re- 'iinir.i ri'Yd by th.- v.;ir colle-,.-r"port of l's'io. Council of Defense. ThM toe National Security leair.ie rejoin nr-nos tlie authorization by ron-rrt.-ss of a -ouneil r,f national Oefem.c. a. fi'-l forth in house hlii No. ..". 3 of thp flr.t pp.'-vdon of the sixty-third conuTrsfi, tommnnly known as the (Continued on Page Twelve.) iiOHSEG Bf LEAGUE (Continued from Pago One.) Hobaon bill, for the purpose of securing se-curing more harmonious co-opruatlon hetween the executive and legislative branches of the government with respect re-spect to the national defenses. That the National Security league commends the establishment of a navy aderpiate to conserve the national na-tional interest in conform i ty with the following recommendations: That the personnel of tiie navy be Increased In-creased in conformity with the requirements re-quirements of the fleet as interpreted hy the general board of the navy; t hat there shall he established for the navy a general staff, similar to the general Htnff of the army, aa is customary in all other navies of tho world : and that the National Security Secur-ity league indorses the programme of July HO, 1915, of the general board of the navy and urges its immediate adoption by congress. Fundamental Factor. That a fundamental factor in the problems of preparedness should be such intensive mobilization of the productive. Industrial and commercial fo-'ces of the United States as would insure in time of war the contribution contribu-tion of their fullest resources, at a restricted profit, to be regulated by the government. That In view of the fact that the great Interest in national defense throughout the country has created a number of local and national or-; or-; ganizatlons aiming to increase the efficiency of our military and naval service, the National Security league Immediately endeavor to avoid the overlapping of the efforts and energy of these organizations by seeking effective means f unifying and co-ordinating their activities The onlv vote against, the resolution ad-i ad-i vocatlng "universal military service was cast bv William A. Ketcham of Indianapolis, Indian-apolis, "who said he represented the governor gov-ernor of Indiana. Mr. Ketcham objected vigorously wdien the chairman at first announced an-nounced "that the resolution had been adopted unanimously. Although officials of the league would not indicate tonight what degree of deflnlteness had been reached In the negotiations for amalgamation amalgama-tion of the defense societies, it was understood under-stood that the Na, y league and several other bodies already had agreed to come 1 in and that Mr. Bacon had promised to ; accept the presidency of the new organization. organi-zation. Extensive plans lor a combined campaign for preparedness already have been made. It was said, and steps taken toward raising a J50.000 fund in New York and one of a like amount in Philadelphia Phila-delphia for a sinking fund. Wickersham's Address. Mr. Wickersham in his address tonight emphasized the necessity of wide publicity, pub-licity, saving he saw no hope of a chanse In ihe policy of the nation "until the weakness and unfairness of our - traditional tradi-tional system Is more sharply brought home to the people. "At the threshold of consideration of national defense." he said, "must be an , inquiry into the duty of civilians to render ren-der military service to the country in t imes of paA as well as war. Tn no other way could we more effectively rid the nation of the incubus of our accursed system of bounties and pensions than by the establishment and maintenance of a system of universal military service. "But the practical question now presented pre-sented to the American people is not the immediate adoption of such a system. Our military and naval authorities, botli civil and military, with the high authority author-ity of the president of the United States and the secretaries of war and navy, have clearly put he fore the people a statement of our present riellcieneies. Failure to Provide. "The condition of our coast defenses has been sharply put before us by the report of the chief of that service, and we are told that artillery costing upward of $41,000,000 is without a man to protect It: that the old system of relying upon the states for voluntary military support, under the act of congress, which provides that one-half of the coast artillery shall be furnished by the states, has failed, as It always has failed throughout our history, his-tory, to provide us with anything like the stipulated quota of men. "That law should be repealed, and that other enactment of congressional folly, approved May 27, 1008, which provides that the organized militia shall be called into the service of the United States in advance of any volunteer force which It may be necessary to raise, should also be repealed without delay. U is strange that any intelligent student of the history of our country should oppose the plan ol military organization which involves placing the sole control and discipline ol the forces under the federal authority. It seems incredible that any responsible member of congress at this day should advocate a continuance of that divided control which in the past has cost the country dearly in lives and property." Declaring himself in favor of compulsory compul-sory universal military service as the true solution of the defense problem, Mr. Stimson said he regarded the programme now advanced by Secretary Garrison as the" sound initial step. Tf congress is no; ready yet to sanction sanc-tion universal training," he said, "the measures which are enacted should be those which, so far as they go, are in accord with this great fundamental duty and which, as time passes and experience ripens, will lead most naturally to the establishment of such a system. "One of the propositions which is being be-ing seriously, urged before congress is that we should pay our state militia from the national treasury and should attempt to develop them into our federal citizen army while they still retain their legal character as a state force. "Under the federal constitution the national guard or organized military ic primarily a state force instead of a national na-tional reserve, and I dp not believe that any effective national citizen army car be created out of a force dominated by forty-eight separate sovereignties. For nearly, fifteen years strenuous efforts have been made by the federal government, as well -as hy the state authorities, to increase in-crease the number of the guard, yet it has remained nearly stationary. Traces Militia Defects. "It seems to me that these defects can be traced directly to the fact that the national guard Is in faet a state military force, which we are also requiring to do duty for the national government. So long as such forces exist the states are tempted, to slur their police duties and to rely wholly upon citizen soldiery for that purpose. "What is even worse, there has gradually grad-ually grown up a mong our laboring classes the feeling that the only soldiers with whom they are practically acquainted acquaint-ed represent a different class of cue community com-munity and are maintained for the pur pose of being used against them. Instead In-stead of .regarding the militiaman as a citiach training to .perform his duty of defending the country in case of real war, the laboring man lias come to regard him as ' a. representative of capital, being trained as a policeman against labor. -"Finally, this liability to state police duly has tended to slrape the term of enlistment en-listment and the training of our militia to the disadvantage of their function as . national troops. Instead of being trained 1 through brief but continuous periods of intensive work1 with the colors, and thereafter there-after being left comparatively free as re-; re-; servists. the militia are held to comparatively compara-tively long periods with the colors under a system -of weekly army drills, a system which Is not only the least effective way of teaching a man to be a soldier, but alo tends, from the length of time during dur-ing which it imposes a continual though slight obligation upon him, to discourage enlistment. Question of Pay. "The national guard is, other than the regular army, our only present force of even partially trained soldiery. Nothing should be done to discourage its work, but. on the contrary, everything to stimulate stimu-late and encourage It. But such encouragement encour-agement should be in the direction of transferring it wholly into the service of the federal government and not of perpetuating per-petuating it in its present status. Particularly Par-ticularly to grant federal pay to the individual indi-vidual mili tinman for his weekly sendee rendered to the stale seems to blur the sreat lesson which is emerging from the i European war. It Is to yield again to the theory that we can induce men to serve their country, not as a duty of patriotism, but for pay."- Mr. Slimson indorsed as "sound and intelligent" Secret ;i ry Garrison's plan to bring the regular army up to its proper basis, but added tun t. personally, lie thought the regular army now should be made larger still. Referring to the recent Mexican border t roubles and the demands of many for a punitive exoedition, Mr. Stimson said "it. is conceivable that at almost any time the hands of our government may be forced by some su-h emergency, yet at the present day. with the great bulk of our army massed alone the Mexican border, bor-der, we have only -".oon troops there available for such an expedition, and, nndr sober calcula i ions, the Mexicans have fa r more armed mpn and trained j trnops available for n punitive expedition 1 into our territory than we Into theirs " i |