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Show Whst fch.- lali5iirpiy,i'Vlnign jiftr th. War? Duke of MarichfeP y "M? ; r JC v- 1 WHAT is going to be .done about the excess of Eng- useful lives, and a possibilii rM ... - " . . - . . ..- I . lish women after the war? work, sleep and recreation, v Wfj - II Already before the war the excess amounted to sequent efficiency. It will CTS, some 2,000,000, and was increasing steadily. We have a crime to suggest that su W -1 ' ""-""" already 130,000 men dead from the flower of the nation be weighed, should be V jf s f t - 3 and about" 130,000 permanently disabled, and I fear be- bearing of children ; but lL " 'f fore all is over that we must face the loss of nearly a not wilfully shut their 3 jm JOT i-1 t" million and a half of British breadwinners and potential In every rank of ) B J r- x " '- "J fathers. ited to the amount tl f "'"fT -5 " 1 j What is going to be the result after the war? the parents, from tk M I 'rT"''' , J , Jf There are two principal effects that have to be con, whom children are an JfS. i'K'- Z C ' ' W-5' sidered. The future generation and work. It is almost the future, and who, T ? ' j ' , ' , . j impossible to consider these questions separately, for in of a childless marri L V .-"?' - " "V i 1 these days they are absolutely interdependent, and yet scale, to the other e ' , , , 1 ' 1 ""l all conditions will have changed so much after the war children at all becat fl fl 1 J ' 1 that we must examine the new factors in each question There is a great Z . .. V y , 11 r 1 before coming to the joint future. , either avoid marria; . - 1 ",V ' S What is going to happen? - ' with an absolute-vi i' I VykjS , "W' 1 Ifr Some three million men are going to return, after some luxury or com iS ,- " ' ' Vt, -t, r ' " " ' - V J months of open-air life, in a condition of physical fitness class that have mo - " S , ' " ' ' " " - which they did not know was possible ; with an outlook provide for the chile k. k J broadened to an incredible extent, with minds that have and comfortable sui " been toned and tuned by constantly facing death. Now, as we all kn - 1 " . J r,o nnA ' WHAT is going to be .done about the excess of English Eng-lish women after the war? Already before the war the excess amounted to some 2,000,000, and was increasing steadily. We have already 130,000 men dead from the flower of the nation and about 130,000 permanently disabled, and I fear before be-fore all is over that we must face the loss of nearly a million and a half of British breadwinners and potential fathers. What is going to be the result after the war? There are two principal effects that have to be con, sidered. The future generation and work. It is almost impossible to consider these questions separately, for in these days they are absolutely interdependent, and yet all conditions will have changed so much after the war that we must examine the new factors in each question before coming to the joint future. What is going to happen? Some three million men are going to return, after months of open-air life, in a condition of physical fitness which they did not know was possible ; with an outlook broadened to an incredible extent, with minds that have been toned and tuned by constantly facing death. Is the clerk going back to toil with bent shoulders on an office stool for a pittance, after, perhaps, leading a platoon or a comnany in the field? Is the sergeant going back to be an agricultural laborer? the lieutenant on company sergeant-major a domestic servant? or the victorious vic-torious soldier to the factory or mine? A Some trades and professions, of course, they will go back to, but the conditions of all forms of work will have to be materially changed, although there are going to be thousands who will seek a different form of employment em-ployment with more responsibility and more freedom. And women in the meanwhile are working. They have found that there is practically no form of wage-earning wage-earning that they cannot do, and do satisfactorily.. Will those who have just made this discovery go willingly to rearing children in cramped and cheerless quarters? Some may, but most will not. Yet the wastage of lives must and will be replaced, :4 and the enormous increase of our trade after the war must be seen to. Women will undoubtedly, in enormously increasing numbers, continue to be wage-earners; men and women must earn higher wages, have a higher standard of living and enjoyment, and yet child-bearing must increase and infant mortality must decrease. How is it to be done? How are women to rear chil- ' dren, feed children, husband and themselves, and yet keep their jobs in factory and office. The answer seems to be of necessity one word cooperation. co-operation. The co-operative dining room, the co-opera- tive nursery. Think what a difference to the bulk of the population just these two tilings would make. The clean, wholesome food in light, clean, bright rooms, prepared by trained cooks, instead of badly cooked, badly served scraps in a dingy kitchen. And then the saving of expense ex-pense in the buying of large quantities instead of in ' ha'porths, in the fuel, in the .preparation aDd in the productive pro-ductive force of the workers properly fed instead of starved or stodged, j Then the children, what it will mean to the rate of infant mortality to have the babies hygienically looked after and fed is incalculable, and that is an enormous fain to the country, when we pause to think that more babies die every year than the total of our killed in the Avar to date. Add to these co-operative laundries, and you have broken the back of domestic work, and if, as is sure to come in time, we have proper dwellings in towns for working people not the dirty, gloomy tenement of former for-mer days, but bright, clean, tasteful fiats, with hot water and heating from a central furnace, and electric light, which, on the co-operative plan, could easily be run at a prii'e to suit modern wages, and .domestic drudgery would be practically done away with. y You have the foundation here of clean, wholesome, useful lives, and a possib work, sleep and recreation sequent efficiency. It wil a criine to suggest that su be weighed, should be bearing of children ; but not wilfully shut their In every rank of 1 ited to the amount tithe ti-the parents, from tk whom children are an the future, and who, of a childless marri: scale, to the other e children at all becai There is a great either avoid marria; with an absolute- vi some luxury or com class that have mo provide for the chile and comfortable sui Now, as we all kn men and women are asset of the high value to a nation, t after the devastati war everything v have to be done to make up the wastage. But what is it going to be? I have heard polygamy very seriously serious-ly discussed as a probability, prob-ability, but I don't suppose sup-pose we shall really come to that in the near future. t I suppose, also there will be no softening of the savage illegitimacy laws, although, undoubtedly, un-doubtedly, when women have the vote, as they surely will, some of the flagrant unfairness to women of those laws will be made more equal of incidence; but at least without any moraL revolution we could offer to the fathers and mothers the ' maximum of facilities and inducements. The lessons of the past show that nature does her best to restore the balance when war has decimated the manhood man-hood of a country, and though, I believe, for physiological reasons that will not be so obvious ob-vious after this war, still, it is sure to take place. So to counteract the excess of women make the next generation as large as possible. Next Week the Duka of Manchester Will Contribute Contri-bute Another Article in HU interfiling Scries. ft I . . r ' f " . 1 r n r 4 ifv 3 ' i iV1"' - ty ? i - f J U - Vf h h ' H, - f f, ' i J ' , t 'J if s t ' "' ' ; - ' i . ."1 I j l - ' - V , r V 1 l,V '4 " - t r V " ? t' ' ,r'x ' " " LV , I - ' ' I 1 - fc 1 t t , r 1 f?f 1 1 - "r, t t f. j ' i ' rs : l " " r " ) L--if ; ' - . LiL.... - . .- Jp Pho ro ujcf oat (S'f & B. wood a y Englishwomen Now Working as Fire-Fighters. They Expect to Continue This Hard Duty After the War, and on the Right, Miss Betty Wilson, an Englishwoman Serving as Sergeant in a Home Defence Cavalry Corps. ConyrJsM, IPIfi, by the Star Company. Great Britain Rights Reserved - , V 1 j - -.v .'.' .. ... t j , f 1 ' - ; 'i -A i y z' : r -i i r ' v-t . " , . -1 yyy-yyyyyyyyh y ByMyM'yiyyy y y . t$ yny.?,: s yjt:. y :y j - j - V f "-'It 1 - ; I 4 r -j , " Frenchwomen Loading Coal on a Train in the Absence of Men. Will They Do This Work After the War? Does Yellow Make You Feel Like Laugking? AT a Chromo-therapy Congress, recently re-cently held in Tokio, announcement announce-ment was made of the result of a series of experiments made on persons afflicted with mental and nervous diseases, dis-eases, and oa persons in the hypnotic state. it was found that by far the largest number of people responded to yellow and red lights, and the classification classifica-tion was so astonishingly exact as almost to afford a new diagnosis for disease. Of the persons who were above the normal sensitiveness to light rays, it was found that more than 70 per cent were easily excited to laughter under a brilliant bril-liant yellow light; that under a violet light 72 per cent were found easily responsive re-sponsive to sympathy and many wept; and that 93 per cent were conscious of bodily stimulation under a scarlet glow. A certain small proportion, less than 6 per cent, were made scornful and irritated irri-tated by the crimson light, but these could not be stirred to sympathy by any phase of color. The color of brown conveyed to most . of the patients the sense of fear, and vivid blue caused the effect of nervousness nervous-ness and perplexity. The greens operated oper-ated in very curious manner, the light apple green being restful, the vivid greens causing irritation and a sense of annoyance. annoy-ance. A powerful absolutely white light increased energy, and a rose-pink light gave the feeling of indolence. When, however, the question of translating trans-lating feelings into color was tried, the results did not tally. Still, 41 per cent stated that when they were merry they thought of yellow, and 60 per cent declared de-clared that a love poem conveyed to i them the color of red. A highly nervous person, therefore, especially if melancholy, melan-choly, is apt to feel more contented under un-der lamps with orange shades. The yellow yel-low light of candles is more conducive to merriment than the blue-white light of electricity. In a hypnotic trance, the lights operated oper-ated most powerfully. Extremes of opposite op-posite emotions were caused by the mere changing of lights, and the passage from pleasure to terror was induced by the whirling of a colored isinglass screen before the powerful calcium light that was used for the experiments. It haB been known for some time that certain rays of lights, the ultra-violet, for example, ex-ample, are very helpful in curing certain forms of skin disease, but the value ot light and color in mental diseases is a field as yet comparatively little known. |