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Show . ' ; HV I, WIPLOMAdY IN TIME of peace - 9 H demands from Its followers the I M exercise of extraordinary 1 mJ' finesse and the possession of un- i limited knowledge of tho intricacies of civilization; In tlmo of war, the i diplomat needs to be almost a superman, super-man, so exacting and complex are the services which he Is called upon 1 to perform for his government. n Tact, courage, patience and many other cardinal virtues combined with capability to do good, hard work and , to bear In mind a million details aro tho qualifications of any of Uncle I Sam's ambassadors and ministers nowadays. Do Wort Other Than That or Pure Diplomacy. ' Helping the oppressed, distributing I relief funds, aiding in feeding thou sands of helpless prisoners and por-I por-I forming all the tasks connected with tho operation of war far away from 1 tho nation's main office, constitute a few of tho demands mado upon our i envoys. Whllo the broken relations with Germany, and tho strained relations with Austria and Turkey, havo diraln-1 diraln-1 ished the actual number of our rcp- i resentatives abroad, they havo also 1 affected an Increase of work at tho i capitals of the Allied nations. And ! while It Is true that these official rep- ( resentatives of the administration are 1 simply obeying instructions from ' . home, It Is nevertheless a fact that 1 1 they are often, perforce, entrusted l with tho country's destiny and that ofttimes their actions Influence the welfaro of every citizen In the States. v' i 'ucraru's uurn in ucrmanj. EH James Watson Gerard, our former HjjH ambassador to Germany, has been B called ono of tho ablest diplomats H America has ever produced. In thoso H trying days beforo President Wilson H dissevered relations with tho German H nation, affairs had to bo handled with H tho utmost dolicacy and tact, H 1 Mr. Gerard displayed a diplomatic H " acutcness that was never baffled for a H second by the methods employed In H tho Wllhelmstrasse, He handled all Hl the diplomatic notes which President H Wilson addressed to tho Kaiser and H never allowed the German. Chancellor H , and his associates to "put ono over on H him." unawares. H Besides looking after tho American Interests, which the Kaiser thought H llttlo of jeopardizing, and undertaking H to help all American citizens to leave H Germany, Mr. Gerard was also In- H trusted with tho affairs cf Great H Britain. When It was said that Mr. H Gerard was tho most hard worked H man In Europe thcro was llttlo exag- H gcration In tho statement. H Mr. Balfour said of his work that H ho handled a difficult situation with B "zeal, efficiency and. tact," and this H was deemed a great tribute; for tho B British work at tho outset of tho war H formed an extraordinarily heavy bur- B den tho most important part of which though by no means tho only part was obtaining decent treatment for British prisoners. His efforts along this line were fruitful of results that no one else perhaps, could havo obtained ob-tained so well. Ills task also Included the care of British civilians in Berlin (Copyrisht Harris & Ivwin) Thomas Ncbson Page, U. S. Ambassador Ambass-ador To Italy. and other German cities and ho supervised super-vised tho dispensing of all American funds for relief of his countrymen. On Mr. Gerard's recall from Berlin, tho British work was taken over by Baron GcVcrs, Minister from The Netherlands to Berlin and tho American Ameri-can interests were given to tho chargo of the Spanish Ambassador there. While Mr. Gerard was having a strenuous time in Germany, our minister min-ister to Belgium, Mr. Brand Whltlock, was passing- through the most trying experience of' his life. Mr. Whltlock had witnessed some battles during his Ufo as a newspaper man and had participated in ono when he ran on tho Independent ticket against four other candidates for tho mayorship of Toledo; but ho never had seen, nor will see again perhaps, such a conflict con-flict as that which ravaged peaceful Belgium during tho first year of his resldenco at tho American Legation at Brussels. Whitlock's Trials In Belgium. During thoso summer days when tho German troops Invaded and ravaged rav-aged the country of King Albert, Mr. Whltlock was doing a hundred things at once. Besides hustling American citizens out of tho danger zonc for it was vacatlon-tirao and many were Increased Work At Capitals of Our Allies More Than Doubles the Diplomat's Burden - TacU Courage and Patience Are Essential. Copyright, 19J.7, hy Tbo International Syndicate. summering at- Oetend ho was protecting pro-tecting the Belgians; In so far as possible pos-sible and helping to obtain Justice for them- at the hands of the Prussian governors -who had them in charge. lie Got Food For Deported Men. During the deportations, which von Blsslcg inaugurated in October, 1916, William G. Sharp, U. S. Ambassador To France. dreadful scenes were enacted which called for Mr. Whitlock's help Though he wa3 ablo to do .little towards to-wards tho alleviation of tho terror that spread among the Belgians; he did obtain In many cases permission to send to tho deported men in Germany Ger-many packages of food similar to that being sent to the prisoners of war. Mr. Whltlock writes enlightenlngly of tho early days of this terror and adds detail to Germany's list of black achievements. Ho says: "Tho rage, terror and despair excited by this measure all over Belgium woro beyond be-yond anything wo had witnessed since tho day tho Germans poured Into Brussels. Tho delegates of the Commission Com-mission for Relief In Belgium, returning return-ing to Brussels, told tho most distressing dis-tressing stories of the scenes of cruelty cruel-ty and sorrow attending tho seizures. And dally, almost hourly, since that time, appalling stories have been re lated by Belgians coming to the Legation." Lega-tion." At Havre, where now aro' established estab-lished tire headquarters of the Belgian government, Mr. Whltlock continues to represent the United States and to administer the work of Belgian relief which is going on; at Brussels, the SpanTsh Ambassador Is looking after such American Interests as are called to his attention. Page Wins Thanks Of British Government. Walter HIncs Pago In London, who represents the United Slatos at the Walter Hincs Page, Ambassaddr To Great Britain. Court of. St. James, looked out for Gorman Interests prior to our entrance en-trance Into the war besides his many functions connected with his routine ambassadorial tasks. Mr. Balfour made Dr. Page the recipient of tho thanks of tho British Government 'for the "promptitude, efficiency and cour-ago cour-ago with which ho discharged his duties." Great Britain la a country with which our relations havo remained unstrained and settled; not so with Austria-Hungary, however, and so the work at the embassy at Vienna called for the exercise of extreme good Judgment. Judg-ment. Frederic Courtland Penfleld, American amba'ssaflbr to Austria-Hungary, has been a diplomat all of his life. At the ago of thirty, he entered the diplomatic service in 18S5 beginning as vice-consul to London; then followed fol-lowed a post in Egypt, where he had tho rank . of resident minister until 1S97. He has been ambassador to Austria-Hungary tlnco July, 1913, and represented this country at a time when Austrian envoys hero were giving giv-ing great, trouble. Tho recall of Dr. Constantin Duraba for Inciting labor troubles occurred during Mr. Pen-field's Pen-field's Incumbency and the withdrawal of Count Tarnowskl was the occasion for his own return to the States. In France, this country has been represented by William Graves Sharp, who was Appointed by President Wilson Wil-son to succeed Myron Hcrrlck. The post at Paris marks Mr. Sharp's en ::;::::; "ff James W. Gernrd, Ambassador To Germany At Outbreak Of The War. trance Into tho diplomatic field. He was a lawyer and a member from Ohio of the sixty-first and sixty-third Congresses. Stovall In Neutral Switzerland. Ono of tho hardest worked representatives repre-sentatives abroad is Pleasant Stovall. our Minister to little neutral Switzerland. Switzer-land. 'While the fighting Is going on , all around this country, and It ro-i ro-i mains throne spot in Europo where food can bo had in plenty, there Is nevertheless a great incrcaso of activity, ac-tivity, which can bo traced to the war for Us origin; and tho legation at Berne is especially busy now because tho State Department at Washington is communicating with the Spanish envoys who aro looking after our interests in-terests at Borlln and Vienna through the Spanish colloagucs of Mr. Stovall Nelson Page, tho well-known well-known author whose talcs of "ole Vlrglnny" havo -charmed Americans, is ambassador to Italy, and has oc-. cupled the post ever since the- beginning begin-ning of the Wilson Administration. While the Italian effort has been centered cen-tered in the war, there has not been tho activity In the American Embassy at Rome that might be imagined until recently. Italian towns have not been ravaged as have those of France and Belgium and relief work has not been urgent. Elkins, In Turkey, Worked. Like A, Trojan. The Am er Lean Embassy in Constantinople, Con-stantinople, besides having tho protection pro-tection of American interests had entrusted en-trusted to its caro before the withdrawal with-drawal of Ambassador Abram D. El-kus, El-kus, the Interests of Great Britain, Franoo. Italy. Russia, Belgium, Serbia! Montenegro, San Marino, and Switzerland, Switzer-land, the latter being tho only neutral. In addition to the regular diplomatic diplo-matic work there was much helping Russia. of the- poor and tho starving of all IlK faiths and nations. The American Wrjgi'P Embassy established a purchasing and aftf. manufacturing bureau and fed thou- v ; Wgi sands dally. All the funds camo 8r through the American Embassy and j ;: MTn it was.no simple task to make re- turns -for al) tho money expended. Kg , It is therefore apparent that Mr. jv, Elkus'-task at the Turkish capital was K by no means a light one. It was his Wf, first diplomatic post; prior to his ap- tSJ pointment by the President ho vas a ' pi t( New york. lawyer and the senior mem- ', ;' i-fe'e" ber of a law firm in that city.- ' ; Whllo obviously, one can but ap- : . sV1 proximate the handicaps and difficul- : j&ifc tics with which our representative in ) gfc . Russia, David Rowland Francis, has ; gK had to contend during tho past dls- ; tressing weeks of turmoil and rcvo- ; lution, with each day's cable bearing ' , Nf?; its doleful message, it is safe to stato '' E?.E that diplomacy of the highest sort has ; f -f K been necessary to meet the changing - ', and, at times; Hopeless conditions. ; ; ' -H Ono false step, where so many are R ! ? , possible, rhigh't. for example be eager- f 51 ly used by the German propagandists I '- In Russia, distorted by them to furth- I er their own nefarious ends and to ,A undo In lie minds of the Russian sol- j. t dlers and peasants all that Undo : ?T) Sam representatives, both diplomatic f :-; and consular, have striven so care- . 'v.Cc fully, sq sincerely, to accomplish for 1 n the good of Russia and the common -1 - cause.. ft i - ai I'rancts, In Russia, Faces Big Odds. y ,ac Da Via Francis, upon whom this tre- i ; VU mendous burden of diplomacy rests, ; ' Is as nearly suited to his position as is ; possible for any man to be. While he ;; ? V-has V-has only boon in Petrograd since i ; ' f-srC March 6, 1916, ho is nevertheless. j ' K c well acquainted with Europo and ; ', r?bo knows the .people like fellow-country- i : i men. .He has. been decorated by thex -principal countries of Europo and : re-Asia re-Asia and has. lived among these peo- : - V-i-Tc Pics. .Mr. Francis is slxtysoven years ; f'.V'-0' of ago, a nativo of Kentucky and was ' hi. Secretary- of- tho- Interior In the Cab- ; 1 -f inet of President Cleveland. F His main difficulty nt present is to ; ! lem know -with- whom to deal. Between :. . o shifting' governments and German FA ' propaganda, the task appears well . 1 Red nigh impossible. fit- t0 A diplomat, one should remembor, M T Is supposed in general to do his ut- vi. . .m, most honorably to create In tho coun- Ykt' rc try to which he Is accredited a sent!- vf mcnt favorable to his own country; ; 'i and to see that his country Is not j J1 falsely represented or misunderstood. ! j Add to this the multiplicity of detail j .. resultant from tho fact that both na- ; , tlons arc at war as Allies, and lin- l t. , aglnc, In a vague way at least, the , ' ' really appalling burden our diplomats and consular agents aro shouldering , !nJ n Russia,, and In the other Allies na- . ra" tlons, whoro- tho great guns never ' rnV coase their thundering and whero the, knowledge of the war Is a matter of ' ' ' fin.. j |