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Show MOW BOLSHEVISM SNARED "THE GREA TBEAR OF THE NOR TH" tVAXE of the greatest tragedies in. history has been the overthrow of Russia, the decline from the high position she assumed at the begin-V begin-V ning of the world war to the humili-.. humili-.. ating and horrifying spectacle of the present moment. He who knows ; intimately of the events leading out "from the time ex-Czar Nicholas ": vras ruthlessly compelled to abdicate !".' until the revolutionaries under Trot-" Trot-" sky and Lenine assumed control of the government contributes valuable data to this momentous turn in the history of "The Great Bear of the 1 North." The writer of tho following article :. on "The influence of the revolution , ' on the disintegration of the Russian army and the development of Bol-a,. Bol-a,. shevism in Russia" is Captain Alex-under Alex-under Tschekaloff, of the Russian s artillery, who served in the trenches "s from the beginning of the war until e the time of the revolution. He ar-. ar-. rived in America, coming by way of sl Archangel, and is reunited at last !i ; with his father, who came to Amer-r" Amer-r" ica a few years ago and established himself on a New York farm. Interesting and sensational dis-: dis-: closures are herein made concerning : the reaction to the revolution follow- ing the decline of the former Czar's ; star. The birth and development of v Bolshevism is laid bare. One of the iv, most striking revelations is Captain Tschekaloff's statement that Keren-s- sky might have prevented the rise of - Bolshevism had he and his lieuten-iants lieuten-iants trampled on the red flag at the ' psychological moment. This docu-j'ment docu-j'ment is an important contribution er. to contemporaneous chronicles on V. ;he rise and fall of democracy in Russia. ' By Capt. Alexander Tschekaloff rr. TN THE beginning of Mai oh, 1317, ii .v after the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II, the Russian army, which of i .t that time consisted of about 20,000,-ive 20,000,-ive E.1OO men, was reformed by the revolu-Jonary revolu-Jonary groups then at the head of -.s.svhe government. These reforms nt illl0untcd to the following measures: s;!1?. iirst- Tho existing titles of mili-!'ry mili-!'ry chiefs were abolished. -'- Second. The righj of the chiefs to "t;nfllct disciplinary punishment in case d f proved guilt was abrogated. There T!' 'r Instituted instead tribunals com-id com-id fe rosed of elected privates, who were to , (0.,.'ecide in each case on the punishment re jV f the culprit. ' Third. The obligatory saluting o u t: fficers by the privates was canceled. VoarOi. Special collegiate organs i. -: fere established, such as committees elected privates, who were to con-l';'Vro: con-l';'Vro: their chiefs in matters pertaining , tnn;0 service. The activity of these com-t com-t to Qittees consisted later in taking upon J." t hemselves the administration of mill-ket mill-ket ary units, completely ignoring tha .,.-.' hiefs- The members of the commjt-mees commjt-mees were not elected for a certain '.elinlte period, but they could be re-: re-: IeoLea 33 soon as the activity of the .ommittoo did not please the majority. ri..iL : Thi3 point of revolutionary reforms in st roke the two fundamental military jnl. iws governing all the armies of the ""oi'ld. The first, that the army Is Sd t ein governed by the unlpersonal joss.", rill of the chief within the authority "S- lomnbent "Pon him; the second, that -e control of the activity of the chief . "fas to emanate from above. ' Fifth. All military formations were i ' .Polished. The armies were to march a a crowd and not in units. Sixth. The points of the law pun- shing the subordinates for insulting heir chiefs were abolished. Seventh. Capital punishment for reason was abolished. Eighth. The soldiers were allowed o smoke in the presence of their ffieera. - Ninth. Tlie soldiers were allowed to It in the presence of their officers. Tenth. The soldiers were allowed ot to cede their places to officers in ' f ram and railway cars where they en-. en-. ' ' 'yed free transportation. Eleventh. Lastly, the army, which 'as reformed according to the above lentioned lines, va3 dubbed "rovolu-:'-' onary." Beginning of Mob Rule -J U is not ditileult to see that the re-' re-' trms enumerated wero for the pur- - fose of discrediting the authority of ' 1ir chiefs in tho eyes of their sub- ! rdlnates, stripping the commanders t all power conceded them by law. otwlthslanding tho nonexistence de ; icto of military chiefs, the revolu-ouary revolu-ouary authorities demanded the proa-v proa-v H'8 anions tho revolutionary troops . Persons vho unly boro the titles of nets and who were exposed to the - iost obnoxious derision and insults id tho danger o being murdered. ..' bus tho Kussian army, deprived of Jiianeo through the establishment of io above mentioned reforms, was ( 'aimformed into a mob of 20, 000, 000 med men. Such condition of the .lUssian army prevailed through the ii?rtfl'omh8 of May and June, UH7, at the f me when Minister of War Korensky, i 4 1 ''nalor of 'he above mentioned JJV .ivolutionary reforms in the army, "Iy.$ '-cided upon an advance in Galicia. ''C ' lij erensky for tliis purpose rode along 0t'0 ,fe ll'ont, exhorting the soldiers to rfl hi iu lIe name of tho revolution, .j jl'erensky could not fathom that , (i:nues had to be commanded and that ff&tr oops 'hic1' t" be exhorted to .vanee constituted no army. -4 On June IS, which will be well remembered re-membered in Russia, the revolutionary troops were to begin the advance in the name of tho revolution, to tho glory of the red flag, for the triumph of the great revolutionary ideas. Such, at least, was tho gist of Kerensky's appeals to the revolutionary troops. Eye-witnesses on that day report the following: By July 18 the intensive artillery preparation of the Russian advance movement had boon completed. The artillery fire, thanks to considerable technical resources developed in Russia Rus-sia at that time, reached the maximum, maxi-mum, silencing the German guns and, lastly, forcing the Germans to abandon aban-don their trenches. The revolutionary army had only to begin the attack, having in front of it the abandoned German entrenchments. It was possible pos-sible to see from the artillery observation observa-tion posts how the Russian infantry advanced to attack and occupied, without with-out one shot from the enemy, the first and second fines of German tory demanded a considerable force of German troops of occupation, the Germans decided to arrest their pursuit pur-suit of the Russian revolutionary army and to carry their activity to Potrograd and other centers of Russia. Rus-sia. This took the shape of detailing to the interior of Russia and to her capital through neutral countries of a crowd of German agents whose duty was to institute a forceful propaganda against the war in Russia. Moreover, these agents had to observe the Russian Rus-sian revolutionary troops and especially espe-cially the units in which, by some chance, remnants of the former military mili-tary discipline existed, the soldiers being exhorted to ignore all chiefs. The greatest aid to this propaganda lay in the complete ignorance of the Russian soldiers, the greater majority of whom were Illiterate and undeveloped. undevel-oped. The German agents were, lastly, to organize an armed force in Petro-grad Petro-grad for the purpose of deposing Kerensky's government, which favored war against Germany. The organizing copyrlgrnl. lyiy. Dy jtudiic i.eaecr k-v. the formation of a Bolshevik army In Petrograd Itself, observing how the masses of tho people were more and more contaminated by Bolshevism, being lastly informed as to the per-' eons at the head of the Bolshevist movement, Kerensky's government did not undertake any measures for the struggle against it and for the arrest of its leaders. The revolutionary revolution-ary chiefs, with Kerensky at their head, after having annihilated the Russian army by their revolutionary reforms, could find no means to fight Bolshevism. The inactivity of the revolutionary government continued until July S, 1917, when the organized forces of the Bolshevik! undertook their iirst armed movement in Petrograd Petro-grad for the purpose of seizing the government. As a lucky chance there were at that time in Petrograd a few units of troops into which Bolshevism had not yet penetrated and which crushed on July 5 the Bolshevist firmpd mnvfitnpn t . resentatives from all revolutionary parties. Including the Bolshevist. General Gen-eral Korniloff, the then commander-in-chief of the Russian army, as well as other military authorities, expressed ex-pressed their opinion at this assembly in regard to the measures to be taken which could save the Russian arms. In general traits these measures amounted to the abolition of all the revolutionary reforms established by the Kerensky government during the first two months of the revolution. Kerensky indicated at this assembly that he would not stand for any counter-revolution, neither from the Right nor the Left party. It is evident that these words of the then head of the Russian Government were the answer to the commander-in-chief of the army and the military authorities. Their measures for the saving of the Russian army were considered a "counter-revolution" by Kerensky, a "counter-revolution from the right." The Ail-Russian Assembly in Moscow, which at- iiT-idrl yr l-acult-a cVirni-orl tha Initio. On June IS, which will be well re- tory demanded a considerable force the formation of a Bolshevik army In resentatives from all revolutionary mn. giving them strensi-h and energy 1 membered in Russia, the revolutionary of German troops of occupation, the Petrograd Itself, observing how the parties. Including the Bolshevist. Gen- t0 come out victors from the unequal fS .J, troops were to begin the advance in Germans decided to arrest their pur- masses of tho people were more and eral Korniloff, the then commander- struggle. In a later time thi army t 't'h the name of tho revolution, to tho sult of the Russian revolutionary mor9 contaminated by Bolshevism, in-chief of the Russian army, as well moved to Siberia for the purpose of ffxfy'vJti!; , glory of the red flag, for the triumph army and to carry their activity to bei lasUy informed as lo the per-' as other military authorities, ex- Joining the Russian and Amed forces t 'yJf 'i ' of the great revolutionary ideas. Such, p0trograd and other centers of Rus- 60ns at U)a ,iead of the Eolsnevlst pressed their opinion at this assembly operating there againsC the Bolshe- M ,'t at least was the gist of Kerensky's Eia. This took the shape of detailing movement Kerenslty.8 government in regard to the measures to be taken visU VA'.N appeals to the revolutionary troops. to the interior of Russia and to her undertake any measures for which could save the Russian arms. One month after the aboemen f i f Eye-witnesses on that day report the capital through neutral countries of a Btrule aeaInst ,t for the In general traits these measures tioned All-Russian A embl rumor ( H, ftl'-in: crowd of German agents whose duly TrevouUon amounted to the abolition of all the began to circulate t, , a u lv m Pe A J ff By July 18 the intensive artillery was to institute a forceful propaganda s' r " revolutionary reforms established by rograd about the intended aimed A f A U y preparation of the Russian advance against the war in Russia. Moreover. Al y cn,eI! WIU1 -rensny ai Mieir th Kerens government during the ure of the governmental power by the J'-r f ''v movement had boon completed. The these agents had to observe the Rus- head after having annihilated the "months of the revolution Bolshevists. At the samo time news Af' Mil - ff )l artillery fire, thanks to considerable sian revolutionary troops and espe- Russian army by their revolutionary indicated at this assembly of the revolutionary forces from' the Mfk'hrM If technical resources developed In Rus- cially the units in which, by some reforms, could find no means to flght would not stand for any coun- il'oat e of the wor-t. Tha Ger J ' ST ' Eia at that time, reached the maxi- chance, remnants of the former mili- Bolshevism. The inactivity of the , ... - . .. Di , . - . c?. .. ,. -QjjAt .. . ,. . , . ,, ... , .. ., . ter-revolution, neither from the Right "T ' . t-' v--; ! 0 .' J? : mum, silencing the German guns and, tary discipline existed, the soldiers revolutionary government continued Left arty It is evident that cSSV '' '' '' ' ; 'f-' XlSw t lastly, forcing the Germans to abau- being exhorted to ignore all chiefs. until July S, 1917, when the organized "or 9 e, Pfr4, ' 3 , . . tVl. jfll ? xyiawv:. "-s - V,V' r f ,.,..,, , ,, . . . ... ., . . " these words of the then head of the SXzVi-k-.-ix--r. ? . te It don their trenches. The revolutionary The greatest aid to this propaganda forces of the Bolsheviki undertook . ,, mc,,t v,. 1 ' ' X- ' ' , , . , , . iT Russian Government were the answer ti -y-i .:3.: if hi ;1 .: ' -ifv, rA. - f e army had only to begin the attack, lay m the complete ignorance of the their iirst armed movement in Petro- . , , . f f hA arTnv ' - I ' ' 1 ' '!Ssri'lf having in front of it the abandoned Russian soldiers, the greater majority grad for the purpose of seizing the rt !haX 1th i L TM A "Sf " L ' 3p German entrenchments. It was pos- of whom were Illiterate and, undevel- goveniment. As a Iucky chance there Lures Z Te saXgo the Russn $ Uh V Vl siblo to see from the artillery observa- oped. The German agents were, lastly. wera at that time , Petrograd a ew f"Ur" rl 'COnsidere ?Zln. 7 ! ' K l V A tion posts how the Russian infantry to organize an armed force in Petro- mjtg of trQOps intQ which Bol3hevlsm fon" by Kerensky a "counterrevol J? M v tj advanced to attack and occupied, with- grad for the purpose of deposing . , . ' , , , ,. . olution oy iveienshv, a counter revo- jy y 7 X . out one shot from the enemy, the Kerensky's government, which favored had "l yet TP?nelfat1d a"d, luUn frm thS right Th6 A"'RUS' V if?5 V' " first and second Hues of German war against Germany. The organizing CrUshed 0n Ju,y 5 Uie Bolshevlst sian Assembly in Moscow, which at- h 1 ? -' - V-., I A armed movement. tained no results, showed the India- rj":V(vN M ry ' UV CV S 4W -lity of sending considerable for, JS- VfAlyferfn TjAMUi WlVdSS &Jk the German ambassador, Count .M TJPS Kt' &3?A f -'-lV d Vfef V man agents in Russia. There beS 'C&V 'iLVf ir' ZIVH $ IP (Jtr V, V fX!T the export from Russia of all that v SSrt- .V ' tiUt 4 IVV 4,A4 V -iVVSVS ' ML IacM"g n Germany. Arms and eqt 7SSSSL&P ? ISLli JJUlteV flW'f - ent of the former Russian army, 2y f-'f -VV1 V A " ' ' 1 j at ,t) J plosives, cereals and provisions, c S-Sf '- i 'MUP&V 4 . VVt tL "iff -r ii fffo&P 55 and oil pi'oducts-all this was ship y&-S jfy V r, v A t,y"Pir V V-W CN ' T & And Russia, depleted of her arn ffng&JS, S f&nV&Hh? I mans were under Helsingfors, in Fin- strength, suffering under the lack "TTW far Jr f Jfjy' Xj ' SC- ' Iand beol'e Pskoff on the norOiern food, condemned by the entire woi . iy, 5- , J tlSUtti-if V,t$i vv y tS??" front and before Kieff In the south, was then living through the most . -7- JP V - f jUf tin Ji jA'' A ( ' - ' The fall of these cities was expected ficult period of her history. Each R ijjjwJjlisajr X.. s rfj'jf''i" $ F ? 8' ' 1 8f ffi- t-v?.-'?4-4 VV c j3r from day to day. Kerensky's govern- sian-who did not share the vewpoi anmV" " jr-'J-f---!-9 rrt? jI.Il . feiJiVfii1 &t. . syJkt!ty'?iy!Z--4e meat, recognizing, probably, all its of the Bolsheviki was subjected C F V? -w-T ( 4? Iff 0 IK kVs. t V S . 'VX""' weakness in tho conduct of war as the most noxious insults and to r C5w l&Sd? r5aZ? Vf's. U It I1'' it Y r weI1 as in tne cruslling of the in- bery at the hands of the represer r J"r' "vS M t -v. -v it i Vb-i J ?s3J6s-I ' creasing Bolshevist movement, did not tives of the Bolshevik governmc 'btf VfcVV ! i " ! Tf"r y putable fact that the Russian army have the courage to own up to it. Last- But this was only the beglnnlng-of VTT vKY., Tt a V (. K fSf 9 could not be reborn so long as there ly, in the last days of October the Bol- Bolshevik regime. Later, in 1918, th SEE"""?' A,VV. ' would be a revolutionary government shevist "Red Guard," fully equipped at started the Bolshevik terror. Arrc rS!AMyVSsC J ' x'f and so long as revolutionary ideas that time with arms, trained by Ger- and capital punishments in masses ?T's?trv T k-& Tl e leadcis of the Bolsheviks were woum dominata in Russia. -man instructors, arrested the ma- gan, and if there was no guillotine iPSSVE -jfoT ?3:S. ....ijj" arrested and, at that time, Kerensky's Russian ofllcers, recognizing' jority of the members of Kerensky's the places of Russian cities, nevert r' ft iyVS- VV''1 government had the opportunity of thJg fact a)so many representatives government, took possession of all the less in tho hands of the Bolshev f t'&W vrj$t: 3? crushing and destroying the Bolshe- Qf the Russlan intelligence with Gen- banks and. government institutions in there were other less humane Inst & fe"'SSB' if"-vik leaders. It is interesting to note era3 e Korniloff and others at Petrograd. men Is for. the destruction of men. -Tiy'mm-fh' that almost all the arrested leaders thelr head, refused to recognize the The coup d'etat took place and the Remembering that time, there arl '55Sbi' '" 11,111 'Mn'jy'.S' of the Bolsheviks were Jews who had revolutionary government, organizing Bolsheviki usurped the governmental in the heart the desire f cursing t -j-"'"' Kdnntpfl "RnKKian nseurlonvms. orob- fmm thoi,- a siipcIb officers' nower. Kerensky succeeded In fleeing revolution, all the Utopian revoluti .Thus began the Reign of Terror . . . and if there was no guillotine in the Russian cities, nevertheless in the hands of ' the Bolsheviki there were other less humane instruments for the destruction of men entrenchments. Nowhere was the enemy to be seen. It seemed at this moment that the Russian revolutionary troops, commanded com-manded by their committees, guided by. the appeals and exhortation of Kerensky, Keren-sky, could advance and vanquish the power of German militarism. This hope, however, lasted only until an unusual and exceptional picture was unfolded before the eyes of the observers. ob-servers. The revolutionary troops, disobeying dis-obeying their committees and chiefs, exhorting them to advance and occupy the neighboring villages, convoked a big meeting in the German entrenchments entrench-ments they had occupied for the purpose pur-pose of ascertaining if the majority desired' to advance further or if they were satisfied with the occupation of the conquered German trenches. Opinions Opin-ions differed and the meeting did not reach any definite end. The stormy discussions of the soldiers were interrupted inter-rupted by the lire of approaching groups of Germans. Panic developed rapidly among the revolutionary troops, which hastened to save themselves them-selves by flight. From this moment started a most shameful retreat of all the revolutionary forces. It took place in most terrific panic and disorganize tion, accompanied by looting and murdering mur-dering of peaceful inhabitants. The quartermaster's supplies at the rear were likewise robbed by the revolutionary revolu-tionary troops. Everybody saw clearly that the Russian revolutionary troops, transformed into mobs of millions of armed men, were far more dangerous to the Russians themselves than to the Germans. Under such conditions was abandoned Tarnopol by tl-.e revolutionary revolution-ary troops and somewhat later Riga. After the above-mentioned retreat of the revolutionary Russian forces, the Germans understood that nothing would hinder their limitless advance into Russia. However, apprehending the immensity of the Russian terri- of such armed force could be observed in Petrograd as early as June, 1917. Drilling and exercising of unknown persons took place daily systematically on the outskirts of Petrograd. Those curious to find out what it all meant received evasive answers about the formation of an army of workers or of a special revolutionary arm for the struggle against the counter-revolu tion. Thus were formed, trained and armed the cadres of what was later called the Red Guard, which were to be the stay of the German dictatorship dictator-ship in Russia. Plain German Propaganda An intensive agitation took place among the peoplo by German agents slating that the war was advantageous advanta-geous and indispensable only for the capitalists and representatives of the "bourgeoisie," and that it was in the Interests of the Russian proletariat to end the war as soon as possible; they screamed that the laud belongs to the people and that the peasants alone were its rightful owners;' that it should be taken away from' the gentlemen gen-tlemen owners. It was also asserted that the end of the war would give much bread to everybody. Everywhere could be seen the declarations, "All power should belong to the proletariat," prole-tariat," "Hail to Peace," "Land to the Peasants." "Bread." A considerable crowd of people began following these declarations, calling themselves "Bolsheviks." "Bol-sheviks." Thus, Bolshevism represented repre-sented in itself the idea of German propaganda and was tlie tool which Germany used for the establishment of her dictatorship in Russia. Bolshevism Bol-shevism spread rapidly, contaminating tlie dark masses of the Russian people peo-ple by its enticing declarations. F'Mng a witness of the Bolshevist propaganda in Russia, a witness of The leaders of the Bolsheviks were arrested and. at that time, Kerensky's government had the oDportunity of crushing and destroying the Bolshevik Bolshe-vik leaders. It is interesting to note that almost all the arrested leaders of the Bolsheviks were Jews who had adopted Russian pseudonyms, probably prob-ably for the purpose of masking their identity and facilitating their activity. As shown by revelations, which took place later, the majority of the arrested persons wero found to be German agents receiving considerable subsidies from Germany Considering the activity of Kerensky's government, govern-ment, it is necessary to mark the profound pro-found indignation of the intelligent and well-meaning circles of Russia at the refusal of the government to pass judgment on the arrested leaders of .. the Bolsheviks. The government of Kerensky, on ing them full liberty for further propaganda prop-aganda of Bolshevism throughout the country. The following occurrence is no less revolting and consisted in representatives rep-resentatives of Bolshevism entering into the composition of Kerensky's government, the same who had been arrested during tlie crushing of the Bolshevist armed movement. Bolshevism, Bolshe-vism, having been crushed in the streets of Petrograd on July 3-3, could gloat over its victory when it entered into the composition of the governing groups. Kerensky's Opportunity The government of Kerensky, haif of which was composed of Bolshevists, cognizant of the annihilation of Russian Rus-sian military power, was occupied exclusively ex-clusively in fomenting the struggles of revolutionary parties. The occupation of Riga by the Germans, as well as of the Aland IMands and their descents in Finland, their approach to Pskoff, the panicky flight of the Russian Rus-sian revolutionary troops and, lastly, the threatening of Petrograd itself were fitets vhkii' niae Kerensky's government remember 1 that the war with Germany was still going on and that at the head of the most important national problems loomed the military problem. For the solution of the latter, i. e., how to save and arrest the fleeing Russian troops, there was convoke! on August 1517, the so-called "All-Russian "All-Russian Assembly" in Moscow of rep- putable fact that the Russian army could not be reborn so long as there would be a revolutionary government and so long as revolutionary ideas would dominate in Russia. The Russian ofllcers, recognizing this fact, also many representatives of the Russian intelligence with Generals Gen-erals Aloxieff, Korniloff and others at their head, refused to recognize the revolutionary government, organizing from their midst a special officers' armed unit counting in the beginning 5000 men. The point of rally of General Gen-eral Alexeleff's army was in the vicinity vicin-ity of tlie city of Novocherkask, in the Don district. This army was obliged later to meet stronger forces, and not a few of Russia's best sons found their death among the ranks of this army. Lacking in regular supply sup-ply of military equipment, ammunition, ammuni-tion, technical means of warfare and, la3tly, provisions, this army was often under great stress. Nevertheless, the spiritual advantage belonged to this small handful of the best Russian men, giving them strength and energy 1 to come out victors from tue unequal &lA. s- ) struggle. In a later time this army A '- moved to Siberia for the purpose of joining the Russian and Allied forcea rK' J jf'' operating there againsf the Bolshe- A" --vfe jl vists Jrf'' H i I One month after the above-men- If .''? 'J ': ;.M tioned All-Russian Assembly, rumors lt'h'': i began to circulate tenaciously in Pet- V'fW ' jf '? rograd about the intended armed serz- jVa 'VItT' C " ure of the governmental power by the f 't I K -v Bolshevists. At the samo time news f)"j 'S Y fU of the revolutionary forces from the . '.ywrfhSXIl front were of the wor-t. Tha Ger ""j. h mans were under Helsmgfors, in Finland, Fin-land, before Pskoff on the northern front and before Kieff in the south. The fall of these cities was expected from day to day. Kerensky's government, govern-ment, recognizing, probably, all its weakness in tho conduct of war as well as in the crushing of tlie increasing in-creasing Bolshevist movement, did not have the courage to own up to it. Lastly, Last-ly, in the last days of October the Bolshevist Bol-shevist "Red Guard,',' fully equipped at that time with arms, trained by Ger-man Ger-man instructors, arrested the majority ma-jority of the members of Kerensky's government, took possession of all the banks and. government institutions in Petrograd. The coup d'etat took place and the Bolsheviki usurped the governmental power. Kerensky succeeded in fleeing from Petrograd, thus avoiding arrest, but his words pronounced at the All-Russian All-Russian Assembly, that he would not stand any counter-revolution from the Bolsheviki, were not realized. Germany's plans, with this coup, d'etat of the . Bolsheviki, were thus realized, and, placing at the helm of Russia a government composed of German agents, with Lenine and Trotsky at its head, Germany could do anything it pleased in Russia. The first move of tho Germans was the signing of the Brest-Litovsk peace agreement, which gave them the pos- n ?; :!0 slbility of sending considerable forces from the Russian front to the western. After this there was sent to Moscow the German ambassador. Count Mir-bach, Mir-bach, to observe the activity of Gorman Gor-man agents in Russia. There began the export from Russia of all that was ! lacking in Germany. Arms and equipment equip-ment of the former Russian army, an enormous number of guns and explosives, ex-plosives, cereals and provisions, coal and oil products all this was shipped to Germany. The Reign of Terror And Russia, depleted of her armed strength, suffering under the lack of food, condemned by the entire world, was then living through the most difficult dif-ficult period of her history. Each Rus- " sian-who did not share the viewpoint of the Bolsheviki was subjected to the most noxious Insults and to rob-bery rob-bery at the hands of the representatives representa-tives of the Bolshevik government. But this was only the beginnlngof the Bolshevik regime. Later, In 1918, there started the Bolshevik terror. Arrests and capital punishments in masses began, be-gan, and if there was no guillotine on tlie places of Russian cities, nevertheless neverthe-less in the hands of the Bolsheviki there were other less humane instruments instru-ments for the destruction of men. Remembering that time, there arises in the heart the desire f cursing this revolution, all the Utopian revolutionary revolution-ary ideas which plunged Russia into such a shame, such unfathomable horror, hor-ror, which destroyed Russia's military power and allowed the Germans to Inflict their dictatorship on Russia. At present, when tho inconsistency and criminality pf the revolutionary ideas in Russia have been recognized by all, and especially in view of the fall of Germany, Russia may expect an end to her sufferings. May the revolutionaries revolu-tionaries remember to what are leading lead-ing experiments In socialism and the great ideu3 of liberty, equality anl fraternity. |
