Salt Lake Tribune | 1916-01-02 | Page 63 | Utah Mines Distribute Millions in Dividends

Utah Mines Distribute Millions! in Dividends P Break All Tonnage Records During the Past Year; Ore Returns Show Increased Valuation of $18,000,000 Compared to 1914. MILLIONS in dividends were distributed dis-tributed to the stockholders of the mines, of Utah last year and the industry became the iaost important one in the state. The production was approximately 10,725,-000 10,725,-000 tons of ore. It was valued at $55,000,000. It compares with the total to-tal valuation of the agricultural products prod-ucts of $-47,076, 2S0, and with the total valuation of the manufactures of $37,-000,000. $37,-000,000. The mines produced. a heavier tonnage ton-nage than at any time in the past and many new mines were opened up. Many new companies were organized and be-in be-in work. More miners were employed , than in years past. The pay-roJl was , heavier than iu years New districts were discovered during the past year and conservative mining operators state without hesitation that the industry has stepped across the threshold and into its period of gri-atest prosperity. The pay-roll for the past year was between $15,000,000 and $16,000,000. According to the estimates of conservative conserv-ative operators in the various districts there has been employed during the 4ast year a total ot approximately 13,- 000 wage-earners in- -t lie mines and metallurgical plants. Estimating their : daily wages at $2.75 per day, which . is considered low, it brings tho -yearly' piiy-roll up to $14,070,000. If to this, there is added the salaries of the i mine officials, the clerical forces and j jjQ officials of the mining companies, ji ft -yearly pay-roll amounts to between .41.0,000,000 and $10,000,000. V Outlook Bright. ' With tho demand for the metals in-; creasing, with higher mGtal prices exported ex-ported during this year than were enjoyed en-joyed during . 1915, with examining engineers en-gineers in the employ of strong finan-y finan-y interests scouring the state for! (Vvtiallv developed properties, with an abundance of money to be had for the . "exploitation ot any mining property ' that will withstand examination, the milling industry in Utah promises to break all former records in dividend . disbursements by the dawn of 1917. During 1915 there was paid to share-holders share-holders a total of $9,(3S8,S4S. This was an increase iu dividends of more than x 36 per cent compared to the total paid 1 to stockholders in 1914, which was $7,102,822. j Seventeen companies contributed to tho total, which brings the grand total pnid by Utah mines up to $321,151,-253 $321,151,-253 . Production Increased. 7 The mines of the state produced during dur-ing the - pat year 10,725,000 tons of ore. Tho metal content was valued at $55,-1)00,000. $55,-1)00,000. During 1014 there was shipped a total of 8,500.000 tons, which was valued at $37,000,000, showing the in-V in-V reaped -valuation in 1015 to be $18,-000,000. $18,-000,000. In determining the total valuation val-uation of tho metal content the following fol-lowing average metal prices wore used: Silver, 40.8 cents per ounce; copper, . 17.3 cents per pound; lead. 4.H cents . per pound, and spelter, 14.23 cents per ', ' . pound. The average metal prices on 1 . which the total valuation in 1914 was based were 86 follows: Silver, 55 "'.' cents per ounce; copper, 13 cents per V pound; load, 3.9 cents per pound, and spelter, 5.1 cents per pound. Operators s',nn versHiit with the greater great-er mining activity that is at present to be noted throughout the various mining districts of the state are predicting pre-dicting that the present year will break all records in the total tonnago shipped, in the earnings of the various compan-ie compan-ie and in the new mines that will be developed. Where, in many districts, but a few companies were operating one yenr ego, many new companies are now engaged in . developing promising prom-ising territory. OM companies, the properties of which had 'been closed down for years, have ' resumed ojera-tios, ojera-tios, consolidations have beeu and are being p Mooted, and stronger financial interests are each week entering the v:iriuis districts. More Miners Employed. During the past year the increasing activity in tho various districts has resulted in the employment of more miners with the result that the annual pay-roll has run into the millions, more money being paid out for labor-in the n ines than at any time in years past. The pay-roll of one Kiughain property alone is approximately $375,000 per month. In discussing the outlook for the present year mining men point out that war has cut olV a groat part of the World's supply of imtals and that with the tremendous increase in the demand for opper, zinc and lead for munitions of war the Tinted States is in con trol of the metal markets of the world. Students of the "'metal markets nre of t lie opinion that during 1:116 tho United States will control more t!-an half of the world's production of had. more than SO per cent of the copper and more than 0 per cent of the zinc output. High Lead Prices. During 1913 the yearly production of lead for the entire world was 1 .270.40$ short tons, of which the United States produced 32 per cent. Spain, the next largest producer, produced -23,767 tons 4 nd Germany 1??,627 tons, while Austria was fourth with a production of 127.567 tons. The only other producers of any 1 -op sequence were M exieo, Sweden. Pel-r Pel-r riii:n. Canada . France. Great Britain, ;r--.'ce, Italy. Kutsia and Turkey In Asia. Witfi practically all of those countries engaged in war, there is left the United States, Spain and Sweden, which country coun-try produces 1053 tons per year, with an output of 637,288 tons, or more than half of the world's production, unhampered, while there are nations producing 633,160 tons involved in war. Since lead must be had and will he had, the United States will this year control more than half of the world's supply. It has been the increasing in-creasing demand upon the United States ever since the war started that has been responsible for the increasing price of lead and students of world conditions are of the opinion that the metal is destined to sell at higher levels this year. All of which means greater earnings for the mines in Utah. Bright Copper Prospects. When lead is quoted around $525 per hundred pounds, compared to $4.10 per hundred pounds, the higher quotation means an increase of $7.50 per ton on ores that run in the neighborhood of 30 per cent. In other words, properties that were earning dividends with lead around the $4.10 point have had their earnings materially increased. Home conception of the outlook for the mining industry in-dustry may be had when it is known that students of the lead market, are predicting pre-dicting $7 lead this year. A glance at the statistics relative to copper shows that during 1913 the United States produced 55.6 per cent of the world's copper, which was 2,198,732,130 pounds. The output of the United States was 224,381,098 pounds. Japan was next with an output of 161,373,720 pounds, Portugal and Spain third with 120,601,620 pounds, Mexico fourth and ..Australia fifth. With the exception of Norway, Spain, Portugal, Central and South America Amer-ica and the United States, all other producers pro-ducers of copper in the world are Involved In-volved In war or indirectly hampered in production by the present European war. The countries involved In war produced 668.470,012 pounds of copper, as against 1,630,262,113 pounds produced by the countries not involved In war. It follows that the United States now controls more than 80 per cent of the entire output, with the 'demand for copper for war munitions' mu-nitions' increasing each month that the waj- goes on. Coritrol Zinc Output. "Many mining companies operating in Utah were paying dividends with copper selling around 13 cents a pound. With copper selling around 20 cents a pound It can readily be seen that the earnings of those companies producing copper ore either principally or incidentally to other metals have been largely increased. All of which means larger dividends during the coming year. The condition in zinc Is still more striking. The United States leads the world In the production of this metal, the output being 3 16,675 short tons during li13, or 31.7 per cent of the world's production. pro-duction. Germany was second with 312,-072 312,-072 short tons, or 29 per cent; Belgium third with 217,892 tons, or 20 per cent. From these figures it can readily be seen that Germany and Belgium controlled 4!) per cent of the world's output. During 101 3 the world's production was 1,003,635 short tons and the greatest zinc producing produ-cing countries were Germany, Belgium, Australia. Austria, Italy, Great Britain and Poland, atid due to the war there was involved 664,011 tons of zino a year, or more than 60 per cent of the production produc-tion of the entire world. The only countries producing zinc unhampered un-hampered by the war are Spain, with approximately ap-proximately 45,000 tons per year; Holland, 26.811; Norway. 10.287. and the United States, with 346,676, making a total of 428.724 tons, so that the United States is practically . in control' of more than 90 per cent of the zino being produced In the world today. With but a few exceptions, zinc ores are produced In the mines of Utah that produce pro-duce lead-silver ores. Many of the mines were paying dividends when spplter was quoted around 5 rents per pound. It follows fol-lows that with spelter at Its present prices these mines are earning greater amounts from zinc ores than ever before. Despite the increasing production of the z.lne ores, the demand is constantly beyond be-yond the supply, and miners are of the opinion that this particular metal will sell higher during the coming year. Higher Silver Expected. The outlook for silver during the present pres-ent year is very bright. Authorities on : the production and consumption of the white metal are of the opinion that the world is facing a deficit In the production of BO, 000. GOO ounces. The price of the white metal is likely, within a reasonable reason-able time, to move much nearer to its former valuation in terms of gold than has been considered possible for a number num-ber of years. The argument for higher silver prices Is the Increased coinage demands for European, countries, the probability of a much greater demand from India, the prospects of China executing her silver currency reforms and the virtuatlv stationary sta-tionary state of the world's poduction of tho white metal. The tremendous exigencies of recuperation recupera-tion and reorganization at the conclusion of the European war are expected to cause more than one European nation to revise its present monetary system. The immense mass of debts piled up against the gold reserves of the various nations ntav require a double standard. The exceptional crops In India, which mean commerce on a larger scale ' with that country, will In all probabilltv require re-quire settlements of credit to a large ex-! tout, at least, in silver. A greater de-i maud for the white metal bv that country coun-try is confidently expected. World Facing Deficit. Silver authorities point to the fact that there is no new silver producing Held in sikrht. They also point to the fact that Mexico has lessened her ouput of the j white metal by about 12.S00.0O0 ounces. Statistics show that the world's vield I of the while metal is practically station- I ary. In V.U2 it was 224.3to.f54 fine ounces. Since that time It has expanded only 4.0on,ooo tine ounces. It ban fallen oft" In Mexico 12,300,000 fine ounces. Europe has ereatly expanded its silver coinage. Since the war began, Germany has coined 11.252.500 line ounces, compared com-pared with $.21.", 3 75 fine ounces coined in 1913 and 5,32S.;92 tine ounces in- 1IU2. Reports Re-ports from the British mint in 1914 show 1 consumption of 17,000. oro ounces against ri.ooo.OiHi ounces in 1013. The world's coinage, basing the estimates on the increase in-crease since the war' began, is expected 10 be more than 50 per cent hU'ncr in P.' 15. Allowing for the old material and en- larging the production by 25 per rent, the relation of production to consumption, in ounces, is as follows: Ounces. Coinage for the far east 100,000,000 Coinage for all other countrles.100, 000,000 Total probable coinage 200,000,000 Deduct old material used 2o, 000,000 N'et new silver required 175,000,000 Industrial consumption 100,000,000 ToUil consumption 27o.ono.OuO Production 250,000.000 Deficit in production 25,000,000 China's new needs, annual average av-erage 25,000,000 The various mines in Utah have produced pro-duced in 1S15 nhout 10,000 ounces of gold, valued at SI!, 90S, 000, as compared to the output of 191-1 of 15S.0OO ounces, valued val-ued at $3.30H,000. There was a decided increase in the production of silver. The mines have produced about 12,724,000 ounces, valued at $6,500,000, compared to 11,000,000 ounces in 1114, valued at $6,000,000. The increased output of copper cop-per is strikingly illustraied when compared com-pared to the output In 1914. Approximately Approxi-mately 1S5.000.OuO pounds of the red metal was produced, wi Ih a total value of $32,000,000, compared to 152,000,000 pounds in 1914. valued at S21.000.000. A remarkable increase is also shown in lead. There was produced 220.000. 000 pounds, valued at ?6.7OU,000. Spelter, the one metal the price of which advanced rapidly rapid-ly at the beginning of the year, pained exceptionally ex-ceptionally in output- The mines of the state produced approximately 2$. 000. 000 pounds, valued at 13,220.000 in round numbers, num-bers, compared with an output of 16.000,-000 16.000,-000 pounds in 1SU4, valued at $S0O,00O. Bingham Output. With the exception of one. every district dis-trict in the state shows an increased ore production. Bingham, due to the exceptional ex-ceptional activity at the Utah Copper mine since the begin ni ng of t lie year, produced, in round nn in hers. 10." 00,000 tons of shipping c.e and concentra! es, as compared with T.S'iOjiOO tons in -1014. The rtah Cpoper company broke All ; prior records for the production of copper during the past yenr. Purlng January ; the company produced S,OC0,'46 pounds of copper, in February, S.i,,tr.6 46 pounds of ; copper; In March. 1 ". 2".-;S' ; in April, 0 1 5.i IS ; In Mac, H.'.'S-, . 65 : in June, l-f.- i 730.912; in July. 14.641.oo:: in .Vin:;s', 15,l6fi,543; in September. 14.159.29; :in-l ' It Is understood that t'-.e ompny h;. j been producing close to the 1 6. 000. '"''"- j pound mark for the past two months. According to J. M. F-outwell of the 1 United States ceoiopieM survey, the mln-inc mln-inc activity of Bingham has been devoted de-voted successfully to ox ldize-1 pold ores, oxidized ores of lead. siHer and copper, sulphides of load HT:rt. finally, snip1! s of copper. The oxidized gld ores, owine to enrichment due to superficial alteration, altera-tion, carried pood values, but were not commerchil'y profitable. Althoueh some of the gold or was rre?. no en;:r"-!v satisfactory treatment was deviled, the commonly accepted explanation of failure beine that '.he presence of copper required re-quired too rm:-h cyanide to l-'-ve ; prot'it. At one time i! carbona:- s of lead and sliver carried Inch values and were treated successfully, but have been worked out. Lend-silver sulphides Liter nn assumed commercial importar'j. ani Uiiitr U.e ef- feet of good market conditions lead ore is extensively mined. The productive area is roughly limited to a region that is characterized by intrusives and within metamorphosed limestones adjacent to intrusives and fissures. The copper ores occur in iarge masses in metamorphosed limestones and also in grains dlssemina ted through monzonite intrusives. The large bodies lie within massive marbelized limestones adjacent to intrusives and fissures. Associated with this ore in t he coarsely crystalline, marbelized limestone are the minerals garnet, epfdote, tremolite, sphalerite, etc. The ore bodies are in the form of lenticular beds, lying roughly parallel with the bedding of the country rock, and exhibit a massive banded structure which is continuous with the bedding of the inclosing country rock. These beds arc localized into elongated lenticular shoots, which dip roughly with the bedding planes and pitch moderately. These shoots assume great size, being several hundred feet in length along their strike, nearly 200 feet thick, and have been followed fol-lowed downward continuously for several hundred feet. The disseminated auriferous copper ores occur throughout extensive stocks of monzonite, but particularly in areas where It Is fractured, fissured and altered. Irregular grains of chalcopyrite and cupriferous cup-riferous pyrite are found in small veln-lets veln-lets intergrown with silica, sericite and so forth, and chiefly along joint or fracture frac-ture planes and subordinate- In altered areas immediately adjacent to such places. Occurs in Veins. The argentiferous lead ores occur in veins filling fissures which trend northeast-southwest and traverse all kinds of rock known in the district. The veins are widest In the limestones and In shales which contain calcareous and carboniferous carbonifer-ous matter. Their general structure is a rougu banding parallel to the walls of the rissures. but these bands are not sharply defined, the minerals of one band ! being irregularly intergrown with those of adjoining bands. ! In brief, sulphide copper ore occurs i chiefly 'in the vicinity of fissures and in- I trusives. Smaller bqt more uniform veins or ar:enl iferous lead ores traverse all rocks, are largesr in the linif-sintiss and most numerous in the vicinity of the intrusives. Throughout the district there are in neighborhood of thirty-one producing mines, a number of which produce different differ-ent ores f ro m d i fT e re n t parts of their mires. i W ha t may safely be called mining on a colossal scale, due to the inti od net ion I of Keystone churn drills, good for a depth of 500 feet, and S:ar drills, good for a depth of lunfj fee!, which are used for prospecting and blasting purposes; tne use of sia iKlard-eauee switching locomotives, locomo-tives, whi'm haul all-steel standard-gauge dump c.irs and lU".-"f'e,-round flat cars; the use of standard-gance steam shovels for the loading of the ores on carp, these methods have placed the camp of Bingham Bing-ham in the foremost ranks, if they have not made it the Iradlng mining camp in .he. world, considered from the viewpoint of yearly ore product hn. The Utah Copper company is en Erased In minlntf a mountain of ore. And added to :ts output is the pro Paction o; tne otliex proi-'rties, bruising the total fur the past ten years up to 46,678.836 tons of ore. This is, without question, the greatest amount of ore ever taken from any one camp in the world. Prior to 1905 the amount of ore removed was much smaller than during the past few years. Conservative estimates place the amount of wealth the camp has given to the world at $225,000,000. Within the past six years the production of zinc ore has grown steadily, until at present tho annual an-nual output is In the neighborhood of 1500 tons. A d eci d od ga i n is sh o w n in the Park City district. There was produced about 100,000 tons of crude ore and concentrates, concen-trates, compared with 75,000 tons In 1914. The production is expected to b largely increasttd during 1916, due to the greater number of companies that have recently resumed operations and the new milling companies that have entered the district. Park City District. The ores of the Park City district are of both smelting and milling grades, the higher grade ores as well as the concentrates concen-trates from the various milling plants being shipped directly to the smelters. The Silver King Coalition mine has Its own sampler and milling plant, through , which all of the ores taken from the mine go for sampling berore being either shipped to the smelter or sent to the mill- ing plant. The ores from the other prop- j erties are sampled at the custom sampler. The Jirst-class ore is essentially a mil- i phide of lead, or of copper, or of iron, each of which carries high silver values. There are also carbonates and oxides with high silver values, and these constitute con-stitute the smelting ores sent from the district. The milling ores are made up of galena, pyrite and zinc blende, scattered through Liie gangue material, the silver being found associated with the pyrite and the galf-na. As a consequence the milling problem is to save the pyrite and the galena, together with the copper in any j of its forms, and to throw out the silica ( and the zinc bkndc beyond the point where the ptnali ies are imposed by the smelters. Problems Well Solved. This prohlem and the growing importance import-ance of the ores has brought to the district dis-trict the most experienced and resourceful resource-ful mllhiiPn in the ctuntiy. and through j their persist en t and intelligent i e- searches the problems have been so well solved that exceptional savings are now ) being effected. Along this line the Silver j King Coalition Mines company recently '. installed a dotation process. By the ; change made in the mill Its capacity liar . been increased, tr.e milling costs have j been reduced 50 per cent, and a higher j Percentage of recoveries In both biKer t and lead is being made. A number of other companies have also I adopted the flotation process. At the S.l- J ver King Coalition Mines mill an in- i cread saving of from 10 to 15 per cent , of t he silver values and approximately . 10 per cent of the lead vnlu'-s, as com- ; pared with trie former milling practice. . has l.ecn en'-ted by 'he adoption of flo- ; talion. In other words, ;i saving of be- ; tween 90 and 33 pr fnt of t he silver ; values and from 9u to 95 per cent of the : lead values is now being made. 1 The floiatiou plant, which haa been In j operation only since I "member 5, with the other changes that ha ve been made In the mill. Is expected to increase the capacity ca-pacity to 600 tuns per day. About 70 per cent "of the crude ore that go'-s to 1 !:e mill is of a sulphide nature. th other 3" Pr cent being composed f ovld-3 nd carbonates. Tin; flotation plant is ued to t rea l the sulphide, the o:lr s and carbonates being treated by the uet concentrating con-centrating rr.'.h"ls. Hy the time the plant Is in operation a few more months land has been broucht up to capacity, it Is expwied that a Mchfr percentage of i extrai Hon will be attained. Mills in First Rank. The recovericp made by the principal com panics In this district on this class of ores have placed those plants, in the very first i-fiTik amooK the many metallurgical (Continued on Following Page.) Utah Mines Distribute Millions in Dividends (Continued from Preceding Fage.) reduction works throughout the mining world. In describing lae ool.-lo activity that took place in the Wasatch mountains at the junction v ith the .-dL-t-wst Uinta ronst. J. M. Bout well ol' the United States jfeolosl' al survey says that extensive and irregular intrusion, widespread extrusion, through contact metamorphlsm, persistent persist-ent and recurring faulting and glaciation have produced in a small area known as the Park CUy diftrict the must extensive and richest ore bodies in the ranges. The sedimentary rooks are separable into r:x divisions, n:c lowest being the riuite and limestones. Overlying the uuaitzites is the Park City formation, ft 'on.-viMiri uf limestone and sandstone. Nel ..-on ies tho Thanes formation, above v. :iivir Iks (.he Wood side shale, which in turn is overlain hy tilt; basel part of the 'n:,rt tandsione. The Parle ("i'.y formation, named after ti.-j district because it has yielded th bonanzas which made the district famous, is composed of a thick limestone in Us lower part, several minor limestones in its upper part and a number of thin calcareous cal-careous beds near the ba?e with intercalated inter-calated quartzitos and sandstones. Igneous rocks occupy nearly one-third of the district. In occurrence they are Intimately associated with the ore deposits. de-posits. They are diorite, dlorlte porphyry por-phyry and andesite, and occur in distinct areas. The ores occur as lode deposits and as bedded deposits In sedimentary and Intrusive country rocks. The two types are commonly associated, though lodes and veins occur alone. The fissures tending northeastward carry the lode ores In the Intrusives as well as in quartilte and in limestone. The bedded ores are more extensive and of highest grade in the Park City formation. Valuable deposits de-posits of bedded ore have been mined to a depth of 900 feet, and rich lode ore has been found at 1200, 1400 and 150(i feet. Good milling ore has been extracted between be-tween 1700 and 2000 feet. In general tho deposits appear to be closely associated with either fissures or intrusive rocks. Increased Tonnage, i Not only are there more companies operating, op-erating, but the tonnage has been largely Increased, as shown by a comparison between be-tween the total number of tons shipped by the various properties during 1914 and th total tonnage shipped to December 1 of the past year. The comparison is as follows, in tons: 11 months of 1015. 1914. Silver King CoaJUlon 35.040 2S.S90 Dalv-Tudfre 22,St2 a2,fi6n Daly West 11,267 3.45fi Silver Kine Consolidated 9,573 7,707 Ontario Silver Mining... 2,017 32 Mines Operating l.KP. 763 Big Four Exploration... 1,571 E. J. Befigs 752 Paly Mining company... 67 J 82 Charles Moore 421 481 Broadwater company ... 422 Utah Ore Smeltinc" Co... 290 Western Ore Purch. Co.. 112 . Clew & Co 110 Utah Lilme & Stone Co.. 55 Orasselt company 61 G. A. Keeps 36 Thompson-Qulncy 17 240 Totals .91,477 ' 74.697 Not operating. Though the Tlutle district shows but a Miiall gain in tonnage over the 1014 output, out-put, the higher metal prices have materially ma-terially Increased the earnings of the various companies in the camp. The output out-put for 1015 wiiH about r.OO.OUO tons, compared com-pared willi JDS. 000 Ions in 1014. To Mill Low-grade. U if confidently expected that the tonnage ton-nage from the Tintic district will be more than doublet! during the present year. This wilt be due to the treat ing of immense . bodies of low-grade ores by metallurgical processes that have been perfected. One In rge milling plant Is now being constructed con-structed for tho treatment oC this class of ores and will be in operation shortly. Other plants are to be erected in the near future. Millions of tuns of the low-grade ores have beHn blocked out in the various properties. Tho company backing the new metallurgical process has made a series of exhaustive tests and has demonstrated demon-strated that rlv low-grade ores can be treated successfully. In one of the basin ranges about seventy-live miles south or Salt Lake lies i the Tintlc district, the mountains of which attain an altitude of about 8000 feet. In describing the geological formations forma-tions of economic importance, G. W. Crane, in a United States geological report, re-port, says that they consist of paleozoic sediments and tortiary eruptives and intrusives. in-trusives. Geographical Formation. Beginning with the Tlutic quarUitc of the Cambrian age. about 7000 feet of thickness and composed of a pink and white quartHe. generally massive, with occasional thin bands of shaly qua rial te and quartz and pebble conglomerate, it is overlaid with what has been designated the Tint to sla to. This is a green slate, with bands of impure quartitite near the ba.se and beds of impure limestone near the top, and approximately 475 feet, in thickness. Lying on top of the Tintlc plate is found the M am moth limestone, about 3H00 feet in thickness, and composed com-posed of dolomitic. blu gray and white limes to no, st He tons and genera II v barren of fossils. It In turn Is overlaid by the Godiva limestone, which is fossil If crous, blue and gray, and usually pure limestone, except in its upper portion, which is very eheriy and in part sand and carbonaceous. carbon-aceous. The Godiva limestone has been estimated to be about 2-i74 feet In thickness. thick-ness. Above it is the Humbug limestone, more than 5S". feet thick and composed of alternating beds of fossiliferous lime-ptouo, lime-ptouo, arenaceous limestone and calcareous calcare-ous limestone. The sedimentary formations are folded which folding was accompanied bv extensive exten-sive faulting, the major faults being of the transverse type, with a strike in an easterly and westerly direction. Minor faults join ittid conned them at various singles in this direction. Mot of the faults show lateral displacement ranging 1rom a low teet to LTiOO fort. Fracture have occurred in four principal directions direc-tions north-south, north 15 degrees east, north 2.". degrees cast and east -west. Those running nearly north and south are the most imponant. since they appear to govern the trend of certain ore bodies. Three Distinct Types. There are ihree distinct types nr oro deposits, namely, thoso t,f replacement in the limestone, i huso of fissure veins in Hie i;:m.ous rocks and those occurring at the contact of t he limestone. Tire replacement re-placement d pos ts in tl;r limestone are ine most : in port nt. ha in- contributed neatiy t'S per cent of Die pro tits paid by t he dist riet. The ore deposits in the igneous rooks (v.ur in irreyuiar but clear-cut fissure veins in the monzonite and Swansea rhy- "lit'. The veins have strikes ranging irom north in deg-vos west to north 35 degrees east. They are nearly vertical yuy trom a seam to ten feci in width, taper wim depth and have an average' widih of about two feel. Most of tin' veins ranee from between tSa and 30o feet in length, hut the Sunbeam has been wot ked for a distance of more than cno Icet along- tiie strike. The ore in its unaltered state consists '' siher-lead sulphides and sulohursen-ides sulohursen-ides ih'i'in ring in lenses a nd povkei s in a gangue (if quarts and p rite. ;uid constitutes con-stitutes a bout ihreH-quarters of ike mass' of the vein. Above water level the ores1 assunn: t he usual oxidized characters! ! (. unsiderabio copper occurs locally in somu I of the southern mines, while the northern mines have produced lead almost exclusively. exclu-sively. Gold ih unusual, occurring locally in very small quantities only. There is a marked decrease in the value of the ore on proceeding below the zone of oxidization, oxidiza-tion, and tins and water troubles have generally discouraged deeper exploration. The deposits at the contact of the limestone lime-stone end the igneous rocks are, for the most part, replacements of limestone by quartz forming greenlsh-yc-how jagperuld with local important accumul& tiona of hydrous iron oxide. They are widely distributed dis-tributed uver the district. The known replacement ore deposits in the limestone are confined to the west limb of the sync-line, where the beds are nearly vertical or steeply inclined to the oust. Like replacement deposits in general, gen-eral, they are very irregular in form, following, fol-lowing, lor the most part, nearly vertical tissures or faults, and. expanding and contracting con-tracting irrcguiarly alon both the strikes and dip. they form chimneys, pipes and irregular' pockets on cither or both sides of the fracture plane. Within the zone of o.xid.it ion ch vii y fillings ur cave deposits de-posits arc common. The ore-bearing fissures fis-sures usually have a north-south trend, but important ore bodies have been developed de-veloped on fissures at all angles to these. Interesting Fissures. " The smaller ore bodies are usually the richer, and where two or more fissures intersect there Is generally an i no red c in both the value and size of the deposit. The known ore bodies are con lined to three zones, having a general north and soul h direction, and may be defined as follows: The Eureka zone, extending from the Centennial-Eureka mine on the south through the Eureka Hill, Bullion-Beck and Gemini to the Ridge and Valley on the noith; the Mammoth zone,, extending from the Ajax mine on the south through the Mammoth, Grand Central, Victoria. Eagle & Blue Bell to the Chief Consolidated Consoli-dated mine on the north, and the Godiva-Sioux Godiva-Sioux Mountain zone, consisting of two well-dftiined and nearly parallel ore veins, one extending from the North Star on 1 the south through the Ked Rose. Carisa, I Northern Spy, Utah, Uncle Sam and May I Day to the Godiva mine on the north. ; the other extending from the Dragon Iron 1 mine on the south and north through the Black Dragon, Governor, Iron Blossom Nos. 1 and 2, Sioux Consolidated, Colorado Colo-rado Nos. 1 and 2 to Beck Tunnel Nos. 1 and 2 on the north. The Eureka zone appears to connect with the Mammoth zone between the Centennial-Eureka and the Grand Central mines, thus forming a branch of the Mammoth zone. The i Godiva-Sioux Mountain zones are the most persistent, having been worked for a distance dis-tance of about two miles. Ore Minerals. The ore minerals consist of gold, silver, sil-ver, lead, copper and zinc in a gangue consisting mainlv of quartz with some pvrite in the unaltered ores, but with important im-portant quantities of calcite, dolomite, barlte and iron and manganese oxides in the oxidized ores. In addition to the local segregation of the several ore minerals through downward down-ward concentration in the oxidized zone there is an important north and south distribution of the ore minerals in the three zones described above. It appears that copper and gold ores predominate at the south ends of the zones, gradually decreasing in Importance toward the north with increasing proportions of silver sil-ver and lead ores until the latter minerals min-erals predominate. As a result, the mines near the south end of the district are chiefly producers of copper and gold, while those on the north are chiefly producers pro-ducers of silver and lead. According to the reported outputs of tho various mines for-l!U0 and 1911. the average proportion of silver to gold by weight was 74 to 1. with the variations in the different parts of the district above referred to. The average price of lite ore mined during the same period was about $21.30 per ton. The lower profitable limit for shipment to the smelters is about $10, with variation either above or below that figure, according to the silica contents of the ore. in the course of sloping for the shipping ores it is necessary to move considerable con-siderable low-grade material, which usually usu-ally finds its way to the rejected ore dump of the mine. Tintic Shipments. The following is a tabulated account of the carload lots shipped during the past year by forty mining companies, compared com-pared with the shipments made In Y.: 1915- 1014. Chief Consolidated 1,010 87 Iron Blossom 9S4 'J-0 Centennial-Eureka 9-15 1.0UJ Sioux mill dump 6 ."it Eagle fc Blue Bell 61 I GOO Mammoth 4tis TIM Gemini 27 Gemini Keystone 4 16 Grand Central 3S9 373 Dragon Consolidated 1H7 M Mav Day 125 t9 Gold Chain 99 117 Victoria 6 194 Beck Tunnel 69 75 Lower Mammoth 9 'M Bullion Beck Sii 5tj Yankee ?u 1'! Colorado . . . 49 79 Eureka Mill ::5 H Carisa HO 17 Uncle Sam , 23 '62 Siuux fleaso) 17 9 Utah Minerals 12 Godiva 11 11 Minnie Moore 1" 4 Opohonno 10 25 Ridge Sz A'alley 6 C Slut rp-McNaugh ton-Caldwell lease ti Utah Ore Sampler 6 " Black Jack 5 S Clit't lease i 3 Plums 3 Sultana 3 . Victor 2 " Tintic Standard 2 3 Tim ic Stand arl concentrates 1 t'tah Consolidated 1 Tintic smelter 1 Cupper Queen 1 Salvador 1 4 I'niled Tintic 1 4 December shipments, estimated 200 149 Totnl estimated tonnage 1915 30.000 1914 29S.U0U Cottonwood Activities. With the opening of tho bonanza ore body in the Cardiff mine, located in tiie Big" Cottonwood district, interest in the Cottonwood -American Fork mining re-ginti. re-ginti. situated in the central part of the Wasatch mountains, just to the southwest of the Park City district, revived rapidly. There are at present about sixty companies compa-nies operating, the greater portion being engaged m developing- properties in tho 1 .it t le and in the Big Cot ton wood districts. dis-tricts. Kol lowing the discovery in the Cardiff property came the opening of the ore body in the South Iloela property. This was followed short ly afterwards by the discovery dis-covery of what promises to develop into another bonanza In the Sells property. Interest has been revived in a number of the piopert ies that have long been idle. New companies have been organized organ-ized and campaigns of development work P 1 a nncd that w ill be s t a r t ed as soon as the weather conditions permit. One of the must important pieces of development work to be started as soon as the snow leaves the ground is the driving of a huge drain and transportation transporta-tion tunnel by the Wasatch Mines company. com-pany. This will make available an immense im-mense tmnagc of ore than cannot be fMonomically mined at present, due to its being below the water level. Flan New Railroad. No difficulties seem insurn-ouniahlo to the mining operator once a large ton-nape ton-nape of shipping- ore has been developed, ivspitethe severity of l! e weather 'luring 'lur-ing the winter months, tiie danger incident inci-dent to snowstides an! tin1 difficulties incident to keeping- open the roadwnvs. plans arc now under way fur ihc build ing of a railroad from V-'asarch. the terminus of the Salt Lake A.- Alia raii-i raii-i read, into tiie hfart of the district. I Mi nine men predict, without hesitation that the" tonnage now in sight, in the Lit-i Lit-i tie Cm ton-wood district and the big tonnage ton-nage blocked out in the Cardiff mine will undoubtedly be hauled out of the Little Lit-tle Cottonwood district by the middle of this vhhi. With trie completion of the railroad, it will h possible to ship ores of a much lower grade, which shipments a re. now economically impossible, due to the high cost of transporting the ores by wagons. Recardtfss of the high haulage charges. ' the Cottonwoods snipped during the past jear approximately r;.ri.i tons of -"'re, cumpared tn i.ms t-ent out in V'U. ConscniUive operators look tor tiie districts dis-tricts to ship iu the neighborhood of K'.0"0 ; tons by the end of this year. New Districts Discovered. I The production in Beaver county for 'the past year was approximately oS.OOO tons of crude ore and concentrates, compared com-pared to 4 l.Oi'O tons in 1914. During the past four months, however, the entiie couniv has undergone a decided change in relation to ruining activity. Dumps of old. abandoned properties are being treated by metallurgical processes. ! strikes have been made In the various j districts of the county and more development develop-ment work is now under way than has , been experienced in Beaver county ' m i years. t An event or considerable importance j to the Newton ruining district of Beaver I count v vas the purchase by smelting interests in-terests of ehiims in the Fort una camp, Utah's newest gold camp. Ux tensive development de-velopment work has been started that will in the near future demonstrate to a considerable extent the Importance of the district as a gold ore producer. The first shipment of gold ore from the camp has been settled for and this has given a decided impetus to mining. Operators Attracted. The heavy tonnage shipped during tho past ten months from the Promontory district near Saline has drawn the attention atten-tion of mining operators to that section aa a producer of high-grade zinc ores. Although the principal company in that district has been operating less than a year, there has already been shipped about 6000 tons of zinc ore. About six companies are at present operating in the district and engineers who have visited that section predict that it is destined to become one of the important zinc ore producers of the state this year. The shipments of gold bullion from the Goldstrike camp, located in what was formerly known as the Bull Valley district dis-trict in' Washington county, created considerable con-siderable excitement some months ago. Many new companies entered the district and. 'a great deal of development work is now being done. Goldstrike promises to become an important producer. Manufacturing Potash. The. discovery 'of alunlte near Marys-vale Marys-vale was closely followed by the erection erec-tion of a plant by the Mineral Products corporation and the manufacture of potash pot-ash on a commercial scale. With the shipment east of the first car of potash manufactured from the mineral, al unite, another Industry sprang into existence in Utah that is destined to become one of the most important industries in the state. The company also shipped the first car of alumina, a by-product of the manufacture manu-facture of potash. Tests made on that material indicate that a commercial method will be perfected for the manufacture manu-facture of the metal, aluminum, from it, and the officials of the company have decided de-cided to erect some place in Utah a plant for the production of that metal. Administered by three government metallurgists of wide reputation, who are assisted by six men specially trained in metallurgical work, the metallurgical research re-search department of the University of Utah is engaged In research work to determine de-termine what may be done with the immense im-mense tonnages of low-grade ores In the state. Metallurgical Research. Considerable attention is being devoted to the complex ores of lead and zinc and to the separation of the two metals, I The effort ha,s been to utilize the ehe.m- j icals which are available in the state in i the treatment of these ores. These; chemical? may he classed as salt from the1 Great Salt Lake; glaubot's salt from the beds west of the lake; sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid from the smelter fumes; lime from the limestones of the state; calcium sulphate from the gypsum beds near Nephi; and coal from tiie mins ot Carbon, Emery and other Utah counties. New Process Discovered. One of the most prominent things which has been done has been the discovery that with a saturated brine containing sulphuric acid, most of the carbonate of lead ores can be extracted quite cheaply and the lead recovered from the brine with a little lime. Those who have observed ob-served the details of the process have visions of a large plant on the shores of the lake near the smelters to which ore trains will come from the Tintic district, bringing ore on the same scale as it is now being hauled from Bingham. Tintic has shipped ores capable only of smelting and all milling ventures have fallen through, so that the treatment of low-grade low-grade ores from the Tintic district will be as good as the discovery of new mines. The Knight-Dern mill Is expected to treat the ores of copper carrying gold and silver sil-ver from the Tintlc district and the process of the department of metallurgical research could handle the low-grade ores of lead which carry silver. This practically practi-cally covers the problems which are presented pre-sented by the Tintic district. Nearly all the low-grade oxidized ores of zinc have been found amenable to treatment with solutions of sulphuric acid, yielding up the zinc which ca n be recovered re-covered by the use of an electric current passing through the resulting solution of zinc sulphate. The A. S. & R. company is building a small experimental mill at Murray to try out this process, though tiie ores treated will be roasted sulphides of zinc and lead which they find difficult to smelt. Flotation Activity. Salt Lake is fast becoming a confer of activity in the treatment of ores by the process called flotation, in which certain minerals from a crushed ore can be made to float. The activity of the department of metallurgical research in this line of investigation has brought many metallurgists metal-lurgists of national and international reputation to the university to study this new process. The flotation laboratory of the department is equipped with the best known apparatus available for this work, and many researches have already been carried out on the application of this (process to various ores of the state. It is , not yet known how far the process can I be extended, but tlie department has been 'able to prove quite detinitely that a great I number of the oxidized minerals in the various ores of the state can be collected from the low-grade ore by this method. The metallurgical profession is becoming becom-ing keenly alive to the splendid work being be-ing done by the department and the 'papers published in the various metaihirg-I metaihirg-I . : icaJ and mining journals have brought many men to "s:it Lake to visit the , laboratories and become acquainted with the men who are carrying on these interesting in-teresting studies. A number of companies and individuals have asked for permission to send men to work in the department on tiie particular ores which t hey are having; difficulty in treating. This really amounts to further enlarging the department depart-ment s nd as the year closes there are six companies co-operating with tiie university uni-versity on problems r.he solution of which should prove mutually boneiicial. Important Factor. With arrangements such as these, it is nor difficult lor th-- department to get someone lo try cut in the mills any process proc-ess which is developed to a point where it .-fee nis to assure financial return to the parties by whom it is undertaken. In view of the splendid insults already obtained ob-tained toward the solution of the problems prob-lems at present under investigation, the department of metallurgical research of the University of Utah, in co-operation with the United States Bureau of Mines, promises to become an important fnctor in the development of the. mineral resources and mining and metallurgical industries of Utah. Advances in Milling. One of the features of considerable importance im-portance to the mining mdustiy of the state has been the advance made in milling mill-ing methods during the past year. The mills of the Utah Copper company handled a tremendous tonnage daily, treating during the entire year an average of 3u,-000 3u,-000 tons in each twenty-four hours. In addition, other mills have been built, one at Tintic Is being completed, and these will increase the daily reduction by about 3000 tons. More attention has been devoted during dur-ing the past year to perfecting the flotation flota-tion process. Salt Lake being the center of this field of research, than to any other class of reduction. Throe of the nine new plants constructed con-structed either use the process entirely or depend on it to a great extent, two of the new mills use the chloridizing roast and leaching process, while the other four new ones use straight concentration. Three of the four additions to old mills were for the installing of flotation. The new mills, their location and capacity ca-pacity in tons per day are as follows: Tone. Broadwater, at Park City 500 Big Four, at Atkinson 300 Tintic mills, at Silver City 300 Utah Leasing, at New house 500 Caldo Mining, at Frisco 200 Park City mills, at Park City 200 Prince of Wales, in Big Cottonwood... 50 Utah Mineral Concentrating, at Eureka Eu-reka The following mills have increased their daily tonnage bv additions: Stiver King Coalition, at l ark City 600 Utah Apex, at Bingham '225 Daly-Judge, at Park City . 50 United States, at Midvale -90 The Broadwater and Big Four exploration explora-tion plants were constructed during the summer and were designed to treat the immense pile of tailings accumulated I north of Park City. The chief product , of the mills is the zinc concentrate. Both mills were running at full capacity during the latter part of the year. Park City Plants. The Daly-Judge mill was finished in 1914, but did not fully get into commission commis-sion until lfl5. It is concentrating and flotation. The Tintic Milling company started building its plant last year and it will be finished shortly after the first of this year, it will roast the low-grade ores and leach them. The Utah Leasing company is treating the dumps of the old Newhouse or South Utah property, using notation, and the same is true with the Caido, which is treating the old dumls at the Horn Silver. The Park City mill is held back by a metallurgical problem that is being worked out. The Prince of Wales mill uses concentration to treat 50,000 tons of old mine fillings in Big Cottonwood Cot-tonwood canyon. It was just getting started as the year closed. The Utah Mineral Concentrating company Is a straight concentrating plant at Kureka. Semtjer Activities. The smelters of the state did an enormous enor-mous business during the latter part of IMo, and every available furnace at each of thu four active smelters was in operation. opera-tion. Although there were no big additions addi-tions made to smelting facilities, tne year 1916 will see even greater advances in smelting than have been seen in the past. Utah this year became the greatest producer pro-ducer of zinc in its history. The Utah smelters are not equipped to handle this ore, and it is all shipped east to the gas belt of Kansas and Oklahoma. The United Stales company was the only one that started in the zinc business, purchasing tnree smelters in Kansas, at La Harpe, lola and AUoona. Salt Lake is looked upon as the mining center of the intermountain region, and u established this more permanently than ever during the past year, drawing ores from California, Nevada, Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Montana, Wyoming and Colorado, There are now but four smelters operating op-erating in Utah. They are the Murray and Garfield plants uf the American Smelting & Refining company, the United States Smelting company plant at Mid-vale Mid-vale and the International Smelting company com-pany piarrt at Tooele. At one time the combined smelting capacity ca-pacity of tiie nine smelters that existed In the state was 14,000 tons a day of oro and charge. With five of the plants thrown In the scrap heap since 1908, the smelters that are now in operation have a capacity of 12,000 tons. It is probable that there will be some increase in the capacity of these during the present year. The little plants have all disappeared. They Included the Yampa, the Majestic, the Independent, the Tintic and the Shem. During the past year the United States smelter added JJoO.000 worth of new equipment to its property. The concentrator concen-trator and electrostatic plants were increased in-creased and additional bags, roaster and coolers were put in.