Show FARM AND GARDEN I MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGRICULTURISTS Pm rrtnt Il1n1 AtMllt snide lion nt tho a11 hd 1111 1 Threat IlnrlIeotlurh ltlcullure a4 II loft Culture I 5J yr1 N the soil are found r ANA I the decaying rein r nnnts of plants nnll 1 I iff animals which con V JIIA taln considerable I i V quantities of nitrogen nitro-gen the rocks from s which tho soil has Iron made usually II contain an appreciable appreci-able amount of nitrogen ni-trogen and every rain washes from the atmosphere Into tho soil small quantities of nitrogen compounds RaYS an experimental station sta-tion bulletin Then the roots foraging for food and tending out shoot here and there In their quest take up by mean ot nn apparatus carried by nil root hairs wherever and whenever they ran bodies containing nitrogen Hu It may bo asked since It II 1 a well known fact Hint fourfifth of the nt moiphcro Is pure nitrogen why doe not Ibo plant take this element directly from tho air Tim reason Is I simply thl That all tbo higher plants ran take up nitrogen only when It Is I combined com-bined with other elements The leave can lake It up when It Is I united with another element to form ammonia and the root prefer It when Ill Is I combined 1 In the form of nitrate as for example saltpeter Yet there are plants as lo I fe J d cent experiments have demonstrated that by slightly Indirect l means can take nitrogen from the air Among the many microscopic organism discovered discov-ered In the latter day and shown to be the cause ot many subtle material I charges some exist with floe power rf rating free nitrogen or of taking nitrogen i ni-trogen from the air They tho nitrogen nitro-gen eaters will live on tho root of certain cer-tain plants though as far as our knowledge ION at present not 01 all When a plant II I fortunate enough to most the demands of the nitrogen at era Its supply of nitrogen compounds is I fissured If all other conditions are favorable fa-vorable Tho minute organisms will settle on tho root ot tho plants and by means yet unknown will cause tho nl rogi ii of the air surrounding tho roots to cuter Into combinations tnat will be cccptablo to the plant This however is I not done without a Just return The mlnuto orgaulms med for their well beinG such organic substance us the plants can produce these nro taken from the roots of tho plant and the organisms are thus teen to bo parasites on the plant Tho plant to which these nitrogen caters will attach themselves aro the members of tho leguminous family Important mem ber of which are tho pea nnd lucern We hate now considered In a very elementary ele-mentary manner tho Importance of the nitrogenous compounds of a plant to the farmer and the source on which a plant depend for Its supply of nitrogen that several different gen Since It is I a fact ferent kinds of nitrogenous substance are found In all plants we may now logically ask are all the nitrogenous substances found In plant of eqaal value at flesh formers The answer to the question of the last oaragrapu Is I emphatically no All the boUIca containing con-taining nitrogen In any plant may be divided Into two clauses those that may be used by an animal In building muscular tissue and those that may not The first class Is I made up of several sev-eral members which resemble each other oth-er In composition nnd In general behavior be-havior They All further resemble tho white of an egg or albumen and are therefore called albuminoids like albumen al-bumen The other clan of nitrogenous substance may bo called nonalbumi noids In the study of tho ntlumlnolds It has been found tint they weigh very nearly six and a quarter time as much as the nitrogen they contain Since the nonalbumlnold usually nro present pres-ent only I small quantities the client lit very often determine all tho nitrogen nitro-gen a plant contains and after multiplying multi-plying It by six and a quarter calls It Crude Protein Ohio Ton nihlp 1rHlt t ninnil lon > n I Ohio Station Ilullctln Illackknot I ot plum and cherry Is I found wherever I these trees nro grown Poach elI i el-I Iowa appears In occur In all portions of Ohio where peaches are commercially commer-cially crown The San Jose scale bad been Introduced probably within oven I or eight years nt a great many point In the state exclusively In nursery 1 stock ol Infested with this Insect With t Ohios orchard Interests tho need for great earn In preventing tho spread of these cncmtod of fruit trees Is readily apparent to every one Ulackknot maybe may-be prevented by the removal and burning burn-Ing of all knot each year before March It possible each yellows Is I held In check by the removal and burning burn-Ing of all Infected tree each season The San Jose scale require vigorous measure likewise Badly Infested trees should be taken out and burned while Insects and trees are dormant Trees leis Infested may be pruned and treated with whale oil soap solution made by dissolving 1i pounds of coop In ono gallon of water The treatment Is I applied at any time when leave are off and lust as bud are starting In the spring The Ohio law of 1896 provides pro-vides for tho appointment of boards of fruit commissioners by the township of trustees upon the written petition flvo freeholders The law Is I mandatory manda-tory upon tho trustees requiring them to appoint these township fruit com mlfuloner upon petition as stated f Wherever fruits are grown and the trees are affected with any or nil of the t troubles mentioned above such commissioners I com-missioners are provided for by the statute stat-ute Bulletin 72 of the Ohio Hxperl m at Station Issued under the re ulrt i menls of tho law describes the blart knot yellows and Ban Jose scale and Hives Information concerning them It also contains a copy of the Inw as an I appendix Tills bulletin will be sent I free to all who apply and In quantity II I to township I clerk npd fruit commissioners commis-sioners hating use for It upon application appli-cation tu the Kxperlmenl Station Wooster O Complaint has lien mad I Drill In tome townships the trustees hate refused tu Appoint eommlilontrs I upon the presentation ot proper poll I lions Tills matter of their tclusit I was submitted to the Attorney jener I nl ot Ohio Ho gives an opinion to I the client that where bhckkuot I or i peach yellows Is I found to exist they township trusttes must appoint such I cutan resin Herr upon presentation of u petition In compliance with the statute I stat-ute He stales This duly Is I not a discretionary one but Is I mandatory rfthI upon them the trusties If the trustee trus-tee fall or refuse to perform any duty enjoined upon them by this act the proper method to compel the per formance of such duty Is I by n pro ecedliiK In mandamus Instituted In the Common 1leas Circuit or Supreme Court It Is also to bu uuacrsiuod that the cost of mandamus proceed tugs may not be paid out ut PUJIIC inuues but will fall upuu the tiusieui purtuuuliy Miffs 1 Nolr There Is I a rapidly Increasing Interest In the sheep Industry In thu south and wherever suulhdowns have been Intro duced they hate nearer filled 1 the requirement re-quirement for Hint section tluu any other breed Southdown breeder lira 10 bu congratulate upon the fact that the Tennessee Centennial lUposltloL through III cry liberal premiums of firs an excellent nuii t n L 1 1 their hel i il ti fKru thicji to the addition of thu far n ors of the south The exhibition 01 toutbdown at this centennial ouUil lo uo of the highest thatacler both us to numbers and quality of tho nalmali shown The annual meeting of tho American Southdown Breeders Association will bo held In tho secretary olllco at Springfield III on Wednesday May 26 JJ7 ut 10 oclock n m At this meet ing the regular annual election of olll corn will bu held Among other matters mat-ters icrtnlnlug to Iho association that mavreecho Attention will bo time changing of rule of entry so 31 to iu quire Iho registry of an additional cross viz hroalgrandslrc and great rrauddarns In cases when tho nnc I tort are lot already recorded I Also tho matter of holding n meeting of tho association In Chicago during the tat stock show this winter should such show bu held Tin Southdown Sheep Breeders Association As-sociation and tho Southdown Club two rival organizations In England having tho Southdown sheep Industry In Interest In-terest have united Into one orfanlta lion tho Bouthdown Sheep Society and elected Mr Walter William Chapmin the former efficient secretary of the Sheep Breeders 1 sioclatlon as secre tory of the new society It member of the united society will permit Air Chapman to conduct Its affair In up todata modern ways the Interest of the Southdown breed of sheep will be very greatly benefited If on tho other oth-er hand as there are Indications tho policy of the society Is to bo of an un dent order Its usefulness will be of little account and It Is I even likely to bo found a detriment to tbu interests It Is I Intended to promote llo recent test for early lambs under tho auspices of the National Stockman Stock-man and tanner and conducted by Air Gco M Wtlller Mnryvllle Onto was made by using two Southdown and two Dor ct rams upon two flocks of Lrulo llambuulllct owes elkbtylltu In each Hock This test Is I uf value bceaaio by It Is I shown that lambs averaging 74 day old may bo made to weigh 49 pounds each and that theo may bo sold at nn ap ago of U each fur the butcher bluer what other kind of do mestic animal iau beat this as a moneymaker money-maker The list alto show that for profllcacy the Southdown ran claim equity with tho bonus although this Is I one of the claims of the latttr for superiority The Southdowus produced pro-duced b7 and the Dorset b3 lambs j a B Illlfflit III tpilr Tho rule Is I that aged treui which have gone through thu period of active ac-tive growth tile not nu vitally affected affect-ed with bllkht they ore II Mil younger young-er and there Is I more sap wood rays llomistiad The sup wood Is must subject to blight although no part of tho trees thai are subject to It Is I exempt ex-empt The olllllan WIIII and Wagoner Wag-oner are very susc ptlble to blight mind their presence on wino soils during the period of growth and establishment establish-ment is I a distress and a weariness of tho flesh of any lover of trees Nevertheless Never-theless the merits of these and other sort that blight are such when they got old and fruitful that they aro planted every year and they stay with Ui When tree that blight readily are planted they should not be grown too rapidly I nod after they tart that should be seeded down so as to make the growth slower This may not work on all soils but It has been our observation observ-ation and Is I worth trying They need I north hillside I I planting with IG thin soil i and only a moderate annual growth Orcen Manuring Orow clover cow pease and other crops on the land to bo turned under In somo snipe mako all the coarse manure possible on the farm then supplement these with liberal lib-eral supplies of potash In the form of nurlato or sulphate of potash or In xalnlt and with phosphoric acid In dissolved bono or phosphate rock and If the nitrogen Is I not secured from the air u It should be buy nitrate ot sods 11 15 VanDcman I flJ Iy some the Iflat I a In cure culture In the Southern states since ISlO Is ascribed to n competition begun eight l leers ago In one of the a cultural papers which offered n cash hurls to I the American farmer who raised the I largest crop lo the I acre of any ceteal Pays For Worth Live Stock Importer The prim for wheat went ti Utah fur oat to Niw York for barley to Ohio and for corn strange to relate to South Carolina Onu farmer In Marlborough Marl-borough calmly In tint state established estab-lished his claim to hate rallied a crop from the awarding of the prize was a revelation lo many Southern farmer who bad uniformly regarded cotton ns the spa < pie agricultural product of the South and had seen neither reason nor prolll In the cultivation of corn Since then rhateter the reason of the development develop-ment of the corn crop In the South may have been It Is n fact that It his been enormously Increased and that the western stairs no longer hold thilr relative re-lative prominence as cnrngrowcrs Uy the ofllclal census of 1380 thero weN produced In Iho United States In that year 1750000000 bushels of corn and by figures of tho dtparcmcnt of agriculture agri-culture In 1895 fifteen years later the corn crop of tho Untied State was 2 160000000 bushel Tho Increase however how-ever was not uniform It was greatest In tho southern stale Alabama Increased In-creased iron 26000000 lo 45000000 bushels Arkansas Increase from 21 000000 to CO000000 bushels more than double Louisiana Increased from ten to twentytwo million bushels Utor ela from twcnllhrco to fortytwo million mil-lion riorldi from three lo six million mil-lion and Texas most rimarkablo ol all from twcnlynluu lo ouo hu idrcd l and nell million Mississippi Increased In-creased from twcnlyono to thlrtyllvi million bushels and South Carolina from cloven to twenty million Vhlle tho southern states have been Inercas Ing their corn product tho former corn state have either made no gain or have been fulling oft From 1880 to 1S90 Iowa Increased only from 275 to SM million bushels Indiana from 115 to 12i and Michigan from 33 to 31 million bushels Wisconsin toll on from 34 to 33 million bushels Ohio from 111 to 92 million and Illinois once the chief cornproducing stale In tho corn belt from 125 to 2U million bushels I In Ihosamo period Now York declined from 25 to U million biuholi lime corn product ot leuusltaula falloff fall-off from 45 to 43 million bushels and In other state t the fait or middle I I west the proportionate decline wall practically the sumo The south Is I the II itelon In which thero has been a ma tcrml Incrranu In corn product li TuhrrciiloU ImurubloT Tho agricultural experiment slatloi of Indiana In a recent bulletin No C3 make the broad statement that curative cura-tive mean are unknown In tho treatment treat-ment of tuberculosis or consumptlua On this statement National Stockman comments as follows Wo think thll statement could not have been made or at least unqualified for In cues where tho disease has been taken at the outset there lute been known soon complete cures At tho pot mortem examination of tbo bodies at the Paris morgue It has been found that quits a large per cent of the lodlen showed healed tubercles that Is I tbe uojeil bad had Ibo dUeasu but owing to ouml change of life the progress of the disease dis-ease hud been arrested und the patient recovered The imturo of ihu disease Is I such thai these cases Kuvo InUiuut able evidence of the facts The progress prog-ress of tho disease Is I marked by the growth of Ibo germs which results In the breaking down ut thu tissues and In cases where too disease bus been checked Us former preieueu Is I marked by the healed tubercles The Itural wac Worker published I some time ago I an account of a case where several cow acme subjected to the tuberculin test and showed reaction Instead ol I being slaughtered they weru removed to a sliible whcio they could have an i abundance of pure air uud nuuulilno and at tho end of a year they wire again subjected Iu the test but showed show-ed no trace of reaction and upon bo slaughtered were found to bu w bully bul-ly cured uf thu disease hero Is as Jet no medicine thut will effect a cure but with tllher man or beast If the ease Is I not too fat gone an abundaueu of pure air and suiithiuo will often do so Tae dlneufco Is I bad enough as It Is I and lotus lot-us not take from it ouu ray of bOll the ebaucu ut recovery lleeey llushrs III auwuor All berry bushv should bo protoctod from summer heat and drouth This may bo dono In two ways 1lrst by frequent cultivation anti hoeing thus fuming un earth mulch which prevents pre-vents the rapid escape of moisture from the soil Second by covering the ground around Ibo hill with coar o manure ma-nure straw and other material which prevents evaporation and retains the moisture about the roots Ono of thu best and cheapest mulches for tho farmer far-mer Is green clover cut In blossom and applied same as manure It Is I easily applied retains moisture enriches the soil keeps tho berried clean and contains con-tains no germ of noxious weeds A good mulch well applied Is I one of the great ccccssltiea la cucccssful fruit crowing When now canes of the blackberry nnd blackraipborry are eighteen Inches high nip tho top oft about two Inches this will cause several sev-eral now laterals to grow which should bo trimmed ixitorely In tho spring The pinching back cf now growth is I Important Im-portant It largely Increase Ibo bearing bear-ing surface keep the bush low strong well farmed and less I liable to Injury from severe storms31 A Thayer When butler Is worked very dry tin grains of Hilt left In It are not dissolved dis-solved and remain In a gritty condition condi-tion |