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Show Expert on Political Science Defines, Patriotism to Jury as Ford Libel Case Witness Of NT CLKMENS. Mich., July 31 I w Reference again was made to ! Samuel Johnson and the doc-. doc-. . V JL trines of Ern ma Goldman, and Prince Kropotkin was quoted today to-day in the hearing of Henry Ford's libel suit against the Chicago 1'aily Tribune. Professor William A. Uunning of Columbia Co-lumbia university, an expert on history and political science, was under cross-examination cross-examination by Kliiott G. Stevenson, senior se-nior counsel for the defendant. It was finally established, according to the test Imony, tha t when 1 r. Johnson paid. "Patriotism is tne last refuge of scoundrels," he referred to Kdinund Burke. Kropotkin was quoted by Mr. Stevenson Steven-son as writing; "We specifically disavow treating others as we would not have them treat us." Mr. Stevenson add need that the scriptural scrip-tural equivalent of this Is found in "Love thy neighbor as thyseif," and "Io unto others as thou wouldst Vie done by." i "You told us yeterdriy that the essence es-sence of government is. force?" reminder Mr. Stevenson. Witness r.odded ;ind was -'-minded ;hat the stenographer couid not hear nods. "Arid loyalty is another element of government?" gov-ernment?" Defines Loyalty. Professor Punning said he did not tinders tin-ders ta nd, and the lawyer er.dea voref to show how disloyalty can weaken or destroy de-stroy an army. "I man that if a. soldier :? worried about those at home it would tend to shake his loyalty," said Mr. Stevenson. "Vou start out with a broad question and now you are becoming quite specific," countered the witness. There was a long colloquy over the meaning of the words "anarchy," "anarchism" "an-archism" fi'nd "anarchist." Professor Dunning Dun-ning Insisted that one who s'-eks by violent vio-lent means to overthrow government is the best definition of anarchist, as commonly com-monly understood. Professor Punning declared that Mexican Mexi-can conditions during the last ye;irs were comparable to those in tiie United States in lsOl. Kederai authority in Mexico has fa : ; ed in p;ir i s of that conn try, Just as that at Washington did not cover all the country in lsCI, the witness stated. "There has not been anarchy in Mexico in the serene that there has been no government," gov-ernment," said the witness. "!0ven while one revolt followed another?" an-other?" "Certainly; there was a'wavs a government, gov-ernment, no ma t! how much fight ing there was." Attorney Alfred f,ur-;intr on redirect examination ex-amination read from rie-ision? of the supreme su-preme court of the Uni ted St a t es vh ere the word "violence" was included as an e.-.en la in the definition of ''anarchist." "That agrees wi; h my understanding," said 1 'rofesvor Punning. "Poes the law of the United Spates allow a narch !ta to come into the ooun-I ooun-I tr?. ?" "The U:w excludes." replied Professor 1 (Continued on Pago 'J, Column 6.) ican revolutionists did not go to war i destroy government." Mr. Lucking read an article by Emrr.;-Goldman Emrr.;-Goldman eleven years after the assnss;-nation assnss;-nation of President McKinley, In wh' Leon Czolgosz, the assassian, was refef, to as "a martyr to the cause of anarc.: "That is pure anarchistic sentiment, said the witness, as was also, he saiu her attack on the profit-sharing p'ri He said he read Mr. Ford's articles opP0i" ing war and preparedness, but in not; of them found any such essentially anarchistic an-archistic sentiments. SUIT IS WITNESS li FORD LIBEL CASE , (Continued From Page One.) Dunning. Mr. Lucking quoted Emma Goldman as writing: "Anarchism rouses man against that black monster (God)"; "Religion fetters the mind of man"; "The state, with its theory of property, fetters the needs of men"; "Society enslaves the spirit or man." The lawyer said these quotations represented repre-sented the essence of the teachings of Emma Goldman, and asked if he found any such sentiments fn Mr. Ford's writings. writ-ings. "I did not," said Professor Dunning. World Brotherhood Ideas. With reference to Mr. Ford's ideas on world brotherhood, Mr. Lucking introduced intro-duced a cablegram sent by President Wilson Wil-son to Russia in 117, in which he said that brotherhood among nations must no longer be a phrase but must be given structure. Witness found nothing anarchistic anar-chistic about that, nor about a Tribune editorial of similar purport which stated: "We have entered Into a brotherhood of nations. It will last. It is at bottom not a brotherhood of nations but a brotherhood brother-hood of men." President Wilson's statement that "wo have no quarrel with the German people," peo-ple," witness paid, was a sentiment similar simi-lar to M r. Ford's. Professor Dunning defined "a narchy" as the use of violence to overthrow government. gov-ernment. Puts Pointed Question. "Then would you call George Washington, Washing-ton, Thomas Jefferson ami the signers t,f the declaration of independence anarchists?" anar-chists?" inquired A t torie-y Stevenson. "No." said t he witness. "Anarch v i.v an absence of government, and the Amer- |