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Show c7?e BRITISH CRISIS VI. HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S ARMY. By FREDERIC J. HASKIN. t!ou. But the voluntary enlistment principle has been preserved intacL The territorials are enlisted only for home defense and may not be used except In the British Isles. ' They are. In fact, a "militia organized for the purpose of repelling an invader, should the navy fall lo preserve the Inviolability of British shores. The territorials may be compared to the militia in those American states whose national guard in rated as first-class. first-class. They have a certain amount of regular drill work, some special Instruction, and must spend several weeks each year In maneuvers. The territorials are, however, much more I closely related to the regular army than the American militia. Each ter-iltorlal ter-iltorlal organization is connected with some regiment of regulars, and the men have the benefit of instruction instruc-tion from regular army officers. The "Boy Scouts" are another result re-sult of the German scare. They are young boys in school who volunteer to submit to a certain amonut of military mil-itary discipline and training. They correspond to the high school cadet corps of American cities, except that Gen. Baden-Powell n.ns appealed to boy nature by substituting a khaki uniform and a combination of wild ' west and South African scout drills LONDON. July 10. Of the twenty-five twenty-five principal nations of the world only three depend entirely upon voluntary- enlistment to supply their nrmles. These three are the British Empire, the Chinose Empire, and the United States of America. It has been one of Britain's proudest boasts for two centuries tha't it always could rely upon a sufficient number of patriotic pa-triotic volunteers to fill Its army and that It need not enforce conscription American thought has followed in the British path, and the entire English speaking people has been united In considering compulsory military service ser-vice incompatible with free institutions institu-tions and democratic government. With respect to the army, more than in any other way, the republican America and the monarchical British always hnve been more democratic than any other nations. Monarchical Germany, republican France and patriotic pa-triotic Japan are most strict among the sixteen nations which compel every able-bodied man to serve a certain cer-tain time in the army. Decadent Spain and Portugal, no others, depend entirely upon forced conscription, in which men drawn by lot are compelled com-pelled to serve with the. colors. Now comes a strong party in England Eng-land demanding that Great Britain turn Its back on the democratic past and institute a system of universal compulsory army service. The Chinese Chi-nese government is making plans looking In the same direction The United States Is to be left as the sole exponent of the volunteer system. The reason for thj c.iange of attitude atti-tude . on the part of many Englishmen English-men 1? the. menace or the rising Ger man power. The fear of Gcimany 1.4 the mainspring of much revolutionary thought In this country. Until now i there has been no reason why Great; Britain should demand military ser- j vice of all Its young men. Voluntary Volun-tary enlistment kept tip the necessary fcrce, and England, although govern- ing the greatest Empire ever subject sub-ject to one crown, has never needed a great army. In the Eighteenth Century, when England laid the foundations of the piesent Empire it the seven years war with France, the British depended depend-ed upon others to do their fighting. The Garmans did it for them in Europe, Eu-rope, and were well rewarded with substantial subsidies. The "American j colonists aided them in America, and added Canada to the British domln- i ions. In the last, quarter of that cen- j tury England was unable to defeat, j her rebel colonists in America, al- ' though she hired German soldiers to I tight for her. Then the thirteen col- 1 onies were lost, and England learned I a lesson, and ever since has so gov- I ened her possessions that force has j seldom been required to back up diplomacy. di-plomacy. At the dawn of the Nineteenth Cen- j tniy Napoleon threatened the British supremacy, but -England did c'ompara- tively little fighting on land. Subsi- i dies were paid to the German armies : and the brain -of a -Pitt battled for! Britain in lieu of legions." Wellington Welling-ton conducted the" Peninsular cam- i paign, und was captain on the glori oub field of Waterloo, but it was Nel- for the more formal and exacting dress and duties of a cadet, i The territorial volunteers, the boy scouts, the "Girl Guides." and the Imperialist Im-perialist agitation generally has had the effect of awakening a patriotic j interest in the army which Britain never before has passcBsod. Mr. , Kipling's scolding Is no longer need-' need-' ed. The English are frightened and they are enthusiastic about their army, in spite of popular excitement, I however, the so-called Blue Water I school maintains the ascendancy and I British relies upon its navy to save It from Invasion. This Implicit trust ir. the navy Is probably the only rea- ton why compulsory military service j has not been adopted. If tho Cen-servatlve Cen-servatlve party should again come Into power it is probuble that soui-j sjistem of universal service will be Instituted. The British army Is quite small, its regular force at home and abroad, exclusive of India, amounting only to 170.000 men, or about twice as many as the American standing army. At least 70.000 of these men are required requir-ed lor garrison duty abroad Th regular establishment In India comprises com-prises about 75,000 white men. The native - army is more than 115,000 strong. Including the colonial mlli-tl.i.s, mlli-tl.i.s, the army reserves, the territo rials, and all othei orees composed oi white men, the total strength of the British army Is CS0.000 men. Mak- I ing similar inclusions, Germany has ' more than four million soldiers, and has practically all of them at home. The United Kingdom of Great Britain Brit-ain and Ireland, ever since the Boer war. has spent from $125,000,000 to $140,000,000 a year on Its army, practically prac-tically the same as :s spent by the United States. But India also spends S10o.n00.O00 a year on the army, and C'ther parts of the empire expend $f.0,00ti.000. If the entire British army m 800,000 men. Bi-ilsh and native Indian, be considered, the annual cost Is 5300,000.00o; or more than a hundred millions a year more than Germany spends to hialntaln Its Immense Im-mense military establishment. Compulsory universal service and small pay of the ofllcers and men enables en-ables Germany to maintain its vast l.v superior army at only two-thirds of the cost of the inferior British army. f Great Britain must fight Germany for its life' aud - empire, It behooves the BritlsTi to be more economical. This aigument Is the greatest weapon in the hauds of the Imperialistic military party In iLs attack at-tack upon tho time-honored British notion of a volunteer army. son and the navy, not the Great Duke, i that Raved England.- German soldiers I were fighting for British supremacy 1 then.- - ' I With the donw fall of Napoleon and I the dawn of the modren age of ma- j chlnor.v. Great Brltalu. nt once began ' to realize the fruits of Its maritime supremacy and Its '"splendid lsola- tion.'.' Continental Europe indulged in a long series of bloody wars, Germany Ger-many was only a name for a score of quarreling states, the French imperial instinct died on St Helena. While these other nations were at war, England Eng-land was waxing rich In commerce.; Only the Crimean war, In which Eng- ! land did not tight alone, and the Indian In-dian mutiny. serlouly " Interrupted eight decades of profound peace. J Then came the Boer war. For the first lime In Its modern history Great Britain faced an embattled nation alone. Thero were no Prussian al- 1 lies, no Hessian mercenaries. Tho ' Boer republics were small and poverty-stricken, and England imagined that the war would be brief and Inexpensive. In-expensive. The navy could do nothing, noth-ing, for this was a land light, a cam jnign in which. tho British were on' the offensive. The magnlfilcenl patriotism pa-triotism of the British people, at homo and in the colnles, responded to the unexpected call and thousands upon thousands of volunteers donned the king's coat and went to the South African war. But it cost many lives j and more than a billion anil half dol- I lars i.f treasure. j The Inefficiency of the British reg- ' ular.army was proved in the Boer war Ever since that time the Im- 1 pcriitlistic party in Great Britain has been demanding a greater army. Dur- 1 Ir.g the past year, under the Influence of tho German uenre, this demand has swelled into a . great chorus which threatens to drown out all other questions except those concerned with the navy. ; The territorial forcos. au organized militia of a nominal strength of .110-HOO .110-HOO and having 210.000 effective men, h the concrete result of this aglta- |