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Show II T7hat Ar.iate;.r-Hardeners Want to' Know About Raising Flowers tjj Study of Perennials, Biennials and Annuals 1 Essential to Producing the jri Best Results I A SELECTED LIST OF POPULAR PERENNIALS I'M IfV) Ol . Common Natno. Color. Rloom. ! i OoublpSncezcwort. Wliltc May. Oct. ) 1 Milfoil IMnk. vcllow nud J "hlto Somrott. J flollvhnok Vnrlnu .Summer. j nrranmnt nwnhlue ...SiitimrT i Wlntlflowcr White, nlnk Autumn 1 nnldpn M.iroirrltc. . WHo-r ..lulv. ,nc. i Columbine Vnrloun June-Autr. H ; Mrw York Aster.. ..I'lirnlr SonU. Oft. M , JNunipPoDnv rtmwTiMh white. . .Avitmt- )h i Pn'Ff Chamomile . -Vlnlcnnd white. . ..Annit III v ICmnwml YVllotv Julv.Au?. J B ' PrrpinlalCornnowprBluc Juno.July. f'U8 I - Unrtlv Clio-santUe- 33Li mum Vnrlou ..Tnly-Oct. SV" PiTcWinim ... . 1 . . . Vnricras June. Tulv. J ' ShnthhvClcmaUs. . nlun Ain..S,rr)t Ivrkcp"r Various. ........ ..Tuni.-.Iulv i Sweet William Vnrtou Juno. July. rfb'j 5rotrh Pink Vnrlo'is Juno. WMi "O'Ctflov Various .July. 1 Purtiif Conillowrr. .Purnle ...Julv-Oct j -illollv Prpelhlnc I'Hv Ane. nibv'o nrctl) Whltn Juno-Vie nevtrort . . Yellow Ani.Seni. rtnrrlv Sunnon-er. . . Yellow Amp.. Sent. Yellow Divv Lllv Yellow tv..Jnne. wrxmn V.nno. ..... .Pink, wlilte Anr . Sept. .i.irKinranlrla Vrtnus Jnlr j riworfTrio Vnrloii" Mxv.Juno. 1 Cu-rMnil Flower nWchf lnnl .Tulv. Oct f HDlne . . , Ttlue. rose! white. Tulv. Oct , .Innimletr Orovi. . . .Smr"el Time. Inlv. I' r.vpfl'ne PHmrtwe . . Yellow Iimo-Alic. npard Tonsuo. SenrW July. Ponv Varlon .June TTerrlv Phlox Vnr'oii'- .July Sinf . MoVPlnfc I.l'fie. whllo Anil May. f lrlmr.nl Ponnv Bnrlpfc Jnn" llnlloo'l llower Pine, white, ..... . Jlllv Sent. O-onwori '. .Pln- Anril.Jnne nveMf"1nwSweet.''nk ..Inn, lulv . I Cr- I,iyenor Tvtidrr Im'v. Aim 5 Mcndow Rue Pln't ,Msv-Julv. I Clobpflowcr. ..... .Yellow Mat Juno. i Tun'cft ..Pink Junc-Auy. Hanry Socedwcll . . , Vlo'et July. Aun. j'i Tufted Pansy Various , . .Aprll-Oct. By PROF. DAVID LUMSDEN. ri- HOSE who would roaltzo the full Joys I J oj flower Bardenins should mako themselves familiar with the thrco 2 olasscs of plants known to the, botanist and jfi'f gardener as hardy herbaceous pernnlala. W blfcnnlals and annuals. Tho que5fiffiH5 e I frequently asked: What Is a herbaceous I j perennial, a blonnlnl, and nn annual? Hovy Jim r do they differ from cach'oth-er? &Q f A plant is herbaceous when lt shows tho Rj - character of a herb, naturally dying to tho I j irround. lacking definite woody, firm Btruc-j. Btruc-j. tufe. It Is perennial when it lives over from h 1 I year ypar. Thereforo when we speak of fl herbaceous perennials wo allude to plants I ! ; which at eomo tlmo during tho year loso 1 ; their leaves nnd stems but not their roots. I ! Sucti plants an the larkspur, hollyhock. Orl-I Orl-I i cntal Poppy, gardehphlox and peony aro I i examples. A biennial Is a plant of two years duration, al usually dovolopln;: prowth without flowora iM tho fh-st year from seed. Tho second year it ?H produces flowers and perfects Its seed if lt tfl Is allowed to do so. Then tho Ufa cycle of 'ML 1,10 nnt IiJ completed. Sweet Williams, can- 9 terbury bell and foxglovo aro examples, il An annual Is a plant herbacoous in char- wj ' liiiSininiiSiimiiM acter like the perennial and biennial, but It Is of one year's duration. The seed of the annual I? sown In tho spring, the plant develops de-velops growth, then It flowers, and after forming seed Its life mission is fulfilled. Examples Ex-amples of annuals are thp China aster, sweet pea. fuoet alyssum. California poppy, verbena ver-bena and cosmos. The planning and planting of a garden devoted to I he culture of annual, blennl.il and perennial flowers Is an Immensely Interesting In-teresting study: and the pleasuro derived from cultivating such a garden furnishes an Ideal form of recreation which would be exceedingly ex-ceedingly hard to equal. The business man would enjoy it during mornings and evenings, even-ings, and his family practically all the time. Flower gardening has a lure for the young and old alike. Keats has so ably described 11 In a few words: "A thing of beauty Is a Joy forever." Tho growing popularity of hardy herbaceous herba-ceous gardening Is due largely to the fact that (he plants used are easy of culture; that they do not call for pi ass houses lo protect them during the winter months; that summer drought will not Injure them, and that if the plants have been carefully selected or.p- may have a contlnuanco of bloom ihroughout the garden from early In the spring until quite late In the fall. Many of tho herbaceous oerennlals may be allowed al-lowed to remain In the same position In the garden undisturbed for two, three or more Hardy herbaceous plants are. as n rule, placed In the garden border and framed by an adequate setting of follago in tho form of flowering shrubs or evergreens. Such a planting can be mado particularly attractive attrac-tive and beautiful by carrying out a carefully care-fully planned color scheme. It is not to bo understood, however, that herbaceous perennials per-ennials are used only for border planting. They are used In other positions in the garden, gar-den, giving good effects: In fact a slnglo flower bed may be mado very pleasing by the use of somo of the moro attractive perennials per-ennials with other companion plants. How to Get Best Results. A pleasing composition would bo a flower bed planted to peonies, combined with daf- fodils and lilies. The daffodils would givo tho first impression of spring, appearing partlcu-.larly partlcu-.larly attractive backed up with the green-bronzo green-bronzo young follago of the peony. After the flowering period of tho daffodil ia over the peony will be in evidence, to bo followed by tho Japan lily. Lllium speclosum, or somo of its varieties, during the late summer. To get tho best out of a perennial flower , garden a few Important details must not bo overlooked. Tho first deals with the preparation prepara-tion of tho soil. The. soil Is the homo of tho plant. Wo must, therefore, see to It that tho home has been mado habitable and suitable. suit-able. Fortunately tho great majority of tho plants listed as cither annuals, biennials or perennials thrive well In ordinary garden soli. A deep, fairly sandy soli supplies their wants In this particular. In preparing a flower bed or border for a new planting the soil should bo well supplied . J i yJy J s FRONT t " 7 s ) " U FRONT SUGrGESTlVE PLAXV4T1 KG- of A HrXRDy HERBACEOUS HERBAC-EOUS FLOWER. BORDER, 35' IX 12. PLANTING KEY FOR BORDER OF HARDY PERENNIALS. linen plan may be uyed separately, or No, 2 plan may faliow No. I, muklnir a continuous border Beyenty feet la cngth. Oi No. 2 mny form a companion border to No. 1. with a Rrass patb live feet wide In between. No. Name. Height In Ft Period of Bloom. Color. 1 Aster novl-brlKll mr. Whlto Ouccn 5 August Whlto " Althca rosea var. Newport rink 6-0 Summer ,,Pluk 3 Anchtisa Italian var. Dropmoro r Summer Dluo 4 Bocconla cordata 8 Summer Whit 5 nellnnthufi rltfrius var. Miss Mclllsh. .1 Atu; . Sopt Yellow C Aster nmellus var. Ucauty of Col r ell -I Aiifjust. -Pink 7 Holtcnla Iatl50uama , 0 AurusI White S Delphinium var. Kins of Delphiniums. ... .0 Juno. July Dark bluo 0 HellanUius mollis - July, Sept Yellow 10 Hibiscus mosrlieutcs var.Merhnn'o Marvels 0 Aucc.. Sept Hose pink U Dlcltalls mirpurca fV-0 Jul", Whlto 12 Asfr novac-ani?l ao ft Sept . Oct. Purple- 13 Delphinium var. Ucladonna 31 Summer.,.. Palo blue 11 I.nium candldum a 1 Summer. Whlto IS Phlox panlculata. 3 J.ato summer Pink 10 Peony alblflom var. Canarlc a Ilarly summer.. . .White tinted primroso In centre 17 l.lllum ppeelosum roscum 3 Late summer Raoo pink IS Iris eerman ca var. Pa lida dalmatlca. 3 Juno Lavender 10 Astllbe davldll -1 Summer.... lloso 20 Lunlnus po'yphyllus albus. , 3 Summer Whlto 21 llellanthus rteldus var. Miss Mclush. 4 July, Sept Yellow 22 Krynclum ollvcrlanum .....2-3 Juno Sept..- Steel blue 23 Delphinium forraosum , 2-1 Juno.July Vlolot blut g 2-1 Peony alblfloco var. Fcs,tlva Maxima 2-3 c Juno W'jto 2.'i Iris laev (rata , 2-3 July Bluo and whits 26 Phlos ponlculata var. Miss Oliver 3 Lato summer Palo pink 27 Aster ncrtK 2 Aucust Lavender 23 Iris Unvcsccns ..2 Karlv summer.. .. .Yellow 2fl Stohosla cyanea Hi Summpr Blue 30 Oenothera mlouri etuis , vi Junc'Autaist .... Yellow 31 IncnrvlllPA dclavayt. 1U Knrly Summer, . . .Pink 32 Platycodcn ciandlflotum., W July Sept. ...... .Bluo 33 Dlanthus plumarlus f Juno. Pink 34 TroUlus aslritlcus , 1 Bprlnc ....Yellow 35 Static latirolla 1-1J$ July,,uB .lavender 30 viola cocnuta var. Ardwcll Gnm ,, H April. Oct Yellow 37 Campanula medium.. ...... . , .2 June, July. link 38 Campanula cnrpatlca )( Juno. AuRUit Bluo 3tl Gypwiphlla panlculata., 2-3 June. Amaist Whllo 10 ITeiichcra SanKiilneii .1-1J Mav to August.. .Coral red 41 Knlpholla nvaria var. Lemon Queen 3 Lnto summer Lbtht yellow U AqulleRia cocrulca 1-2 - Juno... Blue 43 Phlox paniculate vm. MIct Oliver 3 July. August. , . . . . Palo pink 44 Iris prermanlca var. Mme. Chcrcau 3 Mav. June, , .Whit edged light bluo 46 HcracrocallN flava 3 Muy. June. Yellow ' 40 Anemone Japonlca vr, Queen Cuarlotto... 2 August Hose pink 47 Delphinium nudlcaulo, ...1 Summer.. .Scat lot 45 Polcmonlum cocmleum i$ Summer.. ....... .Sky bluo 10 Dlccntra spectabllli i June Rose pink and.whlte 60 Jbcrl Fomprrvlrens April. Mav Whit 61 Iris pumlla hybrlda var. cyanea April. May Koynl purple , EQIiT."rJnRd. coIor m:iY b Imparted to tho border by placing a fow ornamental Ilowcrius 6hrubs at tho back. Thin additional planting will give the herbaceous plants an' effective setting. V. . ) BiiiiniiiimiinniniiiuiiiiMiiiiiiiiinuiiiuiiiiiuiDiiniiiM Colors That Harmonize Give More Pleasing IH Effects Than Those Which ' , Contrast Lm with , humus by adding a liberal dressing of well decayed manure and spading it deeply Into tho soil. If the soil is somewhat acid a dressing of hydratcd lime should bo npplled after spading. Tho limo should bo applied ap-plied at tho rate of one pound to cover twenty-five square feot of ground, working tho limo into tho soil with a garden rake. This may best be done when the levelling and pulverizing operations aro under way. Just previous to setting out the plants. In gardens that aro somewhat low thorough dralnago la of first importance. Tho depth of sol! is also a great factor in tho cultivation cultiva-tion of the majority of herbaceous plants. If tho soil is shallow and lying on a hard subsoil then growth and subsequent blootn will bo comparatively poor and short lived. This is especially true in dry seasons and locations. Tho best time to plant or transplant hardy perennial plants, with few exceptions, is carl v In the spring Just as they aro beginning to grow. Where a whole season's bloom has to bo provided for . tho best way Is to plant first a mass of spring flowering, then a mass of summer flowering, then a mass of autumn blooming plants. This provides against vacant va-cant areas In tho garden at any given season; sea-son; and with tho aid of the annuals the gap caused by the passing of the early flowering sorts can be made up ia they occur by plantlrig or sowing the seed closo to tho early perennials beforo they go out of bloom. By tho liberal uao of hardy flowering bulbs, 'such as tulips, hyacinths, narcis?i and crocuses, cro-cuses, -which can bo removed soon after their flowering poriod is over and laid in reserve to ripen and mako way for tho summor flowering plants, an almost constant bloom can bo maintained, in tho flower garden. What to Plant. What to plant? This is a great and important im-portant question and much of tho success to bo achieved can only bo obtained, by giving giv-ing it very careful consideration. Tho foundation foun-dation planting, whether for flower bed or border, should bo composed very largely of hardy herbaceous plants, prominent among them being iris, peony, larkspur, columbine, bergamot, canterbury bells, chrysanthemum, hollyhock, phlox, poppy, Scotch pinks, lily, lupino and anemone. In planting a border of perennials It must not bo thought that tho season of flowering Is the only object to bo attained. Much importance im-portance should bo attached to tho habit of giowth of tho plants, for by tho caroful selection se-lection of somo of the good follago perennials which aro attractive both in and out of flower It can readily bo seen that their mission mis-sion is a very Important ono. Theso plants may bo interspersed to good advantago In various parts of the border. Good harmonies or pleasing contrasts in color composition should also recelvo most careful consideration. considera-tion. Tho art of color arrangement in a garden consists in so placing tho plants as to pro-duco pro-duco harmony or contrast In color, both in follago and In flowers. In planting a bor- "SiiiiiiiiiiikiJiiiiiiiiii dcr where color effect is to bo tho feature tho plant material used In Its composition should bo of such a nature that there wotilc H bo bloom In every part of It from June untl jJ early In November. It is obvious, however., ' that tho designer cannot secure this with jH any one kind of plant, no matter how nu- nierous its varieties; therofore ho will of nc- j 1 cessity employ several, selecting ouch species and varieties as will harmonize both in tint or color of flowers as well as in char- J actor of growth. Harmonizing colors in gen- , cral aro more pleasing than those which r t contrast, and resemble very much plaintive - . j chords of music J In laying but a border and making a study , of its color composition it is well to rcmcm-ber rcmcm-ber that blue Is tho coldest and most ro- tiring of colors and that its complementary orange Is the warmest and most advancing. An exceedingly attractive color effect in a border may bo obtained by using a gvada-tion gvada-tion or progression of colors. Commencing Jl with dark and light blue, following With 1 pale yellow, light pink, deep pink, crimson, scarlet, orange and orange scarlet, deep ycl- I J low, light yellow, white, lilac shades and purple and violet. ' - Harmony and contrast also may be illus- H trated with good effect in ono bed. As an j o.amplo the centre of tho bed may bo yel- i H low with a zono of white, surrounded by an outer ono of bluo or purple. Tho yellow ! and white harmonize, while the bluo or pur- '1 pie .furnishes tho contrasting color. Pleasing result.? arc obtained by placing plants bearing tho softer and more dellcato colors and follago near the dwelling house, and by using tho warmer colors, such as ! scarlet, crimson, orango and yollow, a dls- 1 1 tanco away in the border. Theso brighter colors should havo 'a liberal background of rich, deep grocn foliage. The most satisfactory results In planting jH are obtained by massing each color. This v method will give dignity to the flower gardon. H Caro must bo exercised, however, that tho color masses aro never so largo as to bo-come bo-come monotonous. After a dcflnlto color tH schemo has been chosen, tho plants having fH flowors of approximately tho samo color may 1 be grouped together to follow each other In il season of blooming. 1 Annuals as Good Companions. H Although hardy herbaceous plant material Is used for what is known as tho permanent planting, -we must not loso sight of tho fact fl that many of tho plants known as annuals 'H can bo used to good advantage as compan- jH Ions. Indeed, there is no limit to tho uso- fulness of tho annuals, provided they aro H given proper cultural conditions. I refer in , t jl particular to soil preparation, which does not differ in any detail from that afforded the perennials. Thinning' is necessary in order to allow the plants room to dovolop properly fl ff tho seeds' havo been sown in the bordor, Sl and staking tho taller growing species whoa f needed. Vl Annuals aro seen at their best when grow- ll ing in juxtaposition with tho perennials, al- ll though somo of tho species, like China asters, stocks, snapdragons, verbenas, and tho like, look very attractlvo in individual flower beds. tmnniiinrnnnifiimuimmiimiiiiD 7 M |