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Show pansior: of an Industry means the employment em-ployment of more workers." , . Capital she rerards as blind to US own interests when it opposes the pa ym a wag that wlU insure healths vra conditions for workers. For the Proam -tior of a factorv depends upon the em oieaov at its employees, and the e.ti-eiency e.ti-eiency of its employees depend; upon tne state of their health, as Miss an K Is ready to prove by an overwhelming amount of evidence. i Miss Anderson has gained her extensive knowledge of labor conditions ttvrouw rtrst-hand experience. Of Swedish oirtn. she came to this country at an ea.o are and entered a Chicago shoe WPtory. wl:re she stitched shoes for eighteen vaars. The greater part of this time sne was president of the local boot ana snoe workers' union, in which capacity sne drifted into larger labor circles and became be-came familiar with Industrial conditions In all parts of the country. Miss Anderson Ander-son declares that condition M noe tories are especially good that wages are high and the workrooms pleasant but the has not the same to say for other industries. in-dustries. "The greatest problem the new woman division will have to deal with is that or securing eyual pay tor eQual work oy men and women." she says- ' In score of factories women are now doing ",en.s work for less than men are paid. e must focus attention on such things a this. And on the ten-hour shut that prevails in some factories, both day and beiiees that the government s labor Standards should be written into all gov. ernnient contracts. As the war progresses, an amazing number of women are being absorbed into industries which formally employed only men. Thousands of women are employeu on war contracts for many concerns filling government orders have made It a apodal apo-dal practice to advertise for women I' orltei s preferably- women with relatives at the front. This Is where the government's govern-ment's interest begins. It has been found that the employees in certain factories are much more efficient, producing a much greater quantity and a higher quality qual-ity of work than those in other factories. A superficial Investigation Indicates that factory conditions, which vara greatly, are responsible for this difference in output. out-put. For example, a factory in Cleveland, which works its employees eight haul's a dav for only five days a week. Is fl)lmg Its war orders with much greater rapidity than other factories having much longer hours of work. The excellent cafeteria maintained in connection with its workrooms work-rooms and a recreation park established for use duqfcng the noon hour are. also j believed by experts to have something to do with this factory's tremendous efficiency, effi-ciency, . 'i-Now 'i-Now if the conditions existing at this Cleveland factory are those which bring the greatest production, then the government gov-ernment is Interested In seeing those conditions con-ditions established in every factory filling fill-ing war orders. The government cannot enforce such conditions, ft can only advocate ad-vocate them hy persistent propaganda and through the co-operation of state labor departments. This is how the new woman's division hopes to improve labor conditions for women. But, fortunately jor the rapid termination termina-tion of the war, manufacturers are themselves them-selves awakening to certain mistakes that have been made in employing women. At the beginning, lor example, a manufacturer manufac-turer was apt to eKolaim: "We can't get the men. so we'll just employ 300 women for this job." And thereupon 300 women, of all ages, nationalities and varying working capacities, would be brought in and put to work in the sanguine belief that by some marvelous , faculty they could perform jobs that men, of much greater strength and years of experience, bad done. Foremen spent whole weeks in training female recruits for work to which they were obviously unsulted. Large quantities of valuable material were wasted. Then, and only then, did the manufacturers come to see trie error of their ways. Now, in most factories, women are employed em-ployed only after careful examination. An employment manager examines them as to their mental qualifications, and they are given a physical examination by tne factory medical inspector. After which, they are not escorted up to a machine and told to go to work, but they are sent to i school. The factory training- school is practically practical-ly a product of this war. Great Britain Is supposed to have discovered it after trying try-ing various methods of training prospec- ) tive workers. At any rate, the so-called "vestibule" school is now in vogue in every British munitions factory, and it 1b gradually being installed by American concerns. It is merely a. room set aside in one part of the factory where the beginner be-ginner may practice her job, under the supervision of a trained foreman, vnti! gfeg becomes perfect. This takes, as a rule, anywhere from three to ten days, during which time she works on old material ma-terial of little value- A Buffalo factory is now training about thirty mi?n and women a. day in its "vestibule"' school. EJvery manufacturer you meet these days has his own ideas about the employment employ-ment of women. Some assert that there is very HUle difference between the sexes, 'while others are apt to exaggerate their contrasting characteristics. One employer recently declared that the contentment con-tentment of a woman employee depended one-third on tho amount of her wage, one-third on her living conditions and one-third or, her opportunities for amusement. amuse-ment. Amusement faclities, he believes, are one of the chief factors in solving the 1 problem of a labor turnover. 'Women wil! stay where they can have a good time outside their hours of work, and you can't roajje them leave, even for higher wages. Thus, such amusements as" bowling, tennis and dancing should he stimulated in factory towns, this manufacturer believes: be-lieves: card clubs should be encodraged among the women and moving pictures provided. Care must f be taken not to meddle with the class' distinctions raised by the women or to supervise their amusements in any way. Neither must they be offered as a charity. "Women like to pay for what they get, like to be independent, apd hate to be disturbed in the formation of their own cliques or social so-cial sets. Another manufacturer believes that attractive at-tractive living accommodations' will hold women with a greater surety than anything any-thing else. Give women comfortable, clean homes, with day nurseries in the case of married women with children, and oiilJuruuuiics lur secumig gooa rooa, and you need not worry about them developing develop-ing the wanderlust. One other problem that still remains to be settled in employing women In the places of men Is that of her suitability to the task. Are women Euited to run street cars, to work in railroad yards, to lift heavv pieces of machinery and to endure en-dure night work? Miss Van Kleeck and Miss Anderson answer these questions with the counter-questions: "Are these occupations altogether desirable for men either, and could they not be made suitable suit-able for both? f A Government Bureau for Women Workers By Frederic J. Haskin. WASHINGTON, D. C. A new branch of government machinery has been created cre-ated for the benefit of the American working woman. It is known as the woman's division of the department of labor, and it came into being last week, when Miss Mary Van Kleeck and Miss Mary' Anderson moved from the large wooden shack that houses the ordnance division to the labor department building. build-ing. , , These two women have been runnins the woman's branch of the industrial division di-vision of the ordnance department for the past year, and they were successful in settling many difficult problems arising aris-ing from the employment of women In the government arsenals. Now, under the new woman's division, they will have a sort of supervisory interest in every woman worker on a- war contract. They wil! Investigate and study her Industrial l"e hOT health, her social diversions and he-' future, not from any sentimental desire de-sire to help the working woman herself, but from a practical desire to help her win the war. Both Miss Van Kleeck and Miss Ar.cer-son Ar.cer-son arc narticularly well fitted for this work. Before her appointment to the ordnance department. Miss Van Kleeck was with the Russell Sage foundation, She savs. for example, that labor is never so blind as when it opposes the introduction in-troduction of lavor-savlng devices. "The Introduction of labor-saving machinery has never failed lo mean an increase in jobs," she declares "Machinery means the eicanioSc Industry, and the ex- |