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Show II i Shooing th Pesky Fly Off flgg M K-PJLJ-yr "- . , , , . f Dletrlct excopL in dlRhcB atul rtlstrlbuto about lh0.v J w r.n nil li s nonuated parts of the- D strict f. . Knoonfui Qt rormniri0.:1 IU , . ; i , "The fly Is more dangerous than the t !l ; tiger or the cobra. It may bo clnssod. the -world over, as tho most dangerous .? ( creature on earth. This In tho light of , f recently acquired knowledge." Such Is ! the statement made by Dr. Daniel D. 1 Jackson, the eminent New lork authority. Tho typhoid fly wan the cause of flyo , ' times as many deaths In the Spanlsh- 1 American war ns wcro tho hulletH ot the enemv. So states the United States . ' medical commission appointed to investigate inves-tigate the. subject. Typhoid fever costs ". tho nation $350,000,000 a year, according ' to the report of the national conservative commission. One-third of hls Infection ' ' is fly borne. In ?sew York City alone ' . ?nnn rhtidren die each year that would I N' have lived but for the fly. Yet 0& per cent of the Hies might be i kept from ever coming Into being by so simple a means as a proper disposal or ' the manure from stables where horses arc kept. The frightful loss from fly borne disease might bo consequently dc-A. dc-A. creased bv 95 per cent. The remaining ' small danger might be brought to almost naught by an Intelligent understanding of just the measures necessary In prevent- "Inch Is the opinion expressed by the government through its bureau of on- tomology. Such Is tho conclusion reached ' by tho Merchants' association of New York after an exhaustive examination lasting through years. Such Is tho con- elusion reached by the American Civic association which has as Its object the Improvement of living condition the country coun-try over. So strong has become the con- 'a' victlon In tho minds of those and kindred I organizations throughout the country that . fc the fly Is an overshadowing menace that ' war haa boon declared agalnBt It and is this season being pushed as it was never pushed before. Tho nation is being called ' : to arms against the pest. U Is Just at this, season of tho year that the presence of the fly becomes gen-. gen-. 5 orally evident and it Is from this time to October that it takes Hb deadly toll. It r Is at this time, therefore, that tho war- 1 fare should be carried Into tho enemy s camp. It is at this time that every 'A householder should become acquainted with the facts and see to t that his premises are not producing the creature ' ' that endangers his own family and every : . other family in tho vicinity. j Campaign of Education. The American Civic association, through its secretary. Richard B. Wntrous o '.' "Washington. Is loading In a national campaign of education. It has. for In-' In-' stance, placed a moving picture lecture with tho great firms that handle this lino of entertainment throughout tho nation. During the season there will not be a hamlet In the nation that will not be made acquainted wtlh tho life history of the fly In this way Mr. Watrous also has stereoptlcon views which he la iin-nlBhlng iin-nlBhlng to all callers at cost and which are eminently appropriate for uso by locn. " boanls of health and civic associations. Scores of allied organ l7.at Ions are touching touch-ing the problem In scores of ways with the object of arousing the people. And the lifo story of tho fly Is worth tho telling. Tho fly has long been an cn-' cn-' - Igma. Yet it has been rcgardod as notn- Ing more serious than a bothersome . nuisance. nui-sance. A score of years ago the current. how-old-ls-Ann querlc was. W here do tho flies go In winter?" The question Is still barely answerable. It la tvlmost possible to find a fly In March, yot there are billions In September. HOro. Is the story of It. Increnso Rapidly. The cold of tho winter kills off the great mass of the files. There aro Inestimable Ines-timable quantities of them porlsh lg-nomlnlously. lg-nomlnlously. They all scorn to havo disappeared. dis-appeared. There Is. however, an occasional occa-sional Individual that tucks himself awaj In a snug cornor of the garret rafters or down In tho furnace room and succeeds suc-ceeds In keeping alive. There Is an oc- caalonnl manure pllo mat is Kepi warm by fermentation and horc the embryonic flies live. When the Ilrst warm days come tho fly awakens and finds Itaell Isolated P.oblnson Crusoe In a. world almost al-most unpopulated with Its fellows, llo instinct Is to go forth and multiply, for upon this capacity depends the existence of all Its kind. The tly lays 120 eggs in a manure pile. In ten days those eggs are mature and there aro 120 llles icady to reproduce themselves. Each of tnese produces 120 offsprings twenty days from the first beginning. That makes 11.100 tlli'"! with the same productive pov.cr. These breed 1.72S.000 In another ten days, and 200,000.000 at the end of a month. The multiplication goes on for flvo months and at the end of that time tho family has grown Incredibly. It makes no difference where the flies go In win-tor win-tor so long aa one stays at home to start things again the next year. Flics breed almost no place except in manure piles from stables whore hoises arc kept. The manure from cow stables aro not infected with their young. But wherever there Is horse manure thcro is tho Ideal condition for the rearing of great numbers of flics. Conversely, wherever wher-ever there arc great numbers or files there is certainly a manure pile In the vicinity. A manure -pi'0 in nn average degree of Infection will, upon scientific examination, show the young of 1200 flics to the nonnd. At this rate the refuso of an ordinary stable will produce vast numbers num-bers In the cycle of a few weeks. Revel in Filth. But the danger of tho fly does not come from the manure pile. To be sure Its origin docs not tend to mako It popular as a promenader over the food or face of the fnstidcous. Yet the tilth of the mnnuro pile is not objectionable In comparison com-parison with the other places that the fly haunts. Tho fly goes everywhere Decavlng drad creatures have a fascination fasci-nation for If and the refuse of all the households roundabout arc Its means of subsistanco. There Is nothing unclean In a neighborhood that Is not visited by the files. Then, unless due precaution is taken, there is nothing so sacred that thov will not brin? that filth to It. Somo scientists in Connecticut recently recent-ly captured 411 common flies In a trap for the purpose of experimentation. They wanted to know how many bacteria wer on each fly. They put the captives in a sterilized bottle and poured sterilized water wa-ter upon them. From this process they figured that all the bacteria found could snfelv be placed to the credit of the flies." Thev shook the bottle, thus washing wash-ing the flies. Then tho water was analyzed. an-alyzed. It was found that each fly hat! contributed an average of a million and a quarter germs. It is almost Inconceivable Incon-ceivable that so small n creature could carry so many germs yot a similar experiment ex-periment showed a fly In an uncommonly unsanitary community to be carrying R.-COO.OOO R.-COO.OOO bacteria. Of course all those germs aro not objectionable but they will be If opportunity presents. Carry Typhoid Germs. The germs that produce typhoid and those that produce dystontcry which Ii ' so fatal to children In tho summer month j are tin; diseases most generally carried j by flics. In the Spanish-American wai , one man In every six had typhoid fevor. It was definitely shown that this feve; did not come from a contaminated wa ter or milk supply but from a lack of seworage and the flics. One man would bo attacked by the fever In thono dayr, the germ Idea- was not so woll known and no care was made In disposing of tho waste from the sick room. Tho flics had access to this waste and carried It brondcast through tho ranks. Of tho 2107 deaths from nil causes In the war. 1021 died of typhoid. Practically all of this was due to flic's. Tho Merchants' association of Now York hns been carrying On a strenuous eamnalen for better disposal of sew- 7H G-O l&?ASSS72r S?.y rGli. age. A sstem of traps have, been maintained main-tained and the dally cath ot flies In these traps is used as a measure of their prevalence. The death record from typhoid ty-phoid and dlnrrhocal dlsoiibcs Is foumi to follow separately the period of abundance abun-dance of flies. The flies swarm thickets along the water front whcr much of tho refuse from the sewers drifts and lodges. This would naturally bo suspcrod of car-rvlng car-rvlng much disease. Tho students of the situation hit upon the plan of making a dot on a mnp each time a death. from one of these fly borne diseases was reported. At the end of tht- season the map showed black with dots in a bolt along the wa-tur wa-tur front some three blocks wide. A Homewhnt Improved ondltlon on th water wa-ter front a season lator resulted In a crease of 551 In tho number o deaths among children from typhoid nnd diarrheal diar-rheal diseases. The conditions in other cities aro as bad as In Now York. In tho villages with less effective soworago systems they aro much worse, nnd In tho countrj thov nrc still worse. In fact, typhoid fovbr has como to be known as a country coun-try disease. It Is the dweller in the city re'turnlng from his vacation who starts tho outbreaks. With these facts In mind, it Is obvious that the tight against thoco diseases is natlon-wido and that all tho people must be called upon to unite In a fight against them. What ' Tight Means. In a tight against the typhoid fly the recognized Ilr3i step Is to prevent Its multiplying. It Is known that Its cradle Is the mnnuro pile. If this can be done away with this year thoro will be but 10 per cent ns many flies next yenr and but 10 per cent ns much disease resulting. result-ing. Then, tho first thing to bo done is to" get rid of the manure pile. The man who allows one on his promises should be made to know that ho Is endangering the lives of his own family and all tho families round about. If children die In the nelghborhgood of typhoid or dysentery, dysen-tery, he should be saddled with the responsibilities re-sponsibilities for those deaths. Tim householder should be made to know that If flies are abundant there is a manure pile In the neighborhood, and that it Is his duty in protection of his family to hunt It out and have It abolished. These things are as true In the country ns In tho city. The custom In the country coun-try Is to allow the manure to lie until It Is needed for fertilizer. The country is consequently overrun with tiles and tvphold. There aro two proper eonrses In the premises. The farmer may build a fly-tight Inclosuro and put nil his manure In It. or ho may lun.l the rnn away at least onco a. week and SP'1(1 on his land. It requires, a week : for the flics to develop, nnd If tho manure s spread out on the land they fall In the process If one or , tho other of t wo methodn were uHOd Ihc country districts would bo without fllcu and far healthier than they arc today. Disposal of Manure. In the cities the disposal of manure should bo controlled by ordinance. The HMMH MiWii rTTfiBrri regulations of Washington, D. C have been framed by government experts who are tho greatest authorities upon the fly nulsnnco. It Is regarded ns a model and roads as follows: "All stalls In which animals are kept shall have the surface of the ground covered cov-ered with a wntcr-tlght tllloor. Every person occupying a building where domestic do-mestic animals are kept shall maintain. In connection therewith, a bin or pit for the reception of manure, and. pending the removal from the promises of the manure from tho animal or animals, shall place such manure In said pit. This bin shall ho so constructed as to exclude rain water, and shall In nil other respects be water tight oxcopt as It may bo connected con-nected with the public sewer. It shall be provided with a suitable cover and constructed so as to prevent the Ingress or egress of flics. No person owning a stable shall Ueep any manure or permit any manure to be lept In or upon any portion of the premises other than the bin or pit described, nor shall he allow such bin or pit to be overfilled or needlessly need-lessly uncovered. Ilorso manure may be kept tlghtlv rammed Into woll-covered barrels for the purpose of remove! In such barrels. Every person keeping manure shall causo all such manure to be removed from the premises at least twice cverv week between .Inne 1 and October 31." and at least once a week between be-tween November I and May 31 of tho following fol-lowing venr. No person shall remove or transport any manure over any public blgbwav In anv of tho more densely must ho. effectually covorcd with canas radm'sm aus? SopSs? "Bass Sf l o District without a Prtnl ' thereof, he punished by - a fine ot not more than $40 for each offense. - No Germ Centers. NoxL In Importance to tho destroying of the breeding places of the files is the goneral proposition of tho cleaning up of promises so there will be no germ con-trra con-trra where those that still exist may gather up eontamlnatlon. The most Important Im-portant part of this campaign Is the ftght disposal of tho family refuse. Whore there s Illness, for nstanoe, nnd tho refuso 'is disposed of In such a way as to be accessible to flics, t Illness is ncarlv sure to be sproad broadcast, in tvnhnld fever, for nHtance. the germs Sfcn0' remain ' in tho system for years after the patient recovers. The famous case of "Tvphold Mary" Is well '110W"; sh" bo ns an apparently well woman, but I being shown that typhoid fo owe, a -1 ways In her wako. Because of Ih a P ossl-blo ossl-blo existence of the germs In tho boa of anv Individual, caro should bo taken that the refuse from no person Is ncces- 8l,0hetnfln,aT.top lies In -xcltglns lo. from ; Iho house. A , window without a through3 les' T ey contaminate the alshesB. tho baby's nipple, tho very hands and face of tho individual. It Is "mie to let them In. Yet the screens , are not .sufficient protection, for the resident In a fly-proof house may he . contaminated while walking or driving in the street. The. all-lncluslvc campaign Is a necessity In every community. How to Kill Pest. Files In the house may be killed by heating a shovel or some such artlc de ml dropping, twenty drops of carbolic acid on It. Tho vapor kills the flies. A cheap and perfectly reliable fly poison poi-son not dangerous to human life. Is pl-cWornte pl-cWornte of potash In solution. Dissolve one dram, which can be bought at any drug store, in two ounces of water and add a little sugar. Place In shallow dishes and distribute about tho fcvflE A spoonful of formnldehyde injR ter of a pint of water Is thft n9fJ best and cheapest of thorn b1 kill all the flies. To quickly ctaU'K where there are many flles huil thrum powder. This stupefies and they may be swopt un ajirtBI Any of those acta may sava tV a combination of thorn all waniBl In the saving of thousands evE and a greatly Improved rohdflK |