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Show LEADING TmMDLYmFLWNZAGERM . INI O'CAPflVITY N V Xr I " V v " I ! X - , s v " S, V ' j jlje planets and fixed kCV : ,rs are scarcely more V :s .,, reraole from our gra,p ,1) are lire infinites f v B.Hv tinv worlds which V , ,rc spread out beneath Vsj die microscope k'S XXi V, Bv Lrvmg R. Bacon AFTER killing off a larger part ol humnlty in a year than the world w In all its four years of battles. He Influenza bacillus has at last been captured. This is the welcome news tl-t Ins just come from London. With the bacillus in captivity, medial medi-al thence will now find it comparably compara-bly easy to discover ways and E.-.n of putting an end to the havoo wV'"h this active little vegetable tap la. been playing with human lives in - etery corner of the earth. i The discovery of a bacillus is not -1 whit le romantically interesting ; than the discovery of a planet. Both ,- go fir out of our reach that their pre.nre is usually elt long before ' n,. existence is actually known. ft,, it was vears before the planet iept"ne was discovered, although its (ufiueii'-e upon other members of the : B:ar svstem had satisfied astrono- Br beyond a shadow of a doubt - -M tlirre must be some such disturb-ng disturb-ng body lurkiner somewhere beyond . mr ken. . Two Million in a Drop ; - Nor does the analogy . between the llscovenea made bv the telescope and . he microscope end there. In the - ormer. it is the Immense magnitude it the objects which they disclose; n the microscope, it is their amazing amaz-ing minuteness which elicits our won- - ler. And in regard to distances, it ... nay be said that the planets and, m - t more striking manner, the fixed tars, are scarcely more remote from Ur grasp than are the lnflnitesimallv :.. toy worlds which are spread out be- teath the lens of the microscope, i r In view of the fact that the nearest J the fixed stars, the 'Alpha Cen-V.. Cen-V.. Wrl, is forty-eight trillion miles from , and requires eight years for Its : ght, traveling at the rate of 186.000 ,-. liles a second, to reach us. the state-tent state-tent that the microscopic world is - p less remote from us rnav seem like :.. Bother of those paradoses which are 1-- lore sensational than true. But, let I see! f The word bacillus is Latin and leans a little rod. The Greek word Kterion signifies the same thing. The ky bodies were thus named because ,ii)e which were first discovered In 153 were shaped like rods. Since ''lea many other species of them have 'en discovered, having entirely dif-"at dif-"at shapes, some being spiral, iier, round and still others oval. Tet. Katiae the name first given them had Wired currency the world over, sci-itlsts sci-itlsts have retained the original ap- ' . : !'latl0n' irrespective of their appear- ace. , , A rod-shaped bacillus is provided 111 a whlpUko appendage bv lashing it propels itself through liquids 'iroush blood, for Instance. "11 as is a drop of blood. 1500 of e rod-shaped bacilli can bestow pelves quite, comfortably end to 1 across the diameter of that drop. mi Ti fate ab0ut 2'000.00 of them w bo accommodated within the A not drop. ; ; Size of a iMolecule . .beii it l8 considered that each one V-' ese microscopic beings has a com- snl l8ankatl0n: eatSl ests and ' ' ithS' Ulat each, of th organs - m 7"Ch U Pel'torrns these func-' func-' m f i "e has a comPleta organlza-- organlza-- " Its om, there is a great deal of ; ' a, th yins of Dean Swift, ""fed in 1745, that .'? ulil"e.?eaa have Isser fleas ' , Aw l fh? backs to bite 'em ; Ann aBain have Iess" on-And on-And so. ad inflnitum. ' ,"S 13 a bacillus- !t 13 of l- V Sicl if Cmpared t0 a molecule. - or a iong time wag considered ': exit, 8ma"eSt comP"l substance olecu I."06' An Wea o tha 8iza ot a ' ..:g th: ay be fed by consider- i in VinS Wrds of Lord Rav" ' Hui. 9 PhilosP'ical Magazine, S,te;in "90-6I)eakins ' ' lecuies: conneotlon ust te,nt of the cohesive force aJ tea t0 about two hun- y: Ofty. millionth, of an inch yfX , , - " ' 1 ' Some of Yow Worst Enemies Germs That Seek to Destroy Human Life lj' t I j : ; j r --x , ' . -V - i v f-ikuf ; r. ;rryTr;!id V: . v--V5ix x - . lJZJiy -j U slzlJ Zl X--j- 'X jg-'' I Lv i ' , rri: f 1 'f ' J THE CANCER GERM THE TYPHOID GERM ' THE SCARLET FEVER GERM CATARRH AND TONSILLITIS I ' ,s ,1 Doyen, a French surgeon, isolated This is the micro-organism pre- Introducing the streptococcus from Prevalent when you have severe f ? f'tki ' i ""s. from new growths this micrococcus, . dominant in the blood when ty- Jcarlatina, the germ that preys par- cold in the head, with ulcerative K j , C ? X which is believed to bo the specific phoid fever lays siege to the life of ticularly upon little children pharyngitis and chronic nasal dis- ! 'll'C, cause of cancer the body orders 4 t , f i ,1 least some clue toward the solution ot well to go a bit into the history of this discovered the 'existence of electrons, ' t I 5 "1 , the mysterious force which puts the subject About four hundred years his arguments were directed against s' 'X. X f , J ' V K ,Vv" ' ! electron in revolution about its cen- before the Christian era two Greek atoms, which were at that time con- j' S ? " .(ti' ijylj'' K tral sun in the atom. philosophers taught opposite doctrines sldered the ultimate particles of mat- ' ?V J Us , The eloctrons are represented as re- concerning ' matter. One of them, ter. Nevertheless, what he said about ' yl" f3iM 5 Xssi i. w I f Vl? ' ' volving with incredible speed; so much Democritus, maintained that matter atoms applies equally to electrons; i, ' . ':-:- 'h "l g. I I" I so, according to the scientists, that consists of very small particles, and, If science should discover still fs. jT , ?j . , S ! H! li , 4 they travel around their central sun3 atoms, which, as the name indicates, more primitive constituents of matter I .if tr,. ' 'j X, , a', millions of times in an inconceivably cannot be divided into anything than the electrons, Schopenhauer's ' ". . Vi "t . I ' small fraction of a second. Tet it is smaller, and that these arc, therefore, arguments -would not be a whit less V , t,. ..' v ' . f Vn ' V ! , ! oniv owing to their extreme smallness the ultimate constituents of everything applicable to them either. For, after X .:.$. I -4 v X K s that this furious rate of speed appears in the world, and as such are eternal, all, when scientists believed the mole- l J--' ' V "1 ' J 1 to be greater than we can conceive of Some Ancient PhilosopHea cule to he the final point of divLsibility j , C 1. J in connection with any other material The othor phlIosopher, Anasagora3, f matter, they found that they were PLEURISY AND PERITONITIS " U. W U " ! thing. In reality it does not exceed taught that even the smaIlest partlclea ng- and that this pre-eminence be- The staphylococcus bere sho-n is i - C , -S i V ' ' I the 3t WhlCb W9 knW "Sht t0 of matter, whether called atoms or by l0nged l the atom' And later' the . b. cause of various t s - . nanlely 1S6.000 miles a second, , . .. , , . were compelled to admit that even the malignant inflammatory processes f,''"$- v y ,a travel, iiaiiicu any other name, are still divisible,' and l.i li - 1 y'i which goes to prove that both time . atom Is a compounded mass, and that ' I . , l ? i X . f Mwnlcn SOB3 v that this divisibility is endless. Among . I x. i. - V ' $anri sDace are purely relative affairs, . . . , the electron should be enthroned as t ., .... s sp-9 u ancients Epicurus followed and devel- physiologist nor by the retort of the '! I unri that if an atom could be enlarged . ,x ... the ultimate parent of whatever of a , , , , I ""T J ' S I a.na mdi, theory of Democritus; while chemist, nor by the microscope nor by & , ? ! K ,,ntii it assumed the size of the flrma- , . , . material nature exists. ,, L , t , 8 r me" such as we see, the electron Aristotle embraced that of Anaxag- any other purely scientific means no h , A -OX - y within it would have grown to be as oras. Lucretius, the greatest philoso- experimentation ma- ingeniously contrived. A M'sV'? Jtf i ----v-r , , . Assuming, he says, that we actually Kv. l, i I ) Vc-!?y ,C.wS!j . leads; modern times show, conversely, ,,,,,, J Hr-1 ( ',J v! W ' , , , do at last reach some ultimate par- l I k i v J-m0$$&h S-SSW whither experimentation without , , .Us" , . i,i , f iill .. . . . , . , ., tide or element which we find in som9 i" " ' . i.5! t I s "li. XV n s s. thinking leads," said this philosopher. ,.4 . N- ? i f !. -si. t t s 1 s OC ss-v Vhat he objected to was that the ... , . F 1 M s 1 U 2 J t 5 i 1 ft n V v. S I ; stituent of every other object in the I 1 i s f T -Jr t " a K . ' H ' v x v. v O- v atomic theory necessarily -leads to the ,. . , ,Hl t; 1 t! 1 NV -X. crass naatertalleuo tendency to reduce that explain what that is t ! -X ihUI fllV j V" V0 . everything In the world to a median- ' so-called ultimate X VXXVTV4 'MM'n VXs- 4 leal or at best chemical or electrical its power to act? .Villnot V I flh . "J f -XXX --V explanation of. the world. tiiat power to act be 3ust as inexpllc- ' C if XV??rV,l VX: He showed the futility of thus try- ab 'ien as it was before7 rO'if" ,:?t "tU V&.'iiV vs -VY!! ' C ne the more philosophic And aithough the dectron ha, I! ? t ! tV .' .Ii'.J Si Z h " NCVV- V theory of the exigence of a meta- C. to assume the '?'- ? r.?1 ' l'4i4tt t f Vs-xVX Physical something which could be the ultimate element under- IJ?11 , - i-h '?8 1 I hI i'ft If i"! v s vnx s - any knowledge, his question has not E f . -s- y f htt 'I i! li v ;- -Sfe&W that imparts to the electron its mar- tfr' , l '-WtffiLH'hkl --:X JmK t other even mor, ir!H ,W 0,fm - y ! f K vs s - -X fi mysterious centra, point of the atonxr f l 1 'l , I ' ft H ?! ''iWM ' The answer to this cueryconstitute, l.H; ' .'JTV - ;Mf f 1 j' 71HV4 ' x' "re philosophy of Schopen, 'Z 'J-- ' WtiMlH1 lVii! - jM thought viewed from various points. ' l-;" ' Mf i ? 'rt.'t-Wi," M c-s OA V XV-s vkV d'ops so fruitfully is, in brief, that ,VI' r.M- V S U C L U N s n f?A UX in our ovvn selves as our will is th : "I K "i III , 1 0 1 V I r i'ni P?FTk aUty to every part of nature, whether , !V "t lff jh! ' H X. X-.-O C-V J? JK 1TO organic or inorganic? In us and other L' V .)HHrrJh 1.1 ? M lt'KX sSNC-X. X. r'TOWl an intellect, which serves to submit to i!f - 'HtM ; j '.gt; ' KV Vttr-, Mtfvk substances, the will operates without.. F' , 1 M r't' :"4f ffM !'n;Wii & -BWfesV the guidance of a brain Intellect, and it -'"li,lfrV . K( f i t4; G.KfH WX ' h ' VWWV- ' V V EflSs is actuated bv stimuli in the case f'"'3. ') VU 'f yyL IHIXXWVV'V' V " Xx fWfk of vegetables and of causes, stricuy ji-r-"r-1 r- K'iffri rtrh i, vu MV nvv soica. ta th9 case of 0 Elli ,!H . " U - Ji, , ,'t'ivb'iM' ' VH ' . X-fmU4 proving this will to be something alto- , r,;t,:l -.lf.Xr WM Ir V in 1 A 44 ether etaphysical. although it Is th t (7) UVvw"3 The electron bears the same relation to an atom of hydrogen "as a pm's b,g approximately as our earth, and 0 .? JSS jJh - head to the dome of St. Paul a Cathedral," or, in eflect, to the top of the central point around which tho 'Aft ' ' yi'"- tWXv the Woolworth Building electron revolves would have swollen jjjl , , JPl XX$ . . to the proportions of our sun. lf4 Ijfmivf HWWA vn and within similar limits of un- could not be so if the election (the It i3, therefore, not at all prepos- WffX ffomcW " A PeOASW N; certainty it appears tolerably negatively charged unit) were its only terous to suppose that since it is only l''-r f-- f'l'fa' l& WP safe to conclude that the diame- constituent." relatively to our mind that the elec- ,, , ter or distance of tho particles (mole- An electron bears the same relation trona seera s0 Emall. there may be V s i wr -'.'.frf . ViJ-V;:K cules) of water is between the two- to an atom of hydrogen, according to otller minds in which the very same N WUjW9 f' -f--fsJxXX. thousand and tori thousand millionth the Encyclopedia Britannica, "as a electrons may actually appear to be SAKVi. sdF&SZZ tCCCOV.. of an inch." Pin's head t0 lbe dome o St- Pau1'3 of the size of our earth and bo cov- -( JiJvOXvXNX A molecule of water is made up of Cathedral." ered pretty much the same with all . "i Ml XX$So$;N two parts of hydrogen and one part And now comes the most wonderful 60rts of fauna and flora and be racked . Vi . y f 1 XXX oxygon. Each of these parts is- called part of the affair: Each electron with- by wars and other troubles; or, if ' y miaf" f ' ' ' ,r ' 'XXSfes. an atom. An atom, therefore, must be in tho atom revolves around an axis of more fortunate, peopled with a happy SL ' ffi--t. '. 'f Wsv. at least' one-third smaller than the its own and around a central point, in race of creatures to whom sickness. I '-'' ':'?'-:'-i''J':'-:---, The electron bears the same relation to an atom ol hydrogen "as a pin's head to the dome of St. Paul a Cathedral," or, in eflect, to the top of tho Woolworth Building and, within similar limits of uncertainty un-certainty it appears tolerably safe to conclude that the diameter diame-ter or distance of tho particles (molecules) (mole-cules) of water is between the two-thousand two-thousand and tori thousand millionth of an inch." 'A molecule of water is made up of two parts of hydrogen and one part oxygon. Each of these parts is- called an atom. An atom, therefore, must be at least one-third smaller than the molecule. But this is not all. We have by no means reached the end pf the series in the descending scale of magnitudes. mag-nitudes. In 1S74 Dr. G. Johnstone Stoney discovered dis-covered that atoms were by no means the ultimate units of matter. He found that they were made up of electrical constituents and. in 1S91, he had de veloped his theory sulliclently to be able to announce that these constlW ents of atoms were partly negatively . charged units to which he gave the name "electrons," and partly pos.' tively charged ones, which, hovvevei, have not yet been Identified with anything any-thing known to science. The most th can be said by scientists concerninf the positive units of electricity in at atom, is that "It must be there, as the atom is In a neutral condition, and could not be so If the electwjn (the negatively charged unit) were its only constituent." An electron bears the same relation to an atom of hydrogen, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "as a pin's head to the dome of St. Paul'3 Cathedral." And now comes the most wonderful part of the affair: Each electron within with-in tho atom revolves around an axis of its own and around a central point, in exactly tho same manner as the planets plan-ets around the sun. So that each atom ls a sort of bubble, constituting a firmament, within which exists an entire en-tire world. At this point science forsakes us, ai. least provisionally; for we are tolc that beyond the electron we cannot go. It is the "Ultima Thule" of sc:" entitle research, so far as the presen progress of science is concernec"; Whether it will be able to extend it researches still further through late discoveries is hypothetical and, perhaps, per-haps, questionable. But fortunately we find anot'i-.c guide at this stage of the inquu-;., which at this point has become rrorC interesting than at any of the preceding pre-ceding stages. Philosophy now takes up the Ariadne thread and gives us at CoDrlrht. 1019, by Publlo Leaser Co. Some of Yovr Worst Enemies Germs That Seek to Destroy Human Life i n vVj::By V;, ;;x. J Vwr:: 7 & THE CANCER GERM Doyen, a F"rench surgeon, isolated from new growths this micrococcus, which is believed to bo tho specific cause of cancer least some clue toward the solution ot the mysterious force which puts the electron in revolution about its central cen-tral sun in the atom. The eloctrons are represented as revolving re-volving with incredible speed; so much so, according to the scientists, that they travel around their central sun3 millions of times in an inconceivably small fraction of a second. Tet it is only owing to their extreme smallness that this furious rate of speed appears to be greater than we can conceive of in connection with any other material thing. In reality it does not exceed the rate at which we know light to travel, namely 1S6.000 miles a second, I which goes to prove that both time ''and space are purely relative affairs, and that, if an atom could be enlarged until it assumed the size of the firmament firma-ment such as we see, the electron within it would have grown to be as big approximately as our earth, 'and the central point around which tho electron revolves would have swollen to the proportions of our sun. It is, therefore, not at all preposterous prepos-terous to suppose that since it is only relatively to our mind that the electrons elec-trons seem so small, there may be otiier minds In which the very same electrons may actually appear to be of the size of our earth and bo covered cov-ered pretty much the same with all sorts of fauna and flora and be racked by wars and other troubles; or, if more fortunate, peopled with a happy raco of creatures to whom sickness, poverty, famine, misfortune, rancor and death are unknown. The Microscopic World Just as we are not able to discover what is going on in the outer worlds which stud our firmament and can only guess that some of them are inhabited, in-habited, so, too, is there as great a barrier between us and those microscopic micro-scopic worlds which, when we consider the relativity of space, are no less distant dis-tant from us than Alpha Centauri anc" Sirius and the millions of other star coursing through the heavens trillic"C and quadrillions of miles away. Another corollary of the relativity of space is that the assumption o2 modern science regarding the divisibility divisi-bility of matter may, after all, be wrong. To understand this" it mti be THE TYPHOID GERM This is the micro-organism predominant pre-dominant in the blood when typhoid ty-phoid fever lays siege to the life of tho body well to go a bit Into the history of this subject About four hundred years before the Christian era two Greek philosophers taught opposite doctrines concerning matter. One of them, Democritus, maintained that matter consists of very small particles, atoms, which, as the name Indicates, cannot be divided into anything smaller, and that these arc, therefore, the ultimate constituents of everything In the world, and as such are eternal. Some Ancient Philosophies The other philosopher, Anaxagoras, taught that even the smallest particles of matter, whether called atoms or by any other name, are still divisible,' and that this divisibility is endless. Among . ancients Epicurus followed and developed devel-oped the theory of Democritus; while Aristotle embraced that of Anaxagoras. Anaxag-oras. Lucretius, the greatest philoso- SX'Xx-;y Xx x v. ",'v'S''s. sX Yxx -x v , v O'C vv 'xxx XX s s s - s vxxV X pher of the Romans, in a wonderful poem, which is ono of the masterpieces of tho literature of all times, advocated the atomic theory as propounded by Epicurus, and, indeed, adopted the lat ter's philosophy in toto. In moderi times the doctrine of Democritus e; Epicurus was revived in the sevsj teenth century by Robert Boyle arj; Sir Isaac Isewton, and has been gaining gain-ing ground among scientists more ar-i more, until at the present time scarcely scarce-ly a voice is ever raised among scientists scien-tists in defense of the doctrine of the infinite divisibility of matter. The voices that are raised in defense of this theory are those of philosophers, philoso-phers, foremost among tl:em being Schopenhauer. As he died in 1S60, ihir.iy.-one years before Pqjjlox StsaSH THE SCARLET FEVER GERM Introducing the 6lreptocbccus from jcarlatina, the germ that preys particularly par-ticularly upon little children discovered the ' existence of electrons, his arguments were directed against atoms, which were at that time considered con-sidered the ultimate particles of matter. mat-ter. iNovertheless, what he said about atoms applies equally to electrons; and, If science should discover still more primitive constituents of matter than the electrons, Schopenhauer's arguments -would not be a whit less applicable to them either. For, after all, when scientists believed the molecule mole-cule to be the final point of divLsibility of matter, they found that they were wrong, and that this pre-eminence belonged be-longed to the atom. And, later, they were compelled to admit that even the atom is a compounded mass, and that the electron should be enthroned as the ultimate parent of whatever of a material nature exists. "The, Middle Ages showed whither thinking without experimentation leads; modern times show, conversely, whither experimentation without thinking leads," said this philosopher. What he objected to was that the atomic theory necessarily -leads to the crass materialistic tendency to reduce ' everything In the world to a mechanical mechan-ical or at best chemical or electrical explanation of. the world. He showed the futility of thus trying try-ing to dethrone the more philosophic theory of the existence of a metaphysical meta-physical something which could be reached neither by the scalpel of the CATARRH AND TONSILLITIS Prevalent when you have severe cold in the head, with ulcerativn pharyngitis and chronic nasal disorders y.yy, t" ' ' T' A PLEURISY AND PERITONITIS The staphylococcus here shown in held to -be the cause of various malignant inflammatory processes physiologist nor by the retort of the chemist, nor by tho microscope nor by any other purely scientific means no matter hov ingeniously contrived. Assuming, he says, that we actually do at last reach some ultimate particle par-ticle or element which we find in soms way to reside in and to be the constituent con-stituent of every other object in the world, will that explain what that is which gives that so-called ultimate element its power to act? Will not that power to act be just as inexplicable inexplic-able then as it was before? And, although the electron has come since his time to assume the position of the ultimate element underlying under-lying every object of which we have any knowledge, his question has not lost its force. What, after all, is it that imparts to the electron its marvelous mar-velous activity, which sends it revolv-mg revolv-mg around that other even more mysterious central point of the atom? Close to the Metaphysical The answer to this query constituten tlie entire philosophy of Schopen-hauer, Schopen-hauer, which, as he says, is on thought viewed from various points. This fundamental thought which hs develops so 'fruitfully is, in brief, that the same force which we recognize in our own selves as our will is th very same force which imparts causality caus-ality to every part of nature, whether organic or Inorganic? In us and other animals the will is accompanied by an intellect, which serves to submit to it the motives which actuate its decisions; de-cisions; in vegetable and lnorgania substances, the will operates without, the guidance of a brain intellect, and is actuated by stimuli in the case of vegetables and of causes, strictly so-called, in the case of inorganio' ' objects. His philosophy alms at proving thi3 will to be something altogether alto-gether metaphysical, although it Is the basis of everything within the physical world. i:.x,. v-- -V,:V,tr r-.x-X,..X .-. '1 l ::: X'"' ':'."''. 'J'- r -v:XX' 'X'---- x 'v t i x:, xx: - -;-vx X'-"-'' 'X-7' -X...XX V,-.- xx; . rXi -' : ' ,; xx y xxx-;:.!? :-k:jy ""x-iTx x; x-:x:";- v,;x-x : x The gcrra is to far out of oui reach that its presence usually is felt long before its existence actually is known |
