| Show u + + + + + D j + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + i + t + p t + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + t + 11Mb uitG1lturtP s4 Present utlfet + + + + + + + + + T Diversified farming as practiced in Utah from the earliest settlement to the present date has attracted the at tenton and won th admiration of the whole world Nowhere else OI the American continent were a people eve literally compelled to wrest from the soil every article of food a were the Utah pioneer Practically cutoff from all other sources of supply thEre was no alternative and the early inhabitants inhabit-ants of the Yfle s were drIven back to Eden and they leaned of the mart velous riches slumbering In the bosom of Mother Earth Such remarkable success and stick varied productions as attended the efforts ef-forts of the pioneer could not fall to attract the attention of the outside world Students of social science a well as specialists In agriculture have written of the beauty and the utilitarianism utilitar-ianism of the Utah plan of divei fe farming I was this comprehen she alembrcng system of agriculture agricul-ture that enabled the setter to exist and to even become prosperous long before the hidden treasures of the his wee brought forth to attract the seek e after fortune I was this rural and pastoral life that implanted that love for home and its environments which characterizes the out of Utah and draws them back like a magnet from all wanderings wander-Ings however distant Agricultural pursuits mae homebuilders home-builders dad the civilized world does not present a better exemplification of thIs fact than Is found In the attach met of Utah people to the spot where for fifty year they have been able to produce life all the material comforts ot leSo So satisfying have ben the results and s complete the independence at tined by the practice of diversified farming in the past that i Is difficult for the present ties of the sol to realize that the situation and conditions prevailing now dead a departure from the old plan Whereas the frt I setter must of necessity harvest his own bread each year provide wool for his ow clothing dIg his own potatoes and secure his own hay or face the abrolute certainty of going without the necessaries today the farmer In Utah may safely count on raising none of these articles If through the production produc-tion of some other special crop he realizes re-alizes the money wit which to pur chas those staple from a neIghbor Special Lines It Is no reflection upon the famer of the past nor on the plan of dversi I fled faring that has sustained this region re-gion for so many years to say that the I successful farmer In the future will be he who follows some special branch In agriculture Improved means of tas portaton connecting Utah with the outide world val multiplied avoa tons consequent upon the growth In population and the development of t I mineral resources with the a character more intimate and acquaintance en pabltes of the soil In different locations loca-tions the more exacting demands of a cosmopolitan population consisting largely of the nonprducing element these are the conditions which inexorably Inexor-ably demand attention to the principle of political economy known as divisIon of labor Thus olens the way clearly for the speqlalst In everY lne of agricultural purnuit Thanks to the energy and I foresight of the pioneers It has been demonstrated that practically ever II line of farming may be mae profltableI I now remains for the Utah farmer I to adopt some special branch of the lt t science and to succeed therein even beyond 1 be-yond the remarkable results attained I by his forefathers The sugar factories demand that the I betgwer be a specialist in order to prpduce the bet beet for sugar and to derIve the greatest revenue from each cultivated are The numerous creameries mae It essential that the farmer who would enjoy profits from nIl ann IIW1 5iVC tli aut1 UUU LI the breeding feeding shelter and milk In of his herd Canning factories scattered throughout the state furnish incentive t hundreds of small farmers ers to concentrate their efforts In the line of production of the finer veeta bIos The everincreasing population of the wealthier clas o In the cites call for a superior grade of vegetables and produce for the fatle r that the farmer farm-er wit a untidy lot ca no longer compete with the professional gardener who cater to the whims of his fastidious fastidi-ous customers The small flocks of sheep that were formerly on eve farm are no more but Instead the wool industry of Utah Is controlled toy by a few men who are specialists special-Ists in their line Horcutre a Specialty And so we coe to consider hortcul ture in the light of a specialty In the broad field of agriculture I special thought and preparation and energy are prerequisites to success In the numerous nu-merous lines above mentioned infinite iy more so is the demand for exclusive attention to the orchard If certain and satisfactory profits await the concentration of effort in other pursuits equally certain and satisfactory sat-isfactory are the returns from fruit culture The extensive sheep owner who divides his time between his flocks I his garden a whet far and potato patch sooner or later records losses So with the dairyman who regards his cows onh as a side Issue to be looked alter by the women and the boys While the Utah pioneers demonstrated demonstrat-ed the perfect adaptation of Utah sol and climate to the production of every variety of the standard and small fruits and established an envIable reputation for such products i must be admitted that the present generation of farmers have allowed the glory and excellence of Utah fruits to depart simply through neglect This los of reputation Is directly chargeable to the system of general farmIng farm-Ing which r divided the time and attention of the farmer a to result In neglect of the orchard The truth of this assertion is found In the fact that a few exceptions are known where orchards that were planted forty years ago are still producing annual crops of choicest fruits because through all the years special car and culture have been devoted to the trees Furthermore of the many younger orchard planted durIng the past twenty years not one that has received proper care ha failed to sustain the former reputation of Utah fruits and I to return a competency to the owner I Unfortunately the original orchards I in a wOfuly neglected condition are still permitted to stand and the inferior In-ferior fruit therefrom appears in the markets of neighboring states In com petition or rather in contrast with the product of the young and cultured orchards of those sections I will require re-quire several years to regain the lost reputation of Utah fruit but It will be regained In time through the productions pro-ductions of orchards in charge of those who make a specialty of fruit growIng Perfect Adaptation No state in the unIon presents better natural Inducement to the hortculur let than are found In Utah Altitude soil well defined seasons and abundant water supply throughout a stretch of country 200 mles from north to south in Utah seem to perfectly combine to favor the production of annual crops of perfect apples pears peaches prunes and cherries and all the berry fruits While certain sections of this vast country are special suited to the production of some one particular class of standard fruits still the general adaptation Is practically the adaptaton prctcal same I throughout the entire fruit belt of the state The justly famed Brigham City peach Is said to be due to exceptIonal soil ald unusual favorable canon breezes but within ten miles are fruit lands In the upper Bear River valley tat are as noticeably superior for the production of apples and pear Also on the wonderful Provo bench with o 4 T By J A Wright Secretary of the Utah State Board 4 of K6rticnlture + 4 Jil i > + 4 Jk + I l 4 + + aA i 1 + UTAH PaD1 E ThEE THREE YEARS OLD + f + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + t + + 41i + + + + + t In five miles of each other are orchards of peaches pear apples and cherrIes and each seems to have the exact conditions con-ditions requisite for the perfect development de-velopment of the several classes of fruit named The same may be said of Weber Davis Salt Lake Emery Sanpete and fierier counties thus I justifying the assertion that for the entire category ot fruits no state equals Utah i generl adaptation In this connectQn it should be stn ed that Utah Ikewiseleads all agricultural agricul-tural states In certhinty of animal crops of everyelas of fruit This assertion wil recall to the reader the practical failure of the Utah fruits in the year just past With the exception excep-tion of a very few localities thre wa no fruit gown 1 1ttah In 1899 This I fact simply emphasize the regularity of the crop durIpg he pat twentyf ear for from every fruit growing I county In the state come report or the wholly unexpectednd unusual loss because be-cause of the falure he unusual condition con-dition Is easIly counted for DY the unprecedented weatber durIng the mQnths of APII1uy and June The excessive low temirature of the winter months did Iitter no injury to fruit tees that had llqn properly ripened during the previotis fall but the lbte l frosts In April and May and especially the hard freeze on the 5th of June were conditions such a to almost totally destroy all chance foe a crop of fruit I However the failure tYas not complete i for in Weber Box Elder Davis and Utah counties there was sufficient to make possibly 40 per cent of an average i aver-age crop of apple pear peaches and I + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 ± + i I + + = IE + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + flTTJ + + + + + o t < I + + fiff + + 4 + + SUPENES BD3IDENCE FARM SOUTHERN EERIMEUT + 4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + r + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4 + cherries Prices were high and this fact did much to make up for the shortage short-age In yield Extensive Planting During the past five years there has been a general reyhal of interest In horticulture in Utah Beginning with the planting of the thousand acre orchard In the Bear River valley In 1895 there seems to be each year an increase in-crease in the sentment in favor of planting large tracts to orchard on a i commercial Pasts that IS many trees of few varieties that are considered I standard in the markets of the world I In the mater of selection of varieties for this purpose great care has been I exercised Pt avoid the mistake made ei in I the earlier planting The fact that ever sort and kind of fruit will grow I and develop perfectly in Utah led to I very Indiscriminate planting formerly The result was that the crop consisted I each year of an enormous amount of excellent fruit but very little of the I sort that would bear trnportatcn or that would be recognized by name in the eat To aid In curing this defect the Utah State Board of Horticulture Hortculure after much investigation and consultation I consulta-tion with growerand shipper Issued the following advice as to varieties I orchard mot suitable for a commercial In presenting a list of fruits of the various Case that are recommended for Utah no attempt has been made to Include In-clude each variety that has proven popu lar In some particular locality In the state but r her to strike an average or the widely differing varieties While every farmer should have one or tw trees each of a get variety of apples and pears forming a icucceeston of fruits from earliest to latest such as Yellow Transparent Red June R Astraha Alexander Maiden Blush Duchess of Ranibo Wealthy Baldwin Oldeburgh Rnmb Wety n dwfn Faeso and Bellflower In apple and Doyene Clapps Favorite Gltnrd and Flemish Beauty In pe still It Is an desired de-sired In this article to emphasize the Idea of commercial orchards To that end varieties are here recommended that have proven hardy In nearly every section or Utah and such as are rte as staple In the markets of the eJtrc worM The only sUon of Utah wherein It Is recommend 0 that the early summer apple be anted ant-ed extensively Is the extreme sOuthern portion where It is practically certain the earlier apples I and pears may be grown to successfully compete with CaliforniA in thc northern markets This cannot b done In northern Utah and therefore It Is not advisable to plant more or the summer fruits than Is required for hrs family use famil s Apleummer Yellow rsnrent Red Astraehan fall Maiden Blush Duch ass of Oldenburgh Rambo winter Jonathan Jona-than Vine Sap Ben Davis Wolf River Rome Beauty Rhode Island Greening J White Winter Peaaln 1oteThe yellow Nm On PlppIn Albemarle Pippin Is regarded a the best inter apple In California It Is also regarded garded as one fl the most popular fr all American apples In England It is fair to presume that this apple will prove profitable profit-able to growers In central and southern Utah i PearsSummer Giffard Tyson Sum rummer Gfard Tn SheldOn me Doyenne fall Bartlett Howl Neis Anjou winter Lawrence Winter I PechcAlexnde earliest red partly part-ly freestone Amelia large white so for drying Hales large white flesh reddish dish skin free Foster large yellow early ly free Ebrta large yellow free Stan third for maIn crop Brett large white with red cheek free Stump white r cheek free Champion extra fine large white free one or the best Vhotand I large yellow free fine for drying lemon ciing fine late poach heaths clngb u tful late white orange cling late large AprlcotsRol Moor Park etarneBoston yellow free new white free whie QulnceRe Itur mammoth champion Prneenan Italian French Hungarian I Hun-garian silver tragedy CherriesSOUr Early Richmond red Cherreour I English Morclo dark red May Duke Eglsh r r dark rtd Late Duke dark red Sweet Nnpoledn l large light red fine shlpper Black Republcn large dark firm snip per nlghts Early large fine shipper i Vindsor large J k good shipper Half sweet ontmorenc Belle do large Citoise Empress Eugene AlmondI X L very hardy regular bearer soft shell Ne Plus Ultra prolific regular large soft shell nut Nonpareil extra heavy bearer paper shell one of I the best GrapesHaIJ Concord Yoren Ag wr Moors Early Niagara Isabella Duchess Delaware salem Foreign Muscat Mus-cat of Alexandria large white raisin Musctele Guardo Blanco white raIsin market Sultana White seedless raisin Thompsons Seedless white Flame Tokay large ro market Black Hamburg fine dessert Black Morocco extra late mar ket Zinfandel purple bet for claret Clfornia or Mission purple fine dessert Back Cornlchon late market Rose of Peru targe black beautIful Small IrulsIn the berry fruits get latitude Is permissible since all varieties of currants gooseberries raspberries blackberries dewberries and strawberries I do well all over Utah and the chief de inand is for family use and near markets I ocii nurserymen are prepared to supply Iusne ac varieties tnt succeed In thefr particular sections While there has been and will continue con-tinue to be considerable departure from the above lst still the majority of orchards planted during the past five years will be found to contain the I varieties herein named Based upon actual count of fri trees In Weber and Salt Lake counties during the summer of 1899 and a careful care-ful estimate of those in other counties I Is supposed that there are In the central portion of the state 1 e Box Elder Weber Davis Salt Lake and Utah counties not less than 750OO fruit trees over four year old and more than onehalf that number under four ear making a grand total of more than h 990O00 fruit trees 1n five count s In tOe new ugnt tnat Is constantly being thrown upon the sUbject of orchard I or-chard culture It Is fair to assume that the ratio of Increase will In the future exceed the past until Utah shall become be-come a leading factor In the fruit production ducton of the United States No Oerproduction A leadIng commission merchant and dealer In fresh fruits who has watched the market In AmerIcan and European cites during the past twenty years came to Utah to buy apples a few year ago FInding the crop s small he expressed regret that he mustg elsewhere for sid he I am determined deter-mined to sooner or later make some money out of Utah apples I can reach a finer trade and realize a better price with the choice winter apple grown in Utah than with any other stock I find But the apple must be the best that I Utah producers ot the ordinary fruit With proper attention to varieties and culture Utah should ship 200 car of apples east every year No overproduction overpro-duction would be felt by the orchard ist who pak choice fruit but the apple grower in less favor regoo w uld soon fInd that there was a surplus sur-plus of apples that would not come up to the Utah standard The above opinion given by an expert I ex-pert Is fully justified by the products I of a few orchards in Utah that are properly cared for Tat all Utah fruit mIght be brought up to that high t + + iIi + + + + + + + + + + + 4 4 + + standard Is evident to one who knows I the naturally favorable conditions Profits I Horticulture o branch of agriculture offers greater great-er inducements for the Investment of capital and brains than are guaranteed In fruit raisIng Apple trees are usa ally set at a distance of twentyfour to I thirty feet each way while peach pear and prune tree are set closer so that orchards average about 100 trees to the acre In meet localities In Utah choIce land with water right may be obtained at from 60 to 100 per acre The orchard or-chard In good condition would increase these figures about 30 per acre that is the trees would cost about S3 per 100 set out and ready to grow During the frt three years the ground between be-tween the trees may be utilized to grow any of the vegetable crops without with-out injury to the trees thus yielding interest on the investment and pay fOr cultivation After the third year In peaches and prunes or the fifth year in pear and apples the fruit yield will return faIr Interest on the investment invest-ment From and after the sixth year the returns are large beyond alt proportion pro-portion when the original cost of the orchard Is considered Figuring only 50 cents per tree a ridiculously low figure the revenue would be 50 per acre Allowing 20 per acre for cultivation vaton picking and marketing the fruit and there Is a net revenue of 50 per acre or 10 per cent on a valuation of 30 per acre With 3 yield of 10 per tree which is more nearly the possible returns In UtAh there Is left good interest In-terest In a valuation of 1000 per acre which is about What a first class Utah orchard Is worth worth These are not average figures NothIng Noth-Ing could be more unjust than to judge of Utah horticulture by an average of all the scaled orchards Hundreds of dilapidated and neglected orchards In the state are even worse than In cumbrances to the land they occupy yet strictly speaking all these worthless worth-less orchards must be taken Into account ac-count when seeking an average of the fruit production But if only thee tracts of land arc comtdered where owners make a specialty of fruit growing geclalJ gow Ing and where progressive uptodate methods are employed the highest figures fig-ures give herein are S just average of the valuation and profits of a Utah orchard In substantiation of this names locations and records ot sales can be given if necessary Nor need there be any considerable allowance for depreciation or wearing out of the orchard 11h proper selection of sol as to adaptation to the particular fruit to be planted careful attention to drainage freuent fertilization thor ough dflnfet0n and rational prning of trees the life of an apple orchard In Utah should be fifty years or more while peach trees should be profitable for at least twentyfive years after planting eas aler plantng This Is demonstrated in nearly all tee older settlematg of Utah where there f tl g af are instanced of great fruitfulness by very old trees even where neglect rather tar care haS been their par ton One case in point Is the Pear main apple tree at North Ogden which In 1895 bore fifty bushels of choice ap I pIes when It had been ap pIe who hd bee plated thirty five yea The tree is stilt In prime condition and bids far to duplicate the crop of five years ago Orchard Pets Candor compels the statement that tat the Utah horteuturalst must combat numerous injurious Insets and die eat In this respect however Utah suffers n more than other sates an even leos than may or tem The ab senSe of excessive moisture from dew and rainfall reduces the chances for fungus growth so troublesome in moist war countries the insets while numerous nu-merous and active are not Invincible and yield to vigorous treatment with well known Insecticides I Board of nrl1h I oar For the purpose of fostering the great get frt interests of Utah there Is a state board of horticulture established by law and consisting of tro members appointed by the governor and repre seating different sections of the state The same law provides for county fruit tree inspectors who car out the re latons of the state boar In the mate of orchard or-chard dlslneon for the suppression suppres-sion of disease and injurious Insets The efforts of the cIors board ot horticulture are directed toward improving the gen gn oral conditions of orchards especially as to cultivation fertilization and a cutvaton ertizaton ad prn lag also in the securing adoption of approve methods of picking packing and marketng fruits While thee is much lethargy shown by the majority of farmers with whom fruit growing is only incidental the orhardists who make the business a study respond most cordially to the suggestions made by the bar The several member of the board of horticulture will give special attention to all requests for information In-formation pertaining to fruit foraton frit growing whether from residents of Utah or from those living elsewhere As at present constituted the board consists gf Thomas Judd St Gee H Ogden E Cal Provo and J A Wright Experiment Farms The lat legislature enlarged the I SCOpe of the work for the board by an ict providing for an experiment farm In southern Utah I Is Intended that numerous and carefully conducted c perlments shall bo made to determine the mot suitable methods in all lines of horticultural work Thee the va I ious theories regarding planting rgalng platD pruning prun-ing cultivating and spraying of trees also modes of thinning picking packing pack-ing evaporating and marketing of fruit wi be tete and ful reports pub I 1 t h H 1 u H v C w u = u selected near St George In Washington Washing-ton count and active operations will I begin early in 100 The provision of this law will render the work of the board of horticulture doubly effective and of increased good to fruit growers throughout the state Future Possibilities To state In figures or to estimate in dollars and cents the future possibIlities ot horticulture In Utah 15 beyond the ability of any living person That Im menso revenue must come in Is assured as-sured In the counties of Cache Box Elder Weber Davis Sat Lake Utah Sanpote Sele Millard and Emery are thousands of are that may be made to yield four Cold more In fruit tan In I on nth + Tn t nf counties today are numerous orchards that are objCl lessons Traversed as they are by railways that are feer to the transcontinental lines the transportation trans-portation problem is easily solve With 100 acre or more of standard fruits of Uths beat quality growing In each county buyer front an over the world will flock to Utah to bid on the orchard crops each year Thus price I will be kePt at the top notch and each I gowe will reeve the utmost his qua iy of fruit will justify Competition will serve to constantly rise the standard stand-ard or excellence A natural outgrowth ot this Increased produeton will b numerous nu-merous canneries and evaporating works for the preservation of all stir plus and low grade stocks I i then perfectly justifiable to predict that within ten 0 fifteen yea the revenue from fruits In ever one of the counties named will equal that now erne in the entire state Moreover there must b ample allow anne made for the future development af Uths DixIe that wonderful s ton along the Virgin river In Washington Washing-ton county There the climate Is suit e to not only the fruit that thriVe In northern Utah but also the fct figs pomCie and the almond nuts grow to perfection Tat mart lous country lacks only railway transports ton to place Il even with California in the matter of ema early fruits for eastern markets Alogthe the outlook for horticulture t horticul-ture In tRait Is bright indeed and no I field for materal development or greater inducement to capitalists either 1ag or 3I |
