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Show sixteen In. hcs, th same dimensions ' applying to brick foundation. Stone la Expenalve. Stone foundations are a H'tlc more rxp-nlve than concrete foundations, in most 1.,4-alitM. Where stone Is ImmeilUieiy available and crave! and sand Bearer, ston" foundation, nnd?r thee circumstance, would cost less. If the Mone com' from the quarries In regular course ;t h 1 3 makes the bet ualls. Sneh a .wall ran he made U-Ucti U-Ucti inchoH tick.! If the wall g of ruhhle none, '? or small, irregular broken pIei-K of Ktone, the vail shoull be at leant eighteen Inches. In either cv.e rem-nt mrtar 6hould be unod and the wall plastered with cement mortar on the fut-lp when complete. When foundation walls are made of brlek thy aluo should be laid np in cement mortar with a good roat of cement on the outflde and only good, bard brick sh'uild be uped. SOLID FOUNDATION SHOULDJE LAID The foundation, while tho least seen of any part of a house, Is a very liu-portant liu-portant part of its construction, says Architect A. C. Clauseu In a western exchange. If the foundation should prove Inadequate as to size or quality of the materials of which It Is made, allowing the building to settle, very bad effects result which are usually Irreparable, except at great expense1. There arc well-defined rules for figuring fig-uring out the glzc of the foundation and the footing under it, in proportion propor-tion to tho kind of foil on which the foundation rests and the weight ef the building upon It. The first thing to consider when determining de-termining tho thickness of the walls or size of thc footings Is the kind of soil on which the footings are to be built Dedrock Is, of course, the very best kind of a foundation, but It sol-dom sol-dom found near enough to the surface sur-face to be considered. Next to this, sand and gravel In Its native bed provides pro-vides the beat soil In which to build footings. In excavating, care should be taken that no more sand Is removed than is needed, making It necessary to fill In afterwards with loose sand er gravel, for It Is almost impossible, even with water, to pack down sand and grave to as hard a bed as the natlvo bed before It was disturbed. Strong Footings Necessary. While footings are not always put under walls for residence construction, the expense Is so little that there Is little reason for omitting them, and It Is better to Include them, and be on the safe side. The footings for a frame residence need not be over twenty-four inches wide, or thirty inches for a two-story brick house. The thickness of the foundation wall varies according to the material of which It is made, and tho weight upon It. When the foundation Is on clay, care must be taken that the foundation founda-tion walls go down below the frost, for if the frost gets under the footings foot-ings either during construction or after af-ter the house is built, there Is no power on earth that will keep the clay from heaving the walls. For this reason it is a good policy, when the building on top Is light In weight, to excavate away from the bulldiui: about two feet around the houso and fill In with sand or gravel. With a full two-story house on top of the foundation or a brick house this precaution is not necessary, the 1 weight of the building holding the walls firmly In place and preventing the heaving of the clay against them from moving the walls. Sometime'5 clay Is found to be porous, containing a large quantity of water. When this Is the case the footings should bo very much widr than undr other conditions, the width depending upon the exact conditions found. The only way to build a foundation on marsh y places or on quicksand Is to drlv piks through It on to solid ground Tr.ake a reinforced concrete gird" neroxR tho top of them and then start the foundation. Concrete Much Used. Footings are nearly always nial of concrete, f-loco they ran b made rhoapcr of this material than any other, and being in one continuous line serves the purpose better than broken pieces of stone. The foundation founda-tion wails are usually of concrete, some kind of stone, or brlek. If of concrete the walls should be solid, and the cheapest wav to build It In to pmir the material Into wooden forms. The studding and boards used In these forms can afterwards be us In the construction of the buludlng While eight-Inch walls are sometimes used for foundations of bungalows, it Is advisable to make them at least ten Inches In thickness, for a two-story two-story htif twelve inche. an,i for 6olid brick or brick vcjieerei h0UBC |