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Show I Kidding Nation Out of an Hour of Its Night Life I Daylight Saving Plan 1 Designed to Put the People j to Work an Hour Earlier and Thus Fabricate 60 Minutes I of Afternoon Play Time for I Them E - : " . .! -jri0 MAKE summer 'days Into longer B 5ns and sunjmor nights Into shorter nights, is the purpose i or Uic ilaviight a'Ins measure. Paua-i Paua-i in the giant task brought on. by the war. the nation dares to take Hie time ,. t lo direct Its attention to that seemingly p. very "small matter ot borroMlng from"" p Ihe night a rew paltry minutes to b'a v ft Given to the day. . f , t'hort and Tew though they ai-e, -the matter of "borrowlnff theso minutes' Is not of so little moment after all.' ' For Tlth every man, woman and' cblid In if ihe nation trading one night hour for, a. cay hour. IOC.000,000 hours or' 10,030,000 days are added to' the nation's assets Icach lime the clock hands ' make a t1cc-around trip. , Tho daylight saving plan Is lo movm II ul' one hour tho hands of all ' clocks an- winches in the country, making tho active day begin an hour earlier and er.d an hour earlier. This is to 3avo an hour of the morning time that la 1 wasted during the summer, using it for ork arid thereby running ahead one . hour during the day, giving a -surplus hour In the late afternoon. J ' The principle is that if the people-can people-can be forced lo adopt the hahlt of "lllng the day closed and going to V'cd I n hour earlier and then getttlns up . n hour earlier, they .will hayc'an extra : hour of sunlight. This extra hour will Mme in the evening and' nt a time It fan bs used to better advantage .for "creations or working, In the garden, " 'n Jur,t taking a good aftcr-M'ork . ocur rent. - ' Pre iiir War Measure, ( Curing :, vncr tho sun rises a earl" 4..-. i ..dock and sets as lato j f zs i.:0Jc, which elves fifteen !!. jnrs of 1?i,t h0Mrs and nJne of dark hurs. L nuer tne old sy8lcm thc avcr. ,nEo person begins work at 8 o'clock, hlch Is three and one-half hours after Qn-Up and qujt3 work two and onc. half hours before dark, or at 5 o'clock. ( Under the new system the aver&eo i frion wni bogln work at 7 (tho clock "Mis win say it Is S). which is two j nd onc-half hours after sun-up and will ; Ml work at j (though thc clock hands ). which is three and one-half tours before dark. Thus thc moving up l the hands of the clonk will shorten morning leisure period an'dicngthen ne aftriioon' pleasure time. The daylight saving bill has' been ' -trmed a pressing war measure Though lUo ia the matter of tradfng hours ms. the measure is indeed a. prcss-one prcss-one and is Important a. a war "'ensure. By u3 adoption the nation H bo aWe to raise much more par. J , 3c'n truck and poultry, etc., as la reprc- I' utcd by tile ,:ihor of onp man work "R l0'tK.'H)0 days or lO.OOO.O'rtJ men '"rtlrtB one day,- or 1,000,000 men work-J1 work-J1 rRer icltK",-t ot -Pcoplo will J. tho cxtra-hour in work that-wlll- 1 tcnd'"lo Increase Indlvldual-rproductlon, necessarily thc nation's production.' And not alone on this score, will a gain be madc. By the borrowing qf'an extra night hour for the day side,' lights throughout the nation will-'burn Just one hour less thai)-they otherwise ""-would. This represents a saving of -: approximately, anc-njhlh of tho fuel tused in making artificial light.. This, .during tho period of one, summer, runs -to ithc very high figure of $4(1,000.000. 'Itt has been shown J 10.000,000 worth of coal will supply all ships used In sending Uncle Sam's army and tho 'mountains of supplies lo France. Daylight Saving Abroad. , "Already a dozen countries 'of - tho globo have put in voguo tho daylight saving practice. , They arc .France, .England, Italy, Portugal, Holland. Denmark, Den-mark, Norway, Sweden,- tho Aumr'allan Federation, parts of Canada, wlrnt remains, re-mains, of pocr Belgium, and Austria and Germany. The last two were tho first 'to adopt It, and as a result have gained many days which they havb used In their misplaced preparations to conquer tho world. i . . In every country the plan has been proven successful. So succcssfih, Indeed, In-deed, has It been that in. each nation It is claimed that even after the war It will bo kept In vogue. Tho proposition received splendid support throughout America from tho day It was first presented pre-sented at Washington. That was more than a year ago. Soon almost every chamber- of commerco in the land had indorsed it, as well as had labor and other great factors and Individuals by the tens of thousands.' Heading the list was the name of President Wilson. Tho Boston Chamber of Commerco last year, at tho tlmo It was beginnipg its- campaign in favor of tho pasaago of thc bill, set1 forth' the following reasons, for its adoption: One hour more of outdoor exercise by daylight ; One hour less bad lighting -in tenements tene-ments and such buildings. Less eyo strain. . I-css risk of accidents In industrial establishments, because there will bo natural' light to 'lesson fatigue and help attention In tho last working hour of 1 the day, .when, it Is known, most accidents acci-dents occur. i - 1 Similarly1 less Ir'aflic'and 'transportation 'transporta-tion risk 'n tho late afternoon rush. Towards morning a sounder last hour of sleep for everyone but nlght workers, because there will be less daybreak light to, disturb people. - Bigger and better war gardens. And, of course, tho coal. My, My, My, My! Prior to the time that other nations began to save daylight by the passage of proper lawn, some argument 'was heard agalnxl It In some of those countries. coun-tries. Thc most bitter opponent was a French - astronomer, - Prof.- Ch. "Lalle- mand. who based his contentions on the theoiv that different amounts of daylight would be saved In different Iattltudcs and that some countries would get loo much and others too little. However. In two widely separated countries. Italy and N'orway, it was immediately proved successful. Some presented thc argument that the change in the time would so thoroughly upset train schedules that wrecks would occur, oc-cur, producing loss of life and property. But In no country' has a train wreck been caused by ihe change. Tho clock hands are moved during tho night at thu. tlme tho period begins, and ,ho people got up by It thc next morning.' morn-ing.' and. thc wheels of thc nation begin to movei by It. ic . Is 'simply a. matter , In which thc people of a nation "openly and above b'oard" fool themselves Into thinking true a thing that they know . "to bo otherwise. But the result is good. Though oth6r nations had adopted thc plan' before thc United Stale gave It serious, consideration, It will be Interesting, In-teresting, to know that an American was the father of the idea. Few there arc who can guess who this Yankee was. it was none other than Benjamin Franklin. While representing tho United States Government in France In 17SI, Franklin advanced the idea and It was published there under the heading of "Economical Project for Diminishing tho Cost of Light." He announced that the sun not only appears before most Parisians arc out of bed, but actually gives light as soon as It rises. He outlined, in substance, sub-stance, tho very plan that, since the beginning of tho European war, has been out in practice In 1007 an Englishman by tho namo ol Wlllott published a treatise styled "Tho "Wasto of Daylight." Ho followed this up with vain efforts to obtain tho passage pas-sage of a law thcro by which the hands of tho clocks would be set ahead. Ho was considered a crank. He died before be-fore seeing his dream realized. He has in general measure been considered tho father of Ihe project. Missourian a Pioneer. Germany started the plan In 1015 with a view of greator war work. Franco and England followed by adopting , It In 1010. Other countries followed. From every auartcr of every country has come nothing but praise for It. There remains little doubt but that all nations that have tried It will, if they arc existing .1.. ... .1. - ..In. ft ncemo the world has at last, more than a century after Franklin first told how to do It. concluded to save some of its daylight hours. The bill was Introduced before tho United States Senate by Senator Caldor of Now York. The Houso bill was Introduced In-troduced by Congressman William P. Borland of Missouri, who was among thc first ot thc daylight-saving advocates advo-cates In Washington. The moaouro Is known as thc Caldor-Borland bjll. .Representative Borland originated the movement In the House and has pressed for Its adoption two or throe years. The only amendment made to the Sonatc bill In tho House committee was to change tho period of operation of thc time schedule. Campaigning In favor of tho measure on n national scale began to gain effect In the United States last year, when a National Daylight Saving Convention was held In New York. Marcus M. Marks was mado head of the association. associa-tion. Tho membership runs into high numbers and Includes a large per cent of the country's most Influential business men and statesmen. Senator Colder, In a New York interview, inter-view, gave the following explanation of tho bill: - "The purpose of lha bill Is to move tho day one hour' earlier during tho summer months, thereby making use of one hour of daylight ordinarily wasted In early mornlnff. - -- J "Perhaps f'5 per cent of the adult population pop-ulation of America rises In daylight and retires in darkness during tho summer months. With this measure in effect there ..wlU-bciJustone hour moro of daylight day-light while we are awake and one hour less of darkness. There's nothing Intricate Intri-cate about it. Railways will move on the same schedule at the saino ilo. time. They will not even have to be ro-prlnted, ro-prlnted, except as other changes than those of time necessitates it. Forcdatcd engagements will bo kept, and the world, 03 per cent of which will be asleep when the change of lime is made, . will novar realize it. Kussia the Slacker. "Every Important nation In Europe, wljh the exception of Russia, has adopted adopt-ed thc scheme of jiving to work and to play moro time In thc bright, hours of tho Iwonty-four. It has worked successfully suc-cessfully in every one of thorn. It has given thc worklngman one extra hour of daylight recreation for tho llttlo labors . about thc home, such as gardening and repair work. If his Inclinations are In that direction. Great Britain gavo It a trial in 101G. Great Britain Is conservative. conserv-ative. Tho British Government took no chances with tho possible popularity of thc measure and left It to proof, but the proof was forthcoming, for In 1017 tho system was restored as a bcncllclal step. "Labor is back of the movement. I mean organized labor. Arthur E. Holder of tho American Federation of Labor came to us In tho hearing last summer and advocated the measure, saying that It had tho unqualified Indorsement of his entlro organization. It has appealed to thc fcderatlonlsts as a practical war-tlmo war-tlmo measure as well as an ensy way to give tho members tho chance for relaxation relaxa-tion between the end of the day's work and tho beginning of (the night's rcposo to thc extent of an entire oxtra hour. "It also appealed- to tho Federation of Labor as a conservation measure, just at thc time when tho needs of war had mado It evident that real conservation would be best promoted by tho Hboral extension of tho homo garden system to tho back yards and vacant lots of tho Industrial communities. "It Is Interesting to note thc effect the adoption of this bill would havo economically. eco-nomically. In theso war times it Is of supremo Importance that wo should con- VlW PRESIDENT ST. LOUIS CHAMBER OT COMMERCE serve .everything, and what Is more Important Im-portant than that the tlmo of thc workers work-ers should bo conserved? Thc substitution substitu-tion of an hour of daylight for an hour of darkness Is thc thing we conserve In this. At this very moment tho country 13 In the midst of a coal shortage, a very serious shortage. This is ono way to help that situation in the matter of fuel consumed con-sumed In creating artificial light. It 13 no fad at all. It Is a practical common-sense common-sense measure." Will Make Better Workers. Not only throughout America, but throughout other nations that have adopted the measure, it has had advocates advo-cates among thc lending thinkers of thc day. Each .has sound logic and pretty words, .but In almost all cases tho argument has narrowed to tho points already brought out that of saving sav-ing an hour becauso it will give tho pooplo an extra choice hour In which lo work around their homes or In which to enjoy their sports on tho tennis courts or the golf llnk3 or such other places that men llko to' rocreato. But it remains for a St. Loulsan, Jackson Johnson, president of the Chamber of Commerce, to present an entirely now angle. Johnson, In commenting upon the scheme, heartily Indorsed It, and declared de-clared that tho St. Louis . Chamber .of Commerce as an organization also , Indorses In-dorses it and all other movements tending" tend-ing" to lend strength and help' to the nation In Its war efforts or that are beneficial to mankind. "Tho best part of It all. It seems to me." said Johnson, "la that tho plan M ill,' after' It will havo been In operation, opera-tion, serve to make better Morkers. It will bo beneficial lo tho man or woman who honestly und enthusiastically perform per-form their duties of the day by giving . them an extra hour In M'hlch. to rest between tho time thoy cease M-ork and retire, giving them a chance to moro thoroughly relax and be better llttcd for restful nights. "And It will benefit thc follow M-ho has tho habit 'of Matching the clock, for tho last hour, by coming earlier, will naturally pass moro quickly. People Peo-ple are peculiar In that thoy arc creatures crea-tures of-habit. All naturally form habits that arc governed by tho subconscious mind. A man in the habit of quitting t. ork at. 5 o'clock m-111 subconsciously expect to quit at that time, and if he Is ono M-ho Is not in tuno M'lth the schemo of work, he lags under the pressure pres-sure of thc last part of his day's work. This man is knoM-n us a clock gazer. "It mattors not If ho knows the hands of thc clock have been altered in order lo try to help him fool hlmsolf Into thinking, tho tlmo of day Is different from what it really is, habit governs him to thc extont that subconsciously he will as a rule think of 5 o'clock (actual (ac-tual time) as being the end of his day, and, M'lth mind fixed upon this hour, will likely near his quitting time beforo ho is aM-aro of It. This will tond to demoralized his habit of thinking or Mork-tlmo limits and will go toward-making toward-making him moro of tho other typo of Morkor." Will Increase Efficiency. Mayor Henry Kiel 13 another strong advocate of tho daylight-saving system. Especially does he Indorse Its use during dur-ing thc period of tho M-ar, M'hon the M-holo nation must play ovory ounce of its energy into the industrial field If m-q aro to mako our best showing against tho Teutonic war gods. "It Is tho most aonslblo thing that has boon brought up In this country for consideration In a" long time," said Mayor Kiel. "Wasting daylight hours, when thoy aro so badly needed, Is oven M-orsc than M'astlng food at thc table. We should not become such slaves to habit that mo must spend an idle daylight day-light hour Just because tho clocks say It la not tlmo to go to work. It may slightly annoy some of us at first to meet tho .neM- schedule but I am suro that we can adjust our hublls to it in a-'Xov day's," and overyono of us should show hearty spirit of co-operation and ' do our duty cheerfully. ill "I can assure you that the St. Louis )H City Government will welcome tho 'H change that will be mado in every de- fH partmcnt, M'lth the knowledge that It ' Mill mean better service and consc- fl qucntly more service for both the city .lH and the nation. And, besides, it will help thc employed by giving them an JH extra hour during the period of tho day M-hcn they can uso it to more advan- 'IH Comptroller Louis Nolle Is an ndvo-catc ndvo-catc of tho saving scheme because he 'H sees .where it will increase efficiency. 'It Is a wire plan and m-111 greatly in- 1 crease the working efficiency of cverv il community," he said. "Of course, thi city departments will meet tho change promptly M'hen It Is put Into effect in tho nation. I am not for it only dirr- 'lH ing the period of the Mar, but here- Not alone In St. Louis among tho jH heads of big interests, but throughout ,H the land, the new plan Is being looked upon as a means by M'hlch more than onc end Mill he accomplished. Primarily jH the public in general stands In favor 1 of the movemont because It Is a Mar measure, and tho American public is ! back of the nation ji its alms to help crush the autocracy out of Germany. Men evoryM'hcre recognize It as a bono- IH llclal regulation, becauso It will force the people Into the habit of comform-ing comform-ing themselves to tho principles of the old saying; "Early to bed and early to jH nso makes a man healthy, wealthy and jH When the daily work hours are set sixty, minutes ahead and the peoplo cease work at a time Mhcn the tun Is one hour higher In the heavens than Mhen they ceased work under tho old 1 order of things, they will naturally ac- complish during the samo given number j of hours after work all that thy havo , been used to accomplishing and Mill be jH ready to retire an hour earlier. This m-111 give them their old quota of slcon f and rest. The new plan makes people ; involuntarily move their twenty-four- j hour schedule one hour ahead of ltrolf. hl In thc discussions that have followed f slnco tho plan first bocamo generally J talked of In this country, some unique questions and arguments havo arisen. Somo havo taken the stand that to ac- complish the program It Miil be necos- I sary lo move tho clock hands back an ) hour Instead of forward an hour. Many j newspapers, in commenting upon tho ! subject, have referred to It as "moving tho hands back." But this is wrong. Tho plan Is to mako thc chango at 1 jH o'clock in thc morning. Therefore at that instanco 2 o'clock Mill be made to seem like 3 o'clock, 4:3) Mill be mado jB to appear as 5:30. S as 0. 5 as 6, and 7:30 at S:S0. In other words, the man who ' HBV has been In tho habit of seeing tho j iHBV .sun rise at 1:30, of getting up at 6, go- j Inir to M'ork at . S, quilling Mork at ?, seeing darkness come at 7:b'0, and HftS ictlrlng at 30. m-111 nctually do this. HHJ Arise one and one-half hours after HBS sun-up, go to work at 7, quit work at and rotlro at 0. iH After all, it work? out to the simple end of America going to bod one hour , earlier and arising onc hcur earlier, all of which Mill result In thc nation being healthy and more nearly full of energy Mith Miiich to push the war to a sue- cessful conclusion, wealthy or moro nearly full of supplies with which to IH feed Itsolf and its great fighting army, and wise or moro nearly capable of solving the great and very perplexing problems which it will be called upon to deal with beforo the M'orld Mill havo i'l seen universal peace. iH So this is why the country believes -H Mith all of Its heart that it Is Miso to invoke thc working of the daylight sav-ing sav-ing system Into th nation's life, iH |
