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Show rams pun PEEIHT Big American Military Machine Ma-chine Must Operate for a Time Yet. Qreater Portion of U. S. Army to Remain for the Present Overseas. MVASIIINGTON, Nov. 11. Signing of tgc ; i r i j i i m t i i with dr-miany, which brings Lift world war to an end, does pot mean that Hie Rrftat American military ma-Opine ma-Opine will cease to operate at once. America must play an Important part In UitarminK and miardlnK the enemy and until this work is completed even the tBop movement to France will continue, aShouKh on a greatly reduced scale. 3purlng t he Interval between the cessation cessa-tion of hostilities and the conclusion of top peace conference Jt is assumed that tfep nuijor portion of General Pershing's ejjcdltlontiry forces In France must be retained then;. It Is possible also that tyt reasons of international politics some AjHicrican garrisons may be kept In dispelled dis-pelled territory even after actual peace negotiations have been closed. Troops which have seen the longest saVvlco in Franco probably will be returned re-turned homo soon, to be replaced by new men now in this country, who will perform per-form guard duty overseas. There are njbre than 1,000,000 men now In camps iflthe United States. Ceturn home of American naval forces -ajnttleahlps, destroyers, submarines, converted con-verted yachts, supply ships and other craft also will follow the end of the lULr. Definlto plans have not been re-vpiied, re-vpiied, but it iu assumed here that once deposition is made of the German high " afts .fleet and submarines in accordance district, and disembarking their passengers, pas-sengers, will return on a routine schedule sched-ule to meet the next detachment of soldiers sol-diers for that territory. By carefully controlling the returning shipments, military authorities believe that they can to a great degree regulate the flood of discharged soldiers so that no single section of the country would be swamped. The work of returning the soldiers to i their former civilian status In the indus- trial life of the nation has been turned over to the department of labor and Is j being handled by a special committee ; headed by Felix Frankfurter. An or-; or-; ganlzatlon is ready for the use of the i authorities In the same machinery which I has carried out the provision of the j "work or fight" order and It is under-. under-. stood that this will be used largely in I the task of finding positions for the men. Under this plan, each local draft board I will be constituted a central labor office for the district in which it is situated i and will place the men who were sent by it to the army, in the positions found ; vacant. While full authority is held by the war ; department for the demobilization of the i armed forces, the return of the nation's mobilized industries to a peace basis, it i is thought, will necessitate important legislation leg-islation by congress to prevent a period of acute disruption in business. Officials here expect that congress .will be called : upon soon to consider a "demobilization I bill," which will deal with this and kind-j kind-j red problems. Task Yet Unfinished. Designation of the units of the army to ! remain in France over the period of settlement set-tlement has not been taken by the war department. It should be realized, officials offi-cials point out, that even after terms of peace have been signed, a work of stupendous stupen-dous magnitude will remain. Millions of tons of material, comprising railroad equipment as well as arsenal supplies, repair re-pair and refitting plants and the strictly military accouterments, must be collected and invoiced preparatory to their disposal, either to one of the allied governments or reshipment to the United States. An army of considerable size will be needed for this work for months after the war ends. ' It has been suggested that the units to remain in France for this work be obtained ob-tained by calling for volunteers from the expeditionary forces. Under existing law, authority is given for the maintenance of a regular army up to a strength of about 375,000. Military men believe, however, that a much larger force will be required in Europe for possibly two years after the signing of the armistice. The British government began its preparations prep-arations for demobilization nearly a year ago. Its plans have been so thoroughly worked out that when a "dress rehearsal" rehear-sal" was held recently, a unit of the British Brit-ish army in France was sent through the machinery to its final operation where each man found himself in his native town, clad In civilian clothes, possessing a government voucher, which could be cashed at any post off ice, sufficient to cover a period of idleness. Each British soldier also will be handed a government insurance policy against non-employment. Complete plans for breaking up the French forces also have been prepared, but it is considered probable that the demobilization de-mobilization process in the case of these armies will be much slower than for the American or even the British, because of the necessity of guarding Alsace-Lorraine, and also In view of the gigantic task of reconstruction in the invaded districts. rath the terms of the armistice the Aftifrican dreadnoughts with the British Ktand fleet, together with most of tho destroyers and oilier submarine hunting a$d convoying craft, will return. Naval Work Ahead. jfcven with hostilities ended, however, njjpch other naval work, aside from that of. taking over and guarding German and Austrian naval vessels, remains to he dne. Removal of the thousands of mines laid by the allied, American and German nfivies will form no small part of this Work, and undoubtedly the fleet of mine-swccphiL; mine-swccphiL; and laying craft sent overseas I 1S the United States will assist in this rtftantic task. The greatest mine field isV that, put down in the North sea as aM barrage against l he German submarines. subma-rines. The mines were manufactured In tjs country and were laid largely by American ships. ffi&Vith the return of all German submarines subma-rines to their bases, allied and American Ameri-can shipping once more may sail the sjeyen seas wit hout fear of molestation iin'd in disregard of the regulations made necessary by Germany's unrestricted war-fsffWP war-fsffWP There' will be no more running at night without lights, with its attendant dangers of collisions, and zigzagging and deviation from established shipping routes. Much of the shipping used for war purposes will be freed for peacetime commerce and there will follow a gradual relaxation of the restrictions as to food and ,v tlier necessities imposed upon the peoples of the allied countries. These changes will not come Immediately, however, how-ever, for it is the purpose of the American Ameri-can and entente governments to co-op- erate with Germany, Austria, Bulgaria 1 and Turkey, as well as with Belgium. Serbia and Rumania, in furnishing, as far ! as possible, the food and other supplies necessary for the civilian populations of ! those countries. Wait Developments. These considerations of world peace, important as they are, must be adjusted ; as thev develop. They could not be ; planned tn advance as has been the 1 I breaking up of the military forces of the : United States. Great Britain and France 1 and the orderly return of the millions of j these soldiers to their civilian status. In this country the problem has been taken up with reference to Its two chief I phases: The strictly military, having to I do with the demobilization of the army and its safe return to America, and the Industrial which deals only with the Infiltration In-filtration of the soldiers into the ranks of labor after they have been released ; from the artillery. A third problem of demobilization will deal with the mobilized mo-bilized Industries of the United States. The military authorities have had under un-der consideration for some time the subject sub-ject of demoblliza! ion of the army, but the plan which will be used has not yet 1 been officially approved. Breaking up of the American expeditionary forces now numbering two and one-quarter millions I of men. will begin in France if this plan is adopted. The "program entails the gradual breaking break-ing up of the large military units Into segments governed solely by the location of the home of the individual soldier. Divisions Planned. The I'nited States will be divided into district?, each of which is to be fed by one or more Atlantic ports from Galveston Gal-veston to Bangor. Commanding officers of divisions will be instructed to detach, for instance, men from the "first demobilization de-mobilization district." which .might include in-clude men from Maine and Massachusetts and entrain them for a specified French port where adequate shipping will be waiting". These vessels will proceed directly di-rectly to the ports selected for the first |