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Show Dairy , Cow the World's Greatest Manufacturer By N. A. Clapp J Prize-Jf "inning Guernsey Cow. OP THR various sources of Income from the farms of the. country, the dairy products lead them all In money vh: corn alone excepted. In 1907 tho aggregates income from dairy products exceeded $80'!.-OnO.OOii. $80'!.-OnO.OOii. and It is now believed that tho Income In-come for all the dairy products during Ili03 will pa?s tne billlon-dullar mark. It Is mote Uian the value of the wheat crop. In otlu-r words, people are p-iying more for their milk, butler und thocse than they arc for their bread. In the fare of the fact that the cow Is tho cre:-.t fi:cfor In the dairy business, there has been but little attention paid to the selection and bnedlng of cows with the Idea of profitable prof-itable traduction In view. A cow has been looked upon as a cow. and little attention paid to the r.reat differences In cows. Thv question Is frequently .-'sked as to how- miK'I; th'i l.icome from each cow is likely to bo lui,fng a ye;:r. According to the best sources of Information Infor-mation wo have, there are about 22.OOH.000 cowh In the country. At the estimated Income In-come from the cows of a billion dollars, tho average Income per cow In tho whole country is $4.'i.i.j. a little le,.s than the value of tl.o feed neecssaiy to keep a cow a year at present pres-ent prices of praln, grass and forage. F.y tlt'it pl'" rf reckoning the dairy business ns a whole Is not very profitable. It would represent rep-resent a plan of disposing of the feed rals-;d on the furm at a little less than Its cash value In tin -ma rket. In addition to the feed consumed there i the labor attending the milking and earing for the cows, with tho risks and rent of the plant, tho farm thrown in, with only the manure from the cows to keep up the fertility of the farm to offset all that Is done to keep up the business and run It. 13ut there Is another side to the dairy question. We know very well from experience experi-ence and the results obtained by others that when good dairy cows are kept and well handled han-dled there is a liberal profit over and above all the costs of I'ed. labor, use of plant, risks and Interest on the money Invested. Wo have many records showing that the Income from whole large herds of dairy cows for ml.'k alone has brcn considerably above JlOtf per cow during the year. These very profitable prof-itable cows are not In the majority. While there is a comparatively small percentage of the dairymen getting large profits from their cows, there are a great many dairymen that are doing business at u loss. There Is a great difference in men and their methods of management man-agement There is a wide difference in cow, and It Is my intention at the present time to make plain some of the essentials of a good daiiv cow and give my reasons why those essentials are necessary in order to have a good, profitable dairy animal: During my career of over forty years as a farmer and stock breeder it has been my aim to learn to detect the characteristics that are required to make the best and most profitable females. The first and prime essential es-sential Is that the female be well sexed In other words, that as a female she be pre -nounecdly feminine, and not carrying the traces ot masculinity that are too often found In cows kept in I he dairy herds. She should be feminine from the head on throughout through-out the whole animal. In observing the animals that have become be-come distinguished as great producers, cx- the carrying of the nutritive elements in tbe food to different parts ef the body. Tie-heart Tie-heart Is at tin" head of the circulatory t-vs-tcm and fdiouM be large. The extern il slcns arc width of the Jaw and between th- fore legs. A large amount of blo.V, is essential and the amount can be determined by the 1 size of the veins. What Is often culled the tnllk vein on the under side or the abdomen Is but a blood )ein. an 1 Hows wh-ller t cow has a large' or sin. ill amount of bloo.l. All cows that give lirge nuantlti-s of milk make a large amoent of blood. The size of the foram n, or opening, where the vein enters en-ters the chest, will Indicate the amount of blood thut courses through It. The nervous nystem, the ptominenco or lack of which Is indicated by the width .-f the head, the dl.-Unee from the poll to the eyes, that ."hows the .!: of the brnin, and the size of the ears, nove, neck, I'-l's and tail. When the nervous sy.tem Js In (he lead a thing very deslrabb there Is a large br,ln, lino head and cars, tlim n- ck, line bono In the legs beloV tho knees i.nl hock, and a tllni tail. As the nervous system controls the whole machinery of the body, both Involuntary and under the will of the animal, it houM be In - the lead. It has to do with the digestion, circulation, respiration, assimilation and aluo secretion of the milk. By the Influence of fright or excitement the processes of life are Interrupted, the fccretlon of milk N Hther greatly diminished or entirely cut off. The oven tenor of tho life of the animal Is conducive con-ducive to good n suits. The Importance of kind treatment of the cows certainly ought to bo apparent. The lymphatic system has to do with the process of absorption, or taking the materials of nutrition from the idl'oenlary canal, conveying con-veying them into the circulatory system, and In the course of I he circulatory processes hold In the glands the fully bubstances that are laid up in the body for further use, In case of emerceney., or returning the same to the v. nous circulation, where they are taken out In the process of milk secretion, and are carrhd away with the milk. When th" lymphatic lym-phatic system is active there Is a mellowness mellow-ness at the surface of the body, the skin and underneath the skin, which should not be overlooked over-looked in the process of Improving the dairy cow. A thin, p ip- ry skin or a hard hide and surface never goes with a good milker that puts a good deal of fat In the milk. The part performed by the lymphatic system sys-tem with the dairy cow is controlled to a great extent by the treatment of the cow and the habits of lor entire system, a subject sub-ject of su.'ilcient magnitude for a separate article, and on this account I am compelled to drop It at the- present time. In ."c i"-etlrig cows for the dairy keep In mind the fact that they should be light In front and heavy in the rear, their chins narrow, nar-row, but their loins anil hips broad, and sides deep. In order to give room for a good udder. ud-der. The vital organs stomach, heart and lungs should be large and strong in order to insure goo 1 constitutional vigor, a prime necessity to enable the cow to hold to her work of milk production for a long period of years. By Judicious selection r.nd breeding breed-ing for improvement the Income frem the Individual cows kept In the dairy herds can be greatly increased. The reward Is worth the effort- cellent breeders and good mothers, as It has been my privilege to see them In different parts of the country. I have noticed that tho characteristic femininity has been Invariably Invaria-bly In tho lead with cows that have been animals an-imals of marked, excellence for a long period each year, and a long period of years. As a pro"f of this assertion I will ask those who rend this to Mudy closely the distinguished animals that are Illustrated in the agricultural agricul-tural papers and see If It Is not correct. I have a large collection of plctuns of tho Ois-lln'rulshcd Ois-lln'rulshcd cows in all of the dairy breeds, and thus far I have failed to llnd an exception excep-tion to the rule. Kvcry animal is made up of a combination combina-tion of systems, and the balancing of those systems in e-ach animal decides the character charac-ter ot the animal. Kach animal Is as its make-up constituted It, and can only be changed us the habits of life modify it. Xo r.p.1ieal changes occur In one or two generations. gener-ations. In the dairy cow there are seven systems that should ni' considered the bony, muscular, muscu-lar, respiratory, nutritive, circulatory, nervous and lymphatic. They all have a put in deciding de-ciding the character of the cow. ( As far as the bony system Is concerned. It is at the foundation of the motive power of the animal, and while il lias to elo with ihe carrying of the cow in search of food .and holding Ihe vital machinery in place, it should not be in the lead The bones nn:st not be large, fiq- if they were there would be n tendency to great size and masculinity that must lie avedded In order to secure the best results The great producing cows aro not the large, bony animals of the breed. The muscular system has its part to perform per-form In the work of the animal in moving and manipulating the oonea r.nd performing tho work of locomotion. Tho cow Is not an animal that Is used for physical service, and the muscles should not be considered with that Idea In view; but the tendency toward carrying lean meat Is desirable, as against the tendency to lay up adipose membrane (fat) in different parts of the body. The external ex-ternal sign eif this temperament is shown by the length of the head from the eyes p, the end of the nose a long one for a milker anl a .-hort one for a beef animal. The rispiratory system, th" breathing part (the lungs), should be we 11 developed, as it has to do with taking In and expelling the air that purlins and enriches the blood wlih oxygen, Ihe life-giving element of the air, and carries it to the different pints of the system, where it is utilized in repairing ''and building up the system in all its parts. The size of the lungs can be Judged by lie; size of the materials, and the width e.f the body back of the fore legs. The nutritive system his to do with the consuming ef the food and manufacturing It Into divim- and chyle, that which constitutes, the nourishment that sustains the body and furnishes the material from which the nilllc is made A large stomach la desirable I e'en e'-en use It is the repository In which the rood is stored In the process of converting It into the elements that make meat and milk. The' external signs are the large abdomen and good width ef tin' bead at the point midway between tin- eyes and ears, (he gustatory or appe tite editor of tho brain. A keen re 1 1 :ll for food Is (jeslr.ibb , f-ir it not only enables the animal to cat. but the jvilce-s that are concerned In the digestive ppici s;s n,v ivael-ily ivael-ily while eating. The circulatory system has to do with |