Show I UtI I Mn I I r 1 p f I About Some Sieges Ancient and modern 1 hIi I n 1 u I IA siege la Is one on of ot the theo moot mOlt arduous All A kinis on UI troops can canI I be bo employed one noR In which h th tho 0 prIze pille ran can only bf br Mined liT liy te victory und end nd failure la Ii I usually attended with liquor lOllS hiss or It dire ler SW I or failure sit lit a n siege alete frequent frequently ly Iy a tate late of or u ii I of ut un on and atoP hue has snore more than once one that of lit t n a 1 state Itah The Intent t is ta of it u I 1 are re fre fie on III the tIO sun ur ure nail nailI 8 p I of ot u II i fortress therefore sieges b bf be arlI un on by hy u IL due aue union o oatlene of atlene labor nut tOol force torre It If they the arc are to he ho rendered d not 1101 only abort hort h rt but hul anti little t ti men mell A siege Mere owl lid though It r for lor the greatest i braer bravel th J gr ate t exertion and I labor lebom In nil III d 1 IH Is In Ita he II PU KI 1 toil 1111 result re It ft la Is s soli il I tint thit bitt rf II u 1111 IP ful over oer overa a tint Ihal t lou t St lit ii t an to pol II I il tI p pIn In hoMIng holding oi or tot it al u I o i ic th t tonI in o Thin IhM ii Will vas inu h In Ito J tin iun ar or In Ii 11 I II 0 IlI h it WIH V es M held thit that 1111 tb l M uli had IVi their by to III i only to tI pit lIt II I tin in ittel tel short I 1101 v ei 1 so e t t un 1111 10 0 auth authority orlly tie is Sir tr Ir George S II p J has Han disposed fI of t thus thin Ihl b t putt nut bow 1110 ho tout ClOt for foi forthe 7 C the he fortresses In III II oil i Ih I mIl would hn hll o 54 P 11 i hr It S ent 1 cI lIr of lit till all II II II 1111 oil of ot I F within It bin tun I 1 iP I ii H of If ih t 11 ton t I C r lint hat hattit I tit ties VALl ALII ALI I m s q t a it aIn Thos who sho 1110 g 4 L hl In h III Ill 11 11 I lot I lI In III Kin till hI hIot o of ot f tort nil l 1 ii il n 14 K I 11 II n iO U II t st Ht l to In to Join f t v itt Kui I luIt h Mt Hi t I t i i hrh u irk K s NI u h hIn it I In hi big hatt MM Its II tot fid II Port Arthur Arthurl l hats haa o ill un t i ni i i v i F M IiI l th tIPS ilif floodlIt all fi l i t p ti h i i i li Ii soil fiu stilt Ii 1 t prom rn u 1 l 1 J I In in h of f Ift l and an U ot In Sr I p t It lb IH is In t S i iH I I II t I t I lit if it ui 11 t in rig K Kr roes H tie iov il r in i n i K jC nil 1114 this thin without inu u III Oh MI Ii h hut i alt ut U Pie II Otto Ih III it f Hon Uon 10 1 Si Voltaire th Ih the lis use II of ot artIllery In Ill M I at II In it I i hut lut if It I I III id runs gulls nt lit It t S n I t tey 4 1 i 0 I ha hati bei hin n I I tU h to 11 I t 11 j 1 u 11 I t may 1550 tf MIt tel I y ID too tint that h moil II ii 4 ni nt ut thu tho siege c I i UM HI iii lH tI h u i is ui I the thu Ih tad M at of the tIt tItS rudest make und po powerless erlem to Inflict S uJ U UJ Li U U U IA U U U U U U U U U U U Ii u any serious damage on Ott stoutly built fortresses Thereupon the next IP was wal the inventIon of ot an nn explosive projectile pro tilt to wit nit It the bomb anti and olio also of or a It short hort cannon cennon the mortI to discharge the former vertically Bomb are said Id to have been Oil In HOI by b R a 1 ninn At nt Venlo but for more mort than 1 itO 0 18 they tho were wre only sparingly used In tho Dutch and Eur EM alone In 1613 mortars mortara tot for or were cut cast at It II Sussex anti and at t the sante m period p two of ot Henry VUIs namely Peter Baud a R 1 Frenchman born and another alien IMer Peter Van an Cohen Collen Invented n a hol hoi hollow hollow low lovi shot started with wild wildfire tIre fire and set Nt with Mr Ir Mailer Maller an on l n engineer lint taught the th the art of ot throwing bombs trout from mortars was an A first practised on n is lArgo larg seal ceale at nt the siege of ot Hotte Lotte In 1611 1614 the time pf f Vauban the th super was wac AI on the skis aide hl of or the df tun but hut lila his genius ao to completely e everId the cue case that the success of orv ar attack a tRek conducted and with ude te quate quete means mean has haa h lie been n until the present time a matter of Aa AI a the tilt In of ot parallels In tn ell he Ov end ered and perfected the lisa II irresistible system 11 tem of attack which has lias ever been In ao so followed lubAn again was 1 the father of the theart theart theart art of or mining which lui ho employed with trem tremendous fleet In both the till attack und and defense det nf ot fortresses The bet belt de Ie defenso drawn train counter mined was van thaI thit of oC o the of Q Tourney Tourne Ihk II h lie hl flUte tots till hi masterpiece In HOP AI All thi tho works belonging to tl thie t tIPI It i undermined After Att r the Ibe mil hall with the utmost thi S If malters of ot the tha out r works thi Ih French Ix the cart and IU blew up tip hundreds hundred It If not of til the th besiegers rs at a 8 blast The Till method of throw throwIng Inn tit red hot balls ball u s diet t d with certainty nt at thi tt di IK of r tIRI und In anti and Pt III ced a it 1 effective V against till lii it II re ye rent reo yee e nt Probably th the last mra lin mi lit II nd hot shot w was s I unit As 1111 at nt that tho of ot o by b the I fleet on Vt Ort 17 11 m The Km flits replied with willi It and considerable loss lima vas nn by b the British vii ves ve veI wN I fire w Ill s un ton important l n Ii h nf ot siege I time the of or tu fUos In which tin th tb puns being with a to I urn ll cY w I find dad pointed at i n elevation leUon rarely ex cx 10 degrees degree the round shot W waR H Hao ao so projected ai as merely tn in clear r the parapet r ft whence It I bounded Mont Rinne th Ihl ramparts rt d yi h i of 01 th rune run and atul mining causing AlI a went great 1118 ni of nf tn to the def nd lr ri first in ho t th of fit f hOlM hit nn titI l nt d with u lIh ith It nt ot th Ihl ity 11 R of or Arth In JOYS 1019 It II woes wie WI n in tn Hal liU i int nt at the tho tb military school of It and generally adopted after ho aleke of oC In 1731 which it real 1 was by title this Ihl methol The rhe of Qt by the th lbs In 1763 17 II la memorable for tor th tho pm if I mess tt It III In mining A engineer L Kebre acted for tor th lb b band M be and sprang nf ot nm 11 tightly packed mines foil con containing a 1 higher than titan load hILl hILll li l en n previously used In 1791 the fortress of ot withstood a II long sise III thanks to Its Hs planned covered caya ayl Tim latter were wert first described hy by y the Italian en engineer n r In INt stud adopted by Vauban auban in iti lila hla first system but this thle defense deren t proved their nix The Tho covered way Nay ay meets the necessity necee of o being able to 10 assemble under uMer cover coer from the Ore fire the time In Intended Int tended t for tor a sortie und to afford actoN them bent when hen repulsed A n place piece for tor reforming WM and chocking bocking the OM progress It Itis IB is ft n space of at 10 In breadth ex cx extending tending all around the th work between time the edge of the Ute of ot the Ihl I dt ditch li mid the parapet P t which covers cotera It TUB TIlE BT IN IX U The Invention of or General Shrapnel still lUll rank aa as the greatest artillery die dis discovery covery of ot modem modern times Um While present at the tha aee Migi of ot Gibraltar In 1181 1782 Ll ut I Shrapnel realised that the time effect of or round shot and cue case or grape against troops roots in lU 11 hit thu fold field was trivial except at short abort range rang lie He therefore set 1 to work woric ork to tl increase the th range of or the more projectile namely grope grape or ot case cu by b producing a collected fire nt at long bug distances and end Invented a till tilled ed e 4 with Uh carbine I balls ball end and containing n a 1 small quantity of ot gunpowder only out suf sufficient ur to open It I t at a short distance to Ita its execution by br which macan the th re would be equally severe HIt at It all distances Shrapnel was Will tint first fired rell at the bom bombardment 0 of ot Fort Amsterdam Surinam In April 1801 and hat hail so 10 excellent an effect teet a all Is to tn cause caUM the be garrison IR to cur sur surrender render after aCtor receiving the Ihl second shell The enemy was waa aa ao so astonished at lit the tho weapon IOn a as not nut to lO h he Ie able to account for tor how hOI he h apparently apparent y suffered from fron tro musketry at ao so 0 great a distance H II as yards yaMs The rite action of Shrapnel un ties 1 unknown outside England EnI until 1 mt M The Th peninsula sieges siege Ile form torm a distinctly 11 group und and deserve special spatial notice nolle on an of the numerous Instances of tot assault and solad which the they present Assault of ur the breach anti and lUll v were re almost unknown In itt the earlier sl sieges gei Vauban hinl mild made the at attack attack attack i tack of fortresses a game nf ot these hl tn so o to hI sp ak I NOT OT I Vr M his hla hi Idea Me that the so n of ot a justi Justl justified fied capitulation In advance was wag luly This rind other rales Were Mere defied by the and French Trench In the thi th where hert owing 0 to I the tb ond lion In j n whIch th the f ix I ere er rt by b per I manint lI f could not bis be fIX ix t ti III Sully I lIt ad Nevet Nevett 11 t el aa partly on Ot ac of or the differ dUTer ant ent resources IttOlI of 01 the b and part pirl h M I Ii h by b reason of ot tho the vigorous defense made by the French the sieges sl equaled those of the preceding century In fiver aver average age duration The French l noh proved that If it a H breach Is well nell entrenched and pro Idd with lIb obstacles no conceivable superiority of ot courage can counterbalance ance Oi emmett advantages advantage to quote Sir SirO 0 O Clarke Of Ot 12 J assaults assault 5 were wre eu cHrul and of or II 1 attempts to 6 C were crowned with victory Of ot the latter the themon most mon brilliant examples lu were ere the castle uti and St Vincents bastion where b the of ot British troops set sit all sli calculatIons at defiance Sebastopol waa the triumph of ot the soldiers rI fortification as 1111 to that nf rj the theorist t On the south side to begin with there chrt were wre practically no permanent defenses defense save ave u walla aU barricades and u a few batteries I All these theae however were developed Into a vast Iut system of earthworks earthwork HOLDS OUT M 40 DAYS DAn The siege little lasted all til days day a and at Its Ita cloie the Russians opposed oll OMd guns In the tit fIrst line to t I Gift SOO of ot the allIes The defenders defender usurped d the Ihl recognized recognised prerogatIve of ot the besiegers ns nl regards recardo trench work even v n taking up ul new lIew ground roun snot and commencing suh sn an Im ion portent work aa u i the six aix Ix months after the siege had begun Only Ably one of ot the tie works In the lie main un namely the th Malakoff a tort ort of or modi cyst Iv ever taken Iken Hox However Howver the length of ot resIstance rell tai Ia a also alao due dUI to te the fact that the ie or of or the all allIed unity did dM not mif Ice floe for tor IW Ita Investment antI and therefore the tho could Introduce at their pleas ure up of o men Inen ions and materials material I |