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Show Blnce the outbreak of the European Euro-pean War it has lccn estimated that not less than 200.000 babies have been born within a half day's walk of some of the European battlefields. bat-tlefields. Even' child born has been an added item in the sum tot ll fit Buffering because of the great conflb t. Americans have heard most of the Buffering in Belgium and Northern France because It Is there the newspaper news-paper men have penetrated tho farthest and have pictured the details de-tails with the greatest exactness. In Belgium alone it has Ween estimated esti-mated that 50,000 babies nave been born since tho opening of the European War, In East Prussia, Russian Poland, Galiela and along the Servian frontier fron-tier the people have lived like animals ani-mals elm a the outbreak of hostilities. hostili-ties. "Winter has fouud them hungry hun-gry and cold and without shelter. While the men have been able to eblft for themselves and while the women too, have had strength to fall back on, it has not been so with the children, who have no resourcefulness, resource-fulness, who have always depended on their elders to care for them. 'Hie newborn babies have died in droves. There was too much effort ef-fort to keep them alive and they wero bettor off dead. Bit there were thousand! of mot Hers who would not desert their little ones In time of need. Correspondents have found mothers with newborn children seeking shelter from the biting cold hovering in stmwstaeks i"5 4j 4. end lighting fur shelter with other women refugees, Great areas have been turned into beggar districts because the factories fac-tories where the men worked have been blown up or shut down and because the workers themselves have been drafted for the army. American and Entrllsh women fcavo taken up the fad of adopting Belgian babies. It is a most xhu-mane xhu-mane fad and helps to relieve the situation, but it falls to reach the hundreds of thousands of starving children who are not to blame for the war and who cannot comprehend compre-hend it at all. But the war lords will not consider con-sider the children. As lorn; as there Is food for the soldiers the war will go on. L The mllllnry experts are saying now that p. decisive result in the European War can be reached only when one or more of the combatants combat-ants becomes totally exhausted. If by that It Is meant that a rich, populous and elf sustaining country coun-try like France. Germany or Rus-Bla Rus-Bla a country possessing in soil, mines and Industries all the wealth and materials both for carrying on war and maintaining a civil population popu-lation mu.-t bo reduced to absolute helplessness, then, nub d, the x-( x-( ports have laid down the premises V for H Inn- war. ) Perhaps in all tho history of w Warfare there has been but ono cx- H w M 1 1 ample of a country or a people deprived of tho power of armed resistance re-sistance through utter exhaustion being stripped to the last tight-lng tight-lng man and starved dov. n to the last ration. That example was furnished fur-nished by the South In the great war of secession, and. although tho South was outnumbered from the $ S si n t and with resources so inferior to those of the North as to almost i forbid comparison, that war lasted four years and forced tho victors to fl 'Y bring into tho field more than two million men. A glance at the conditions sur-rounding sur-rounding the great struggle of the '60s conditions which proved determining de-termining factors in its result 'iW may aid In estimating the value of f the prophecies now made by the European experts. v When the American "lvll War ! broke out the free States of the j North had a population roundly of twenty millions as against twelve millions in the seceding SI ties. In wealth the disparity was us erent. In I860 the real and personal property in the North was valued at ill 000,000 while that in the South was barely nmre than 000, 000. 000, almost one-hall of which was slave property The . North was rich In manufacturing Industries, The South had almost none. Its wealth Mas wholly agricultural, ag-ricultural, and even in agriculture It produced but a fraction of the foodstuffs produced In the North. vj Tho eleven States that comprised the Confederacy had produced In 1S60 but one-r ightleth of tho dairy products of the whole country; one quarter of the wheat; one-fifth of the oats and one-tenth of the hay. '' The South led only in sugar cane I cotton and tobacco. The total Bl value of Ita manufactured products the year before the war was Uss North. OM ENVEIXPFS 1 OK OlFKTAIi CORIUOSPOXDI'NTK. But nothing better illustrates the disparity between the combatants than their respective ability to finance fi-nance the struggle. When Port Sumter was fired on there was believed be-lieved to bo about $10,000,000 in specie in the Confederacy. Thin disappeared abroad or was hoarded In tho first year of tho war, and with the exception of one loan of 116,000.000 negotiated in France the South fought the war without rash, lis cotton on which It had counted to bring in gold was sealed up within with-in its own borders by the blockade, block-ade, and before the flrt year of the. war Tas over the Confederacy was print in.,- money. By 1864 th. e. wasn't even paper left to pint it on. In that year tho official correspondence, cor-respondence, of the government at Richmond was written on old envelopes. en-velopes. In the North a series of financial measures had produced a flood of revenue that never ebbed all through tho struggle. Beginning with the Morrill Tariff Law, which '''' .,-:lvi:'v ?& - Jy.' fu'Sii-' It awj! if Bmrrrn-r-'u'tKm' ei" i i isssssssssssssei ssssl ' 'J"" pushed customs duties higher than they had ever been raised before, Congress proceeded with a new internal in-ternal revenue act, an excise law, stamp duties, an Income tax, the legal tender act and successive bond issues that not only furnished ample means to support the armies In the Held, but to make rich an uriny of contractors besides. Against the South's 51.",000.000 loon the North sold in the four years of war $2,000,000,000 In bonds, issued $450,000,000 in greenbacks green-backs and raised $607, 000. 000 in taxes. Tt expended $3, r.00. 000,000 in i li prosecution of the war, paying out $$00. ooo.onn in cash and passing pass-ing over to posterity In addition tho lidy det of $2,400,000,000. Tho Confederate debt at the closo of the war and it hasn't decreased any since was $1,500,000, 00.0, In fighting men (and boys for the South was enlisting mere la dp in Ct) the North had an advantage of numbers 2 'i to 1. The South"s military strength In 1SC1 was 1-005,000, 1-005,000, of whom 900,000 were enrolled en-rolled in its armies. When the end came after four years fewer AT TOP Belgian refu-gees refu-gees landing in ling-land. ling-land. Below An English woman adopting a Belgian child. than 200,000 Confederates surrendered surren-dered to Northern armies of 980.000. Lee's army was starving when it surrendered, and Grunt s first act was to L'tsug rations to It. FfiOi i; BEIjLB for $;ioo A BARREL. In 16 1 Hour sold for $300 a barrel bar-rel In Richmond and a pair of shoes COt $130. The women of tho Confederacy Con-federacy wore wearing homespun dresses with gourd seeds for buttons. but-tons. In the whole South there was no salt, no niter and no saltpeter. The only medicines and surgical supplies tho Confederacy had were smuggled in from the North. Horses were so scarce that when Grant allowed al-lowed Lee's men to keep their mounts "to do the plowing" tho act was hailed all over the South as the first step toward reconstruction reconstruc-tion There was not enough iron to keep the gun foundries going and toward the last the South was scraped for old rail? and metal Junk. As early aa Same Tate, president of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, wrote to officials of-ficials at Richmond that there was not then sixty days' full supply of provisions In the South, and that tho end of the supply of powder, lead and perplisslon caps wa.9 In slight. Even tln n these munitions could only be obtained through ( 'uba. In 1S62 tho Confederate commissary commis-sary general reported that (here w;s not enough wheat In Virginia to feed lope's army, yet tho State had a civil population besides of 1 500,000. Lee's desperate drive in-to in-to Pennsylvania in the summer of '".3 was quite SJf much an act of necessity to subsist his army on a country not yet foraged bare as it was to gain any hope for military advantage. Ringed round with steel, its ports closed, its fields seared with fire, its i 1 .JBlMSjha rf;Jseals)sTfciij Neglect Has Killed jl Thousands Upon I Thousands of I Helpless Ones 'iM Since the First I Clash of Arms on I the Belgian Frontier in August m Industries paralyzed, its manhood and youth fighting in rags; without with-out food, clothing1 or medicines; withdUt money or credit, fighting on its own soil against an enemy who could send three men to take the place of every one that fell. the South struggled four years before it surrendered to exhaustion. Of course war today is enormously enormous-ly more expensive than it was fifty years ago. A single shot from a 42 -centimeter gun must be equivalent equiva-lent to a long cannonade In the Civil War. A single modern droad-naught droad-naught costs as much as a whole fleet of frigates. The war appliances of modern science are tremendously tremendous-ly more expensive, as well as destructive, de-structive, than the appliances of the middle of the la.t century. Yet given the same devotion to the cause that the South had, bow long a lime could cither ride of the belligerents, with the enormous resources re-sources of a highly organize, i European Euro-pean power, continue the strugglo" n Indian Society. The first Oklahoma Indians to organize or-ganize a fraternal secret society modeled along modem lines, but lilted to Indian conditions are the Cheyennes, having within the last feW months perfected the Order of tho Wigwam The new order, if the statements of members can bp relied re-lied on b founded wholly along fraternal fra-ternal lines. As yet no insurant e feature has heen incorporated, but the lessening of poverty, earing for the sick, warning members of approaching ap-proaching danger, protection of the young are its principal aims. True it Is they hive aimed high and If only a partial approach is made toward to-ward their idea I standards, they will have greatly aided In their own advancement. Only Cheyennes, up to the present time, are admitted members, hut the feeling Is prevalent that if suc-oe8a suc-oe8a crowns their efforts that the order or-der will spread and Include other India ns. Tho first executive council of this new order is composed of the following; fol-lowing; Pralrlc Bird, Howling Water, nid Crow. Soft Belly. Cloud Chief, Three Ringers. Chief Roman and Wild Mule Form and ceremony have long characterized the Cheyennes The history of their tribe for nearly 200 H years is filled with their tribal rites. Phe sun dance, the fire dance and isbbH the peyote rite, all three elaborate IEsi and .crcmonial have left a deeper HH imprint on the Cheyennes than up- H on any Other trine in Oklahoma. It iBnl is but a logical outcome that a so- I ' lal and fraternal order would re- eive their approval and would grow J and prosper. J For the past twenty years the younger members of the tribe have sHki taken up the peyote rite after the flH government plated a ban on the iisBuB' sun dance and the fire dance. With !K In the past few years the peyov? Gl rite has grown In disfavor, so much so that re '-ntly a Fottawatomie In- jB dlan was held under $1,000 bond H appearance In Federal Court In bbbhG Wls onsln for introducing the rite IESl among the Indians on tho Menom- inee Reservation, the government flHj scemingl having prohibited Its use. The peyote rite is a ceremonial, re-llglous re-llglous In character, in which the participants partake freely of the peyote '"button." The "button" grows on tho top of a form of cac- tus and forms after the flowering IHt of the plant. It Is often confused mtt. with meguey. While slightly Inlox- K i atin-; ibx-s not produce the fiery wBE i Itei r produced by mescel, the juice HR of the maguey plant Too often the ssnJ maguey is substituted for the pe- mlfF vote and as a result the ceremony WS'. becomes dangerous. W&k probably the new society perpet- fE uates many of the ancient forms and ceremonies of the Cheyennes. Wftt An effort haB been made to per- Hjf t petuate the well-known secret so- flgh oietj of the Cherokees the Kee- iRSS to-vvah, or Night Hawks and or- ganize this old order along social mKJ lines, but the plan has met with W ' little encouragement. Wmt, A Permian Artist. sB' A young Peruvian artist, Gonzales jV3 Gamarra, has won notable success K. as a pen and ink sketcher. His Jffi- work Is not only In demand In this Hl republic, but through the neighbor- H lng countries Senor Gamara's illus- Iffi?-' t rations are attracting wide notice. H Ho also has shown himself clever vSL as a cartoonist ShH Jf( |
