| OCR Text |
Show By an Automobile Expert. If there Is anytl.mj not clear to fou, aa!t the uatomolille ed:tor nbout It. An answer will bo published ou the I'Ouiplnllou of tho ur;lole p(rlaiu:i:g to faob Boctio-.i uiutor d!acua.-lon. -'Hf t : I "if -7 a li j .o !: !i A -0 W T j., Cr.h !il r- j ... :.iaUi I , - i 1 :' h ti if -Viu F.t 1 l''-' I'.'l -' r j. I LESSON NO. 10. I The CuU-h. j Oi !'.i-ilt 'i;i-h ;:() fni'ir :n-ht 1"" to invo. 99 o:npar'.! to ti- j -' am virt i - llmt it . aniMt .. n;'r! I i tv . a. ; t ii r run a ,1 U a - : ri I o i . ,i in n,'i in-, t.i-.i t mc - I 1 1 r! I r rra:iki-l. : ii oi tin-, i.v-t. th" .-a' .n:ii..t ! o ik t . . t - j . . i wi Ii.ifiU' lv -irr;-l I Mot ;.ir. ti..!!!!-, hmi u- n M"i-; t'l-'rrtorr h-- f irm-hr ) t y v. u ii l!:r Cii.iip ran ii on ri f'-t i--i or r(.n-iM'-V-i to tho r-Tir at ta wiil of t in fi; "ra'or. Tjo ..r,-e (:.-. 1 fr.r t !t i pirj'i r i- ca : I i i hf c!i;t-'h. Th.'-.- arc 'har-ilv lv. o rraiirn " hi t )i whi'h !rt' Hliko. i nt tho-"- ino-t u-t i ri--lit l-o in'o tiirtt' t; nnn'r.y, tlio rone, tno an-i thi trirt-p-j !..;.-. I i-rtani rar ha'.i ; ' i . 1 !-::!.;; jmi'Ii a tm external ex-ternal coDtrattiii anl in'-rrnal i..au'l-intr. i..au'l-intr. J.tf it vp? v. hat t Y.o rln -h m .t-rninpli-h. It u,;j-t in-laritiv ii;-na-iK' t th'1 er.-pir.' iron; tiio r-iir of t!:--ar at t .o. will ol tlio opt rat or, an-i riftiT ''.i.-'Tinnt'ctin, it inu-t ii t i:: ! to any p xtnt, hci.ni'c it it il ;, n will i'C T"i'ult to .hat.'o ar? v.ith-r-Tit tho o li of Uifin oiu.ijn or ' ' c la ?lnn ' '; it 1 1 ; 1 5 1 ronnft tho on- j Citr? ana drive vhols, but ths nnii-t be r-roiht from a zero fp,c-; through in-f in-f hiiT ely small poe'ls to the rt-ijuirt-cj 'ero it not for tb" la-t roqui rrnicnt. tho dt-iir-inc" of a clutch wmlj bo a 5in:'lt. niatt.-r, as thon j-uin- implf positive devioe, t-uch a- a set of '!opsJ' or "gears'' coubi lip urd. lnit this rcquireniont ineans that a deviro which will permit a certaiu amount of clipping, vrrii.-h slipping can bo controlled con-trolled by the operator, mu,t bo used; or, in other words, tome holding force, the holding power of which can be varied. The "force of friction M is snr-h a force. You all know what friction hut few know that the force of the friction between two surfaces depends on two things: The material of which the fur-facrM fur-facrM are made, and the pressure which holds the surfaces against ouo another. As there are many ways in which pressure pres-sure can be varied, the problem of clutch design resolves into having two surfaces pressed together, with a menus for varying the pressure, and to having the material such that tho ho!din,L' power between the two Eurfaces will tte great for a small pressure. 3 laving decided to use a f rictiou clutch, let's proceed to design one. What materials shall we use for the friction surface. Leather against steel has a hifih friction, so let us use that. What shape shall the surfaces have? We find that when one cone is pressed into another, there is a sort of ''inclined plane" action, ac-tion, so that a slight pressure when inserting in-serting one into the other, will result in a considerable pressure against their sides, so let us use sections of a cone for the engaging surfaces. What shall we use to exert the pies-sure pies-sure between the surfaces ? We must he able to vary this pressure, and we tind that a spring is ideal for this pur-pone. pur-pone. Let us make a drawing of our device ns decided upon so far, as figure 1. Here the inside of the flywheel is turned or cut out so as to have the shape of the inside of a cone, while B is a leather faced member which can be pressed into it by the spring, C. As the flywheel is attached to the engine, the clutch B must be connected to ths rear of the car. Let us do this by riveting tho casing or D fig. 2, to the clutch and have the other end fastened fast-ened to a gear in the transmission, or to the propeller shaft as desired. As tho clutch must be . pulled out, an arrangement ar-rangement to allow for this must be used in the connection, so let ns have a square hole in the end and insert a square ended shaft in this holo, as shown at l' How shall we pull the clutch out of engagement? To accomplish this let us put a collar on the casing and then arrange ar-range a lever, operated by a foot pedal so as to press against this, and thus , ' ''v I iVh 1 .1 'k au'-tin-t the t-p--- "J If rMi-. If n tin- collar, N' d II tlir iri, H "I" (;,, foot l'r:oti-c ha !:(,., n that on.' th'T a :'.! t: : i i i" .-''v;i ry, A clnl h, a .-::'..!!. will ha. a t- i d' n-v to injii.i-i injii.i-i har-li i ii.a-';,. nt. To o rrrnri.i' thi ii"-; t.rr iii :' ! Mi.aH pi. d rur!: un i. r Ito ijor, uj-,,1 Ja'cr vi nil M r:t.. thi: .-a littlo raii but yi.:-iii': l.i:..;. ,.n ti.e l.n'h-r. Th-'e ' m r; ' ' will th. riu'h a .' v' :y or - a;-; aw np. l in y arc 'n 1 i i . .:. L o a prii:' jn-c:t. v. h:l- M i- oni- (,i .-ori;. A- a mlo. ihr-.o :niT'H have ro ad jn T m nt , but in o::ic c;--s an rran l'i inci t i :;.a l'' i to n.ijiist the tensiuo of the in"Tt -priiiL. As ihc clutch i- ennroctct. to or,e of j the gt .im (.f : ;fV trnn-Mns-,,!), an ar- rar-j' :i;n; n.r.-t b.- ii::'..,' to t", H,. c.ii'ch f ro-n -pi'inin-j rf T.-r it i thrown on'. ? t h:i the g.-ar :. n bo .-hit"- 1 c.ithont i-la-hir.:. A 'clcKdi br;i'h'" i "e-l f,r tin purpove. TI:i-o clu'.-h bra-.r- a it .-i:npie little devj. c, nn I a .- d : ff cp nt on all makes ni ra r. They gen' rally cori-t of a J iec r uf ri-ct al l a i'C d with b'a! hrr or w: red a-beto, a-beto, I lai'ed 5o t'naf v. hon the ch;:(-h i" pull.'d nut some part will ruh prpiist t he leather. A sjirin:; is ppiicri'l y placed ;t'aiiist ti.e met:'! so ns to make tho braking prndnal. K, J'i. 3, show a clutch brake. Tho clutch devoloped bis onlv one pring. whi-'h spring if rather larue and placed in the center. Many makers use from three to six small springs placed midway between the circumference and . center of the clutch. When this is the I case, a ' ' fpider, ' ' which can revolve with the clutch, is placed between the 1 flywheel and the ciutch and the spring holts are fastened to it. In Fig. 3 a clutch, with a number of springs, is shown. The spider is lettered 0. When the clutch has a number of springs as shown here, grent care must be taken to have the tension of all of the springs equal. Tf one spring is stiffer or sot up tighter than the others, then the side of the clutch it is on will have a tendency to engage before be-fore the oiher "dde, the result being a sort of ' ' chatterinc ' ' or jerky start." The lever which is operated hv the pedal and which pulls the clutch out of engagement is forked at the one end, the forks pressing on a yoke, lettered R in Tig. '. Between tins yoke and the coliar a bronze thrust bearing is placed, lettered 8. .Sometimes a roller thrust bearing ts used, but they are liable to be noisy. It is extremelv difficult to knep oU or grease on this thrust bearing, and should there be any pressure against it while the clutch is revolving, as is the case when driving, it would soon wear out. Them will be no pressure on this bearing unless the driver constantlv rests his foot, against the pedal. When a driver does not feel secure without his foot on the pedal while driving, he shonld rest it on it in such a way as ! to pull it out, rather than to press it 1 in, so as to have as little pressure ou I the thrust bearing as possible. I |
