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Show Ierican INFLUENCE IN CUBA W: By ATHERTON BEOWNELL. M'JriTY Sept. 26,-The SBglon that has been raised Swnrovolutfon, not only Bjn tfie United Slates, i become American ter-iB'Vf" ter-iB'Vf" TIic suspicion is rSr enn interests may be K 5a A"1" "us bo welcomed by the nS clemont that fneo of tariff favors Tibfl political parties SMeotion that will mtor-K mtor-K holding or government a last resort to koop Hs from having them. thoroughly through Eftaba, my strongest im-IHihrars im-IHihrars been regarding tho Keitted irom a commercial Bwint of view in setting .Kiydent government m in iErerr doors, and retaining lfc islands, 7000 miles from Koit line, with a thousand IKrovrn. Yet I havo been Sfcpctt for that policy ivss so unselfish, and fc eiimplc, has influenced Kiople who have either Kted their capital in ,'jEes'cc which, so tar as I K to learn, has been such jEor meddling with Cuban JKr two years of instruc-jR instruc-jR 01 government, our flag Rdown from the public B' Cuba and tho single-Her single-Her wa3 unfurled in its Kra emblem was held in jHrtb3n at its raising. It Ktdqoe among nations, and Ktho fullest tho unselfish-'KjIi'cj unselfish-'KjIi'cj toward our weaker iBKereaftcr. for a time, wo Bper miardiau 's interest in Bl tns earlier reports of Kht was being made in .Htt were so reassuring Hn'ei as a surprise and as Buiy that in tho house of jj contented nud prospcr-maiz&i prospcr-maiz&i there is dissension Bucnt this revelation will Hn thai had gained ground Blfct lierc,:it lust, was a Ka.peoplo capable of exor-HosetioDS exor-HosetioDS of sclf-govcru-wtobc seen. It is certain Eu rula the Cubans were Httplc, and that they were Hk straight road to pros-Bfe pros-Bfe tho minor scandals that Pfrou time to lime, our ninistration of Cuba will H'wmple of good govern- very fact has, in a Bpica the native admiuis- has followed. It is Hp, however, that Presi-Vl.ud Presi-Vl.ud his first Cabinet SKsl effort to follow in tho ftl for them, and it is Htu that divorgenl put lis vltr which led to the pres- Hnts nroblems in goveru-p goveru-p b this country. In the With their heterogeneous K various mixtures of wjons anl traditions, tho paph"cated tb u far greater Bia Cuba the problem has AY forth American govoru-Kiple govoru-Kiple nine-tenths of whom fccticau by instinct and pBaiii. The wealthier and i(d among tho Cubans ft Americanized to a large "fihavc traveled much 111 t; eir male children have p here and our Theoretical wermnont has appealed to Htog those arc President .rcsulcnco of eighteen Milled Stales made hi'ii Rjf system it was his WV'to porpetuate in Cubsi Vn Enlid foundation. If mW-tpo. it is not because ffirhis part, but because Kl1 m ivcro too puwor-EW.1- Palma, himself, honest, but, prncti-aed, prncti-aed, ho was obliged to Mat buck the hordes of V? politicians whose solo Poffiee is that it is a pri- wff ,13 not to sav that Kd honest men 'ia his f l"eir numbers can bo uo fingers of one hand, UtLTilTei !mL tUo omli- mrl.10 o11i"k of public t!iSn SOl,Bhl. One of Bd ablest men in Cuba. lOiaz, held tho office of Secretary of Public Works in tho first Cabinet Under him Havana was bcautilicd: tho projected improvements commenced during the American occupation occu-pation in public ways wcro continued-roads continued-roads were built; sanitation was improved, im-proved, and the public received the benefit or every dollar annropriated for the purpose. Around this offico stormed and raged an army of contract-seekers, contract-seekers, demanding their share of what .hey considered public loot. Since the resignation of Senor Diaz millions havo . I tuajly yielding their tributo of citruB truits and sugar. Hero may be found colonists irom all parts of the United blates and Canada. Usually a group takes up a tract of land, divides it in ton-aero holdings, then work it all together to-gether under tho direct guidance of one of their number. In this way tho so-called Akron colony baa been established, estab-lished, composed of 200 Ohio people, chiefly from Akron and urged thereto by Perry 13. Tanner of that city, tho ,f Father of the Colony-." In this com- Havana Water Front Bcf ore American Improvement. been appropriated for tho continuance of this work, which, however, remains for tho present at a standstill. In this Cuban revolution it is to be remarked that, despite rumors to tho contrary, American capitalistic interests inter-ests which amount to some $150,000,000 have carefully abstained from mixing in the politics of the island. These latter havo followed very rigidly the policy of our Stale department in Cuba and largely refrained from any entanglements. entangle-ments. These capitalistic interests have given support to the government, but not so aggressively as to bring down upon them the dislike of the insurgent element, in case it should bo successful, success-ful, and have likewise forebornc to give aid and encouragement to the insur-gonts. insur-gonts. Their attitude, save that of a few individual cases, has boon one of neutrality in the island. The reciprocity treaty has been tho commercial salvation ot Cuba. It has given to her our protected markets for her chief exports, sugar and tobacco, to-bacco, which is 87 per cent of the total of the islands, and in return Cuba spends fully one-half of her annual biding power", amounting to $100,000,-000, $100,000,-000, in the United States. Before tho war about the only large American, interests in-terests wore at the extreme easternly end of the island, in sugar estates and mines. Now, after the lapse of eight years, wo own fully one-third of the munitv aro Dr. Samuel H. Sturgeon of Akron, Charles M. Grev of Worcostr and president of the lirst National bank there, Daniel L. Ilolwick of Canton, Can-ton, Dr. H. C. Wcaklj-, an eminent divine di-vine of Avondale, just out of Cincinnati, Cincin-nati, and State Senator Goorge W. Sei-ber. Sei-ber. Their combined holdings are 2000 ncres. Here, also is located tho Piskc Fruit 1 company of New York, purcl' a commercial com-mercial enterprise, originally conceived by ex-Mayor Josiah Quincy of Boston, but aftorward taken up by' Now York capitalists, which, with its 500 acres of groves containing 50,000 trees, is said to bo tho largest fruit ranch in the world Philadelphia likewise finds its representative in tho coniinunitv interests inter-ests represented by .T. E. Limeburner, whoso sole duty it is to caro for tho 1000 acres of sugar cano thov aro cultivating. cul-tivating. Dr. 13. P. Miller of New York and a few intimate friends are cultivating cultivat-ing for their own use 1000 acres of cane and sixty acres of grove, while Boston finds its representation in tho 250 acres of grovo of Mr. Addison M. Thayer of the Boston stock exchange, and" the plantation of Charles K. ' li. N. Bernard, formerly French coach at Harvard. Three years ape- Dr. H. X Rolston of Toronto, Ont., also began the .cultivation of fruit, and since that time the Canadian colony has grown on tho principle of the Akron colony f : : - The American Town of Ccballo3. island; $150,000,000 of American capital cap-ital has been invested in not only tho products of the soil, but iu telegraph and telephone svfetenia, railroads, Hcc-trie Hcc-trie roads, hotels, banks, municipal roads and even armv vouchers. AS hole towns have been built by us and colonies col-onies established where scarcely a word of Spanish is spoken. For instance, only a few miles from tho typically Spanish to'wn of Ciego do Avila, along the lino of AS'eylcr's historif trocha, where only a few vears nfjo was devastation devas-tation and famine, there has now sprung up the neat, clean little American Amer-ican town yf Ceballos, named from its owner, a wealth v Amorican banker. Hero, only about three years after its birth, is tho scene, perhaps, , ot the creates activity in tho nrts of industry of any point in the island. . . Here aro a bank, a hotel, an administration adminis-tration building, a town hall, a- ceiioral store, which docs a business of 10U.oU0 a yfur, but more than nil here is Amer-ieanism Amer-ieanism 011 all sides, even to architecture architec-ture Tliore is HtLlo to be said about Oballns itself, for (hat is a thing ot tho future. It is embryo now, and its owners are neither soljing lots nor ask-inc ask-inc for residents. It is in tho industry around Ceballos that is the ink-resting thing at thn moment and that has caused a townsito to bo laid out lor future development when the surroiind-ing surroiind-ing interests shall demand it and make it profitable. For the .moment it is morolv tho nucleus, and its institutions exist solely for the accommodation ui those who uro engaged 111 the contiguous contigu-ous fruit ami cane interests. Its hotel --which, by the wav. is as much ut tho Now York Hotel Plaza as could bo transported houses the many Anion-can Anion-can owners who visit thoir properties yearly ami combine business with pleasure: pleas-ure: "Us bank and its. storo for tho same purpose; its electric light and re-frigcraling re-frigcraling plant to make lilo worth livin" while making a dollar 111 land viold 102 cents in money. As these so-callml so-callml colonists retain their, homes in tho Status, it is not surprising, therefore, there-fore, that, the number of actual .American .Amer-ican residences in the town is but twenty-one, thouih tho Cuban village which is a part of it is a thriving and considerable community. , , Surroundiim Hie town of Ceballos 10,000 acres of land havo been cleared. u()U of which are now in process ot snltivation and 1000 of which are ac- lo 150 holders of fruit land, with a. total of 1500 acres. Not many miles from Ceballos is tho site of tho "prospective town of Silveini, which is expected to grow up about, tho establishment of ono of tho largest sugar centrals iu tho world, a "real, mill capable of turning out 250,000 Dags of sugar yearly and costing in itself $1,000,000, tho machinery for which is now being made ami assembled iu Scotland. Scot-land. A great administration building stretches away an acreage of low roof and from it comes the combined sound of tho hammer or the ax, tho clang of the anvil, the stamping and t;ho neighing neigh-ing of tho horses. Off iu tho distance cau bo seen the lino of tho jungle, for all of the laud surrounding tho central station has been cleared of its undergrowth under-growth and burned for tilling. A thousand thous-and acres of cano wave in tho breeze and before this cau be printed more thousands of acres will have been, planted. In a (lay's ride on tho back of a lively little Cuban single-footing pony that bore inn there wa 011 all sides in tho 50,000-acro tract the sound of the ax, or, anon, in a clearing would be found the woodsman's camp, iw.li with tho hospitable invitation to breakfast break-fast at noon, for tho Cuban laborer breakfasts at noon and dines at night. The full srguificanco of this undertaking undertak-ing docs not appear until it is understood under-stood that so lar from tho mauana spirit supposed, to exist hero in Cuba, an army of 2000 men had. at the time of mv Visit, cleared between 4000 and 5000 "acres of land iu lens than ono month and had erected the building which is soon to bo the brick manufactory. manu-factory. Behind all of this is .American .Ameri-can energy and enterprise. Tho combined efforts of all these various vari-ous interests aro creating here along , the lino of tho trocha an American interest, center, and sentiment Lu thu J verv heart of Cuba and an industrial ! development that h .stimulating tho surrounding country and by example teaching the native Cubans, first, to work where tho employment is offered, and then, to those who( have the neces-sarv neces-sarv ambition to cultivato thoir own lamls. The number yf American colon-ion colon-ion which have been established in Cuba since the war and 1 use the word American in its broader souse including includ-ing settlers from both tho United Stales and Canada aggregate:! to twenty-nine, the whole eastern end being controlled industrially by Americans. A list of theso colonies is interesting and I havo arranged them according to provinces in which they aro found. Thcro is today scarcely a project in Cuba, from public works to privato roads, that has not been financed by American capital. In tho banks alono I in Cuba, controlled by capital from tho States, is invested nearly $5,000,000. J distributed among tho Banco Nacional dc Cuba, Boyal Bank of Canada, Bank of Nova Scotia, G-. Lawton Child & Co., j' Trust Company of Cuba and Zaldo & I Co. Carlos do Zaldo, ex-Minister of . Financo and Justice, is also tho prcsi-I prcsi-I dent of tho nowjy-orgauized Banco do la Havana, for winch Kuhu, Loch & Co. of New York and tho National Citv bank aro tho sponsors. One-fourth of its already paid-in capital of $2,500,-000 $2,500,-000 is American, the remaining throe-fourlhs throe-fourlhs being equally Cuban. British and French, but it is controller! entirely from New York. Further than that, American capital controls absolutely tho electric traction of the island, perhaps per-haps ouo-half of tho tobacco output, about one-quartor of the sugar industry, the tclephono and telegraph service, which, however, is under Government control; practically all of tho railroad systems cast of Saiila Clara, three-quarters of tho cattle industry, something more than $10,000,000 in real estato and .unimproved lands, with a total holding 'of over 4',000,000 acres; practically all of the mining, and most of the steam tonnage running to tho island. Various ventures absorb a great deal of tho activity of the island. Tho Cardenas City waterworks is owned' by an American Amer-ican corporation, and in tho retail and wholesale trade of Havana Americans aro very much iu evidence. Sir William Van Home, originally a native of Illinois, who was knighted by Queen Victoria for his splendid achievement in building the Cauadiau Pacific railroad, was one of tho first mon to perceive tho possibilities which would accruo from opening up the interior in-terior of Cuba by means of a railroad. Shortly aftor tho closo of the war work was begun, on what is now the Cuba Central railroad, which, running from Santa Clara to Santiago, and then effecting ef-fecting a combination with tho United Kailroad of Havana, enabled ono to make tho trir from Havana to Santiago in thirteen hours instead of tho many days it. had formerly taken by steamer from the chief northwestern to tho principal southeastern port of tho isl and. . Tho significance of what tho opening up of this rich part of the country coun-try meant to both Cubans and Americans Ameri-cans cannot bo overestimated. Not only has it afforded rapid and excellent transportation from ono end of tho island isl-and to tho other, but it has also enablod the industrial growth to expand. Previous Previ-ous to tho activity of Sir William Srau Horno in Cuba, tho transportation facilities fa-cilities wore of tho most meager description, de-scription, and wcro confined to British, Cuban and Spanish companies in tho western end of the island. Santiago, in the cast, was reached by steamer, cither from the United States or other island points, whilo tho interior was in touch with tho ports on tho north and south coasts only by poor wagon roads. It is owing to tho Cuban company of which Sir William ia president, and its organization organ-ization of tho Cuba Railroad company, that through traffic has been established estab-lished by his connection from Santa Clara to Santiago, and his combination with tho existing roads, that freight and passengers may now traverso tho ontiro line, with spur lines running out in all directions. Ono of tho latest important slops commercially, tho execution exe-cution of which is now checked by tho ' revolution, is the continuance of this American railroad from Santa Clara to Havana over its own lines. Of more importance im-portance than tho $13,000,000 which the Cuba company has invested is tho influence influ-ence of this trunk lino railroad in stimulating industry and commerce along it. This Cuba company alono owns about half a million acres of land. The Cuban clings to his idea of independence in-dependence feverishly and illogically. He resents any suggestion of limiting his freedom of action individually or politically, but his greed is such that no gladly seoks any alliance that will advance his material fortunes. Tt is for this reason that the investment of American capital has been welcomed, and, when to some minds it has appeared ap-peared a menace, the remedy has been characteristic. Instead of limiting or restricting by law tho amount of land that an American can hold, or tho activity of an American corporation, the Anglo-Cuban treaty was neglect- Havana Water Front After Completion of American Improvements, cd for the purposo of encouraging British Brit-ish investment in order to offset our commercial inllucnco, on tho ground that iu such an event the struggle between be-tween the two for a supremacy would enable Cuba to sit by and see alien influences kill each other while the natives na-tives gathered up the spoils of tho fray. ) Tho American influence in Cuba has been very great. Just as tho Cuban flag shows tho star and stripes, so do the Cuban constitution and codified laws show the effect of our proximity and our molding of the first patterns of government. Our immigration laws, for instance, arc embodied almost exactly ex-actly in tho Cuban statutes, for no apparent reason except that we had a hand in the framing of thoso laws, and in countless ways practice in law and in commerce all more American than Spanish. These, however, are superficial superfi-cial indications, for, beneath his brown skin the Cuban is a Latin. But, throughout tho island, among the common com-mon people and in the cities, outside the politicians, thcro is one underly- ing thought. That is, that tho Amer- ' icans once governed Cuba and gov- orncd it well. Along with this and al- IH lied to it is tho thought on the part lH of tho business men that without con- IH tinned protection from the tariff wall of the United States, Cuba can never industrially stand alono. On the part IH of thu smallor tradesmen and the peo- H pic is the belief that money will bo more plentiful under American rule, jH and these thoughts are. sufficient to off- IH set all other considerations. What- IH over tho internal struggles, 'whatever IH the forms of revolution, back of it IH is the deep conviction that sooner or later Cuba must bo American terri |