Show DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERA 1 i TVE DAIRYING AND EFFECTS This la an age of combinations No person questions the fnct that benefit results therefrom it is i a foundation principle in modern civilization Individuality Indi-viduality counts for much and yet that individual shines best whoso ability moves controls or directs large uum 1 ers of other men or large means One man alone without means or Influence is I not a factor to be reckoned with The unorganized nibble Is always scattered before disciplined authority though represented rep-resented by small numbers If combinations combi-nations are good then under ideal l conditions con-ditions it would be difficult to set n limit to their beneficial size they might extend to 1 the human family each of whom would be actuated by the am batlon to advance the interests not alono of himself but of nil his fellows fel-lows This is uoelahsm There are two things that qualify the benefit of combinations first the limited lim-ited capacity of mans ability in managing man-aging them with success and second nn clement of selfishness In man that element that consldrs only personal aggrandizement Combinations at present pres-ent are a benefit so long u competition competi-tion makes them use every endeavor to improve and cheapen the cot of their products and of marketing tho same as the incentive to capturing trade and increase the returns from their business busi-ness They become a evil and an clement of retrogression progress when they attain such a size or become be-come so comprehensive that the above Incentives no longer apply the profits being controlled merely by manipulating manipula-ting the price The farmers as a class are perhaps tlc most conservative In the country and the slowest to enter Into any combination com-bination even for their own direct benefit ben-efit I seems harder still to keep them together upon any proposition that la I entered into This perhaps may be accounted ac-counted for by the somewhat Isolated character of the farmers work by his lack of appreciation of his calling and the opposition It offers on the part of n 1 great majority and also to the great diversity of Interests which the occupation occu-pation of the farmer represents Among the few successful combinations among fArmers perhaps the creamery enterprise enter-prise has attained the largest measure of success Milk is 0 perishable article and for this reason Its manufacture Into butter and cheese cannot be far removed from the source of production In the second place the cost of the machinery ma-chinery and equipment necessary Is quite within the means of an agricultural agricul-tural community Then also the enterprise en-terprise Is I for mutual help and mutual advantae and thus strongly commends com-mends Itself to all interested parties In Its beginnings the creamery or cheese factors is a union of the farm era of any locality to manufacture some of their produce and thus relieve the farm homo of a certain amount of work At the same time the creamery cream-ery will improve the average quality give uniformity and lessen the cost of marketing the product With the multiplication mul-tiplication of factory enterprises a large number of them sometimes unite to still further lessen the cost of management man-agement and to give uniformity to the product of a large number of factories This latter point unlformitj Is of avery a-very great Importance In establishing an export trade In some countries notably Denmark this uniformity Is facture Thcsp were all dairy States and cowkeeping has always been a prominent phase of the farmers business busi-ness The factory did not could not create cowkeeping it could but enlarge en-large on the foundation laid and aid the farmers to realize the best returns from their dairy products Dairy farming n n source of income In-come Is a comparatively recent industry Indus-try Jn the State This was perhaps due to two reasons the first Tic demand for dairy products was for many years nn Individual one and each one made what was wanted for home use Next the range aiforded 1 lost excellent l 1 for beef slock These cattle for many years gave the farmer large returns for his labor and the means bestowed upon them The first effort In dairy cooperation In this State was In connection I con-nection with the production of cattle upon Iho range Those whoso stock were limited desired to get more from their cows than the calf raised each year and so the cows were milked The calf was aliened to take a portion of the milk only I yet enough to keep it thrifty and growing and the remainder was drawn and mado Into cheese or butter on the mountain ranch As 0 I rule tho cows of several farmers were 1 run together and placed in charge of some person who would herd them and take their pay in dairy product A certain propoVlion also went to the owner of the cow in addition to the calf There are yet many of these mountain dairies in the outlying districts dis-tricts of Utah and Idaho A few years ago I visited n typical dairy of this I kind in the mountains of Wayne county I coun-ty near Fish lake the head of n branch I 1 of the Colorado river iud 8000 feet above the Hen level We found here some very pretty and verdant valleys I flanked on either side by rolling lulls that also afforded much pasturage Upon driving around to the outlet of the lake we found beside the road on tho slope from the mountain side a low log house which on close Inspection proved to be the home and dairy of a I I = = = I a7v Charleston Creamery mountain ranch A family ot grownup I grown-up boys and girls looked after the cows and made the cheese Some sixty to seventy cows were milked and after the calves were fed about one pound of cheese per day was made from eacu cow cowHalf Half of the cheese went to thoso taking care of the cows the other half to the owners ot the cows Each cow would produce about 200 pounds ot cheese for the season The owner of the cow would thus get his calves cared for during tho summer without any expense S to 510 worth of cheese and n calf worth n much more at present prices 510 to S12 each Such 0 method of management doubled the returns from the cow In the season 0 very Important consideration to the small farmer In the first stage of cooperative dairying the cows were a part of tho dairy being kept looked after and milked by or under the management of the maker of the butter or cheese maer One of the largest of these enterprises now a matter of history vas located on the divide between Cache and Box Elder counties and known as the Brigham Brig-ham dairy For many years It was managed by Mr Willard Hansen for the united order and later for himself him-self As many n CO cows were kept here some seasons gathered from farms In various parts of the valleys and twentyfive milkers mostly young women were employed during the summer sum-mer s ason At one lime ihla plant I I J 1 1 r 4 ji A 4 > 5 k i I I J f I I f 1 J k S I 4 I I I j t Slatcrville Creamery I attained even among individual factories fac-tories by vigorous Governmental inspection in-spection coupled with Instruction In Canada both elements are united In n dcgreft with the added incentive of I producing what will ael 1st or what the buyers will pay mOl for Tho I market being an export one and fairly I i well fixed in the quality of Its demands the requirement of the buyers have pcrhapa be l one of the greatest incentIve In-centIve to uniformity of product In cenlvct I that country 1C our ds lry histories rightly Inform U the llrst cooperative dairy plant I WAN started about 181 In Herklmer county N Y A farmer Jessie Williams Wil-liams and hlH Momi were dairymen each making cheese on his own farm The father was thu best maker and re c iscd the highest prhe for his good and s the son suggested that he make up iho milk for all of them They would deliver their milk ach day an 1 I PAy him for his extra work Later the etlhbolS also look advantage of this uTL31gumc3it The system was so advantageous ad-vantageous that it rapidly spread over New York Stale and Into Canada I have visited the locality In Canada 1 where the first cheese factory was built In the early fifties In this name county coun-ty which Is not much larger than Caeho there are ncw forty factories and In the province of Ontario twelve t nfUttn hundred with an export production pro-duction of about 7000000 to 9000000 worth of cheese New York Is the banner dairy State of the Union in amount of dairy products pro-ducts all numbers its factories at fifteen hundred or moro Wisconsin 11 over two thousand factories many of which however are of small capacity ca-pacity The State output of dairy products pro-ducts reaches many millions of dollars Iowa Illinois and Minnesota are ulo large producers of dairy products num heriirg l their factories by the hundreds The growth of the fiiislnc In these IAtez haa been commensurate with they the-y vjMi oC the factory m thor of muiu i I I IiiIiI had a State reputation but the evolution evolu-tion of the dairy business closed It sew cral years ago The llluatrallon shows the appearance appear-ance of the building The lower part was used as a makingroom the upstairs up-stairs n 0 curingroom I Between ten and twelve years ago Iho Stat reached another stage In tho development of cooperative dairying At WellbVllle In Cache ocunly a facto fac-to was marled modeled after the Brigham dairy but milk was purchased form the farmers instead of the cows being kept at the dairy I was n small twostory building about 16x30 feet The curingroom was above and tho chcoBemaklngroorn below Tho equipment WUu one large Helfheatlng vat and u row of upright presses and hoops I represented Mr L Hansons start In the dairy business About this aume lime Mr M Raymond a creamery man ot experience who owing to mlBfor tune In Iowa and Nebraska traveled westward and on looking over the Held decided that tho dairy business should pay In Utah He showed hlu faith by putting UI a buttermaking plant In Ogden and started to gather cream from the farmers from which tomato to-mato the butter I was the Ural and only gathered cream factory In the State and for neveral years did C good business The milk was creamed by the deeps ttng or creamer method at tIm home of each of the farmers and the wagons of the creamery gathered the cream from each and took H I to the factory to be made into butter The method saved much labor and gave 0 uniform product but the losses In the Hklm milk were frequently quite son OUR The evolution of the dairy business busi-ness 11flu4 led these methods In the reur and gatheredcream factories if again revived will be with the centrifugal hand separator on the farm to skim the milk Between the dates mentioned there I was Uortcd another enterprise i L I f liT i I 7 V7 I I Brigham Daily a Largo Bauch Dairy in Sanpete county that waa the real I I beginning of the present creamery development de-velopment of the State A Mr Torgcn ten who owned considerable land on 1 the bottoms between Moroni and Fountain I Foun-tain Green spent some time In Denmark Den-mark on u mission and became acquainted I ac-quainted with the dairy development I and methods of dairy practice In that country Upon his return he built a factory nnd equipped It with modern machinery Including the first factory cream separator brought Into the State A little over a year ago I visited this factory For the time when built and the capacity desired the plant was well arranged and equipped The plans of tho builder In regard to the dairy business were somewhat visionary however and he found to his cost that he should not expect to at once create oldcountry conditions and results in a new country In other hands the business has been kept going go-ing and prosperous At the old factory the first separator has been replaced by a new one of modern make but the old I machine a standard De Laval I found at work for the home factory In a skimming station at Chester twelve to I fifteen miles off I seems yet to be doIng do-Ing good work at splitting mlllc The Illustration shows this the first separator sepa-rator factory ever built In the Slate I The wing on the righthand side Is n later addition to the factory In 1S30 there were but three factories In the State They have Increased as follows In 1891 there were six in 1SJJ2 eleven In 1S93 thirteen In 1804 sixteen six-teen In 1895 twentytwo in 189C twen tyfive In 1S97 thirtythree In 1898 fifty In 1S99 sixty Of the factories started two built by creamery promoters at an enormous price have been closed and the machinery machin-ery sold One other built In the same way was closed for some years but started up again the past summer Another An-other also built by promoters was burnt down but has been rebuilt There are at present sixty factories and skimming skim-ming stations In operation In this i I > L r 4t I n J I Meadow View Croajneryx tho Plrst Separator Creamery Built in the State State Practically all of these are situated situ-ated jri the more thickly populated districts dis-tricts and not far from the railroads From inquiries received I am pleased to note that the more distant settlements settle-ments are taking up the dairy and creamery proposition Within the past few years at places here the growth of the business would warrant such an outlay there have been several very fine factories built Probably the Charleston creamery managed by Mr J R Murdock affords af-fords a Illustration of the conservative conserva-tive development of the creamery business busi-ness that many localities might well follow Tho business was started about five years ago and milk was purchased from whoever would sell At first only a small building was put up and equipped The business was handled with care and Intelligence and It grew so rapidly In favor with the farmers that in two years the milk supply was beyond the capacity of Iho plant and a now building was planned and bulll al 0 cost of about JGOOO The illustration Illustra-tion shows the coat front of the creamery cream-ery I has 0 capacity of from 25000 to 30000 pounds of milk ppr day and is equipped for both buLLet and cheese making Only about 12000 to 15000 pounds of milk per day are handled The factory handling the largest amount of milk per day of any In the State is located at Slatervllle Weber county During the past season 900 to U50 pounds of butter were mado here every day for some months The Illustration Illus-tration shows the building a at first built n wing hag since been added on tho north I Is n fine brick building with large capacity machinery and equipped for both butter and cheese making It Is a cooperative plant built by the farmers of the t district The cost was 1000 Having traced ant the development of cooperation In the dairy business of the State It would be entirely proper to ask what has this done for tho farmers who have aided and been apart a-part of the building up of these enter rises 7 Tho question may he answered from three or four different standpoints First The effect upon the market for dairy products Second The effect upon the value of dairy cows Third Tho effect upon tho Income of the farm FourthThe effect upon the farming development of the State Six or seven years ago there was per hapo only about onetenth the butter or cheese made In the factorIes In thin State that there 1 during tho puat year nearly all of tho Utah dairy product pro-duct was farm or ranchmado in tho larger local markets at most seasons of the year ranch butter was a drug on the market and It was almost an Impossibility to sell It In any of tho surrounding States I was told by more than one person that the reputation of Utah butler outside of the Slate was such that the mention of thc source of supply was sufficient to cut the price In half as contrasted with the prices of the Eastern product The local supply sup-ply 1 of good butler wan so small thai Eastern butter was constantly whipped In HO that tho few creameries that were running had a precarious existence exist-ence The years have pasHed During 1839 tho reputation of Utah butter had HO Improved that It was gIven the preference pre-ference in all tho surrounding markolu that are available to us In Idaho Colorado California and Home oven I went to the Sandwich Islands The goods were quoted at the top of tho market Prices In tho home market arc fully 20 per cent higher than for some yearn pant and e the supply has scarcely kepi pace with the demand de-mand and that In spite of the fact that the factory output Ima Increased at leant twelvefold In the past l five years For ore years the dairy farmers have been buying not selling cows ox eept the unprofitable ones With n ready market fo the milk at a good price 0 good cow has becomq a valuable valua-ble aource of Income Both of thesn I points lins mndo the dairy cow worth j I I more money In yet another way have the cows become more valuable Many farmers have awakened to the fact that I there Is a 1 great difference In cows I They have thus commenced to weed out the oor ones and mile and raise calves only from the best There have been more Inqutrlen too for purebred dairy sires so that through thofn much more rapid Improvement might be made upon tho dairy stock Yet again the cows arc receiving more thought and attention from their owners The tnllkpall has been teaching some very valuable and pointed lessons on the effect ef-fect of neglect of the cow I has shown some that the cows answer tony to-ny Illlreatment to exposure to cold and wet to starvation rations or even to a stunted ration is a reduction In the supply of milk a moneyed loss to the owner The dally milk upply has demonstrated to that the many milking cow is profitable only when she receives re-ceives the best of care and is generously gen-erously fed at all oeosons of the year Cooperation in the dairy business has been u means of putting more money Into the farmers pocket and that at a less cost In time and labor than was possible wIthout such a sys lem There are scores of formers who for years sold butter at from 10 to 12 cents per pound after putting hours of work into a few pounds In creaming the milk making and marketing the hotter whereas they are now receiving 15 to 20 cents nor pound right a their own doors with only the trouble of milking the cows At the present prices of wheat and lucern as contrasted with dairy products pro-ducts the good dairy cow affords the very best market that the farmer can find She will I believe return 52 for every dollars worth of food Invested In her during the coming winter Railroad Rail-road magnates may shut the wheat out of the Calolnlu market but the progressive pro-gressive dairyman has a better market In his own barnyard limn California has afforded for these many years Would that more could sec and use itI The cheese and butter factories have have I also had quite an Influence In the farming farm-Ing development of the State Tho farm that will support one good cow I on one to one and a half acres of land I j Is worth more money for producing milk than for graingrowing and will I command 0 better price where proflta 1 blc milk production Is 0 possibility This Increase in the vuluc of the farms has added to the wealth of the farmer But a way In which perhaps he has been helped the most Is In the increased returns from the cows When there was 0 good market for milk close at hand every day In the year there was every Inducement for the farmer to feed care for and breed his cows sod so-d to Improve the milkproducing capacity I ca-pacity of his herd This inducement has been followed up so that the monthly creamery check has kept Increasing I In-creasing year by year The monthly check this a strong point In the dairy business that Is sometimes forgotten The most of the crops that the farmers raise can be sold al but one or two seasons of the yearand the funds come in only at such times Expenses however how-ever have to be met dally weekly monthly and thus credit has to be asked with all tho extra expense and worry that the system of credit entails en-tails The monthly cash Income which Iho dairy cow furnishes through the factory tory overcomes all these evils n benefit not alone to the farmer but to every business man In the community There was 0 timeis yet In a few places In the State when the farmer had to beg the merchant to lake his produce This the merchant condescended to do provided pro-vided the farmer would take his pay through the store In goods Under those circumstances the merchant wits u monopolist Now the farmer has tho money and tho merchants have to rustle rus-tle for tr < ca better thing for all concerned con-cerned The State as a whole has also been benefited by this development of tho dairy business Of course everything that addo to the wealth of the people Jn any line rcfiecls on all the people The dairy business however has been a help In another way A few years ngo thousands of dollars were sent out ho of tho State for dairy products and even now during the season of ocarclty there Is seine shipped In Yet during 9011 hIPJ l the pant year there was very much more shipped out of the State than won shipped In Dairy products Instead I of being a drain upon the money capital of add of the State are now a means lug to that capital and thus contributing I contribu-ting Its share toward bringing money wllhln the reach of profitable industrial Indus-trial enterprises tH oven upon the farm I Very truly F B LINFIELD Agricultural College Logan Utah = = i f 0 c Z Z < 3 28 S g g c IS z I z o IEC > J J j it g 3 03 5 c it ho E I 4 O f gl c I w t j = j NAMlfl QF CREAMERY AND LOcATION < if c 9 = 22 3 c Q i J 1 f r V t c I E 1 r It I t g = 3 3 Q a c = F Caclio Valley Dairy company JUclimoml Cncho cduntT s uooog O 103000 100000 m 11200 J SCO I Well vUlo dftlrj Wollsvllle Cache county u lOI 00110Cr O Mlllvlllo dairy Mlllvllle Cache county i ui 1000 2 O 750J r0CJ tio 16 iiioo CLUnU creamery Logan Cacltn County COOO 16f Fo l Union creamery ItieUmonil Cache county 40jft 60 105000 1130001 500 Ui j < 7 Smlihllold Dairy 1000 SMI 100000 G io 75000 Dlamuiut M creamery company Itauidlie Smltlitlchl Caeho Caeho county county 00 810 100UO 1500001000 0 S ro oj toto Ltu SOIIH hyde Park Taiho county Wulluvlllo Farmers D WilKvlHe ache county 1 6000 cooo 550001 20000 G ft p oo 220 10 Kuysvlllo creamery Kaysvllle Davta countyi 1 I 0 crCUlnnl lCIIHl DIVhl collt flume SltlnunlJK station Snuh Whcr Davis etmnty 600 iiisoo 2160 i666 1 75 Luytn DIr compauiy nYlon Davis County cumlllY Rnyl4Vihho lmlnH station Davis culnlr NtJhl Crtlllr con1P n > NtJhl Jluh count iileviOV lltLn1ery CUllluny l1 lduo 1llarsl county ICflOl 1000ilDfl0 2 l0 1 N S Bislioii Cheese factory IllmI Millard Cunlj 1750 l t 1760 WQI 30UJ 1 1 X 1 I X I LheclO factory Iiorgumn Iorln county 1 kotw Vkw resniery 10nl IJet county 1 33 25Oi 8I700 l I QJ 10 100 i Mt Plcntuint crcfimiry Ml Plimim Buipolo county 33KW1 13117 I I 100 Moroni en uinery Mnonl Sniiiu county 1ro 266 1 140 1 Kulrvliw creamery 1jiirvlew Snnnelo county 10 11100 7SCCO O tno 8i Knhrulm lOqullablo creumiry JOphraim Smineto count r 3400 1000 15000 UO tOI1 Hi Wuleti Coop creamery Wales Sinpeto ouuillv 3000 20WJ 20COO 7000 I i Maui I dairy Mantl Siuipctn county OOUI G 20000 SOOO l 1M lUchliolil Hlohtldd 0 nlehlold creamery Itcblhll Soviet coiintv 1 Sandy creamery Sandy Sail Iike counl aoo 33 730 r J jj DraWI amid Hlvtrlol creamery Rlvcrton Salt Lalto ult JOOO 5COO COO 2 ii rauiorsvihiontamei rn llrsII StILiaico unt j llfr KOOO 2Ot 10 2 gl lu talry Slt Illto Snl Ial o SulLrnlto 20con 2000C isslcoi l00 0 10 Summit crcamclY HOt811 < Summit eOUht lCOO 21 12r Crystal cnJurnlr llu110r UIUullounty J 1 Woodland creurntry l Wondluld Summit county 0 1 iidd C0 zslow 3 100010 Ira ltlJ bock Tuoeh count U 1 mrlcn Fork crcUmlrYAmcrlcnn lorle Utah count Prove Prove Utah 1 J 1200 2000 5 t 40 rOQ creamery rovo lal count v U 1 2 10 70 3EOO Payson creamery Plyson Utah I 2000 2000 nno 0 G 1Q lloldawav I moot company cOlnt nn Utah count 10000 10000 10 1 h Spniigvifle creamery Springvihie utah 0 rrlgH crcan1ry Sprlngvlh acunty U Spanish Fork creamery Spanish Pork Utah county lioijani i creamery Benjamin Utah count Baleni oamery Salem Utah cOunt i I H80nt Grove Crelnlr PIIIJt Grove Tluh qount1 h Loll creamery Leht PLaIt cAnal1 C lrll ton crcaml y LharIOton Wni i cotifity I ccoo S666 1000MI 10CXM 12 10 4 ICO 1h0 20000 Wasatch cooo 7COO 90000 10000 Z IHLlch nlbur creamer crclnwr Hcl H ahlslmuirg VftsLtCli nluLtch count county I I b ro Sg 300 15 > 3 10 0 8000 Midway Uhwsn factory Midway WasaUh cminly S0001 7GOO J eodoo fJ gti ro 10tl Hooper I Dairy eompany liuupcr Wiher county j I IILI lolnt I Ogden croanierv Ogdon Veher county h I Slatorvlllc croamory Slutorvllio Wabcr county 10WJ01 1 10000 218201 21S40ldOO II I u Ogdon ullcy clenmP lltOItII l cer county 512SI J I a000 I 160000 IwO SSOi afo x 10j tl oor I heaver ereainor > Braver heaver county 11 3lJ 9001 10 tJp j I 0 2 EfRln dairy IneludoKaysVllfi creamery Hraper and Hlvortou creiiinery and American Fork ercamoryT Tnc > Iiirli > il in i Aflllvllln Mnlu |