Show i A6RICUllTURAL 1 EXPERKfdENT I I I I < u L J STATION Of UTAH I j 1 j ct J Review of the Years Work 1t f i t II 13Y LUTHER f FOSTER I j The Utah Experiment station has now been In operatlou for nine years though the first two or threo of these were spent partially In constructing buildings subduing the soil and getting get-ting some general lines of experimentation experimenta-tion under way The main object sought In establishing these Institu tlpns was to Improve tho methods of I agriculture Introduce new crops and create an Interest In new industries It was also tho Intention that investigations Investiga-tions should be instituted to secure more accurate Information regarding zho principles underlying plant growth and animal development It should ben be-n crstood that tho Experiment station sta-tion Is a scientific Institution and not In any senso a model l farm a place where the principles of science are made to work In the Interests of agriculture agri-culture and where tho methods of HC unico should be followed rather than 4 those of tho practical farmer It Is not its business to carry on a farm for profit but the final end in view Is a re suit which will be of practical benefit home branch of agriculture no matter mat-ter what the cost t TEAS HELPED THE FARMER J Though still a comparatively new in ntltutlcn the effect of tho work of the Utah Experiment statlon is strongly felt all over the State Through Ita bullctlnii and Institute lectures by members of Its stuff It has rendered good service in educating the farmers I to n better understanding of Improved methods of fanning stimulating the I livestock Industry and dairy husbandry = husband-ry and encouraging farmer In all their I products to direct their efforts toward Duality rather than quantity AH In riicatlng the extent of its work In this < direction the station has published 1 Klxtythrcc bulletins and ten annual ru ports in editions of from 3000 to 0000 conies averaging thirtyfive pages 1 I each The whole number of publications publica-tions Issued aggregating a total of 11 05COOO pages I of printed matter has bupn distributed principally to farmurn of the State 4 BUREAU OF INFORMATION I cw enterprises such au the stations I offering free advice to the people as I to methods of bettering their conditions I have to contend with n degree of suspicion sus-picion or doubt as to their real worth aih l for a time they must gain confidence confi-dence slowly by the actual merits of their work The Utah station had a utrong feeling of his character to overcome at first but today has become be-come a bureau of Information on nlmost questions of practical Interest to the general farmer dairyman fruitgrov er und poultrykeeper letters seeking Information coming from many other States That there is a constantly InoreasinK interest in U10 station and n high appreciation of its work Is shown I ly the grialOL demand for + Jlspublica iJouH and multiplication of Inquiries and requests for advice and ntttllillUlct i I In f solving various ngricultural prob Itmll from egg production to beef feed tot and from methods > of combuttlrs fruit pftta to Ili I trpnlinriil t nf the f I I 1L i I t iii various diseases which the domestic animal is I heir WORK OF THE YEAR It Is difficult to state accurately Just what has been accomplished by the station during any single year of Its existence for the reason that nearly nil Us work Is continuous All Important Import-ant results run through a series of tests not Infrequently requiring a number of years for their completion though bulletins are published at different dif-ferent stages of their progress Indicating Indicat-ing what comlufllons may be Inferred 1 from what has already been done The progress of the work In tho different departments the past year taken as a < Whole was very satisfactory I though that of the horticultural department depart-ment was Interrupted by u change nits n-Its chief ofilcer necessitated by the resignation of Prof Iledrlck LINES OF INVESTIGATION Tho lines of investigation pursued have been determined largely by ho I general condition and needs of the State It Is the policy of the present management to confine Its efforts mainly main-ly to a few Important lines of experl mentatjon believing drat reliable con UKlons can be deduced only from work that iscarcfullyand J thoroughly conducted and repeated often enough to eliminate errors or abnormal conditions con-ditions and that vastly more benefit Is J derived from the fewer results of such character than from a larger nuinborjiecessurjly limited time ob rervallon and duplication This course too has been deemed advisable because of the limited amount of funds at the I I disposal of the station authorities for I I the purpose of general research fife station depends almost wholly on the I funds obtained from Congressional appropriation I ap-propriation for Its support The total I amount appropriated by the State for UH use has not exceeded < oOO for the past four years A few of the great problems of the Slate such as Irrigation covering a vast unsettled field of Inquiry the reclamation re-clamation of alkali lands and thc prevention pre-vention of further damage from seep age waters subjects of exceeding importance im-portance In Utah together with the I more important of the questions relat leg to crop production animal Indus try dairy husbandry and fruit grow ing constitute tho chief work of the station stuff A NBf A TJ HUSBANDRY The experiments started In 1S03 to determine at what period of Its growth alfalfa should ho rut for bent results the annual yield of hay per acre UH digestibility di-gestibility and fcodlifg value being con Bldercu were completed within the past year The results taken separately and collectively are markedly favorable to cutting this forage crop for cattle feed I leg when the first blooms appear In yield of hay the method of early cutting I cut-ting gave better results than any other but It wan in the annual beef product per acre that UK superior value wan shown tho quantity being over 20 percent per-cent greater than the best I from the other theirs of cutting Anothernet of steer rjj dig experlincns still ju prog I rubs he I Jttjr < niliJL to doiermlno If then ls any prom In mining xradc Jersey steers on that farm This work In l uludos both pasture and feeding trials land UicldifujLally JLglvos the beef prod urn per acre that upp i bench land r I I pastures will produce under favorable conditions and shows the cost of making I I ma-king a finished beef product In Utah With pigs a line of Investigations has been curried on for several seasons to I learn l what use can be made of ulfalfa and mixed pastures In pork production during the summer and to determine If I I profitable use can be made of alfalfa hay or roots for the same purpose during dur-ing the winter Alfalfa alone Is found I to give little more than a maintenance ration For healthful thrifty growth a partial grain ration Is essential and one of the problems tho station Is endeavorIng endeavor-Ing to solve Is Just what portion of a grain ration should be used In this connection con-nection for the most economic product A detailed report of this experiment will soon bo prepared for publication i I Much has been sail concerning alfalfa al-falfa as a horne food some considering it the best roughage that can be given him while others claim Its effects are injurious and will not use it if timothy or wild hay can be secured In order J j Ito I-to decide this question a series of tests I 1 j I are now under way In which alfalfa Is I compared with timothy hay When the tests are completed sufficient data will Have been secured upon which to base some definite conclusions in thu matter mat-ter To take the place of the cattle feedIng feed-Ing experiment In which different cuttings cut-tings of lucerne were compared arrangements ar-rangements have been made to start a line of sheep feeding and breeding investigations In-vestigations This Is today the leading lead-ing live stock Industry of the Slate and the proposed work in breeding is Intended In-tended to assist the sheep owners in deciding tho best method to follow to Improve the present range sheep for both wool and mutton and still If l possible pos-sible retain In a great measure his present hardiness This feeding will have fr Its main object the determination determina-tion of the Utah sheopmanR sphere In mutton production Aside from this thu work on hand this winter compares the feeding value of good quality of milling wheat with that of Ilmt and second mill Hcrccnlnga and also of frozen wheatFIELD wheat-FIELD CHOPS The Investigations In crop production for the season Includpd a comparison of many varieties of grains and grasses with the object of selecting the best to perpetuate and introduce cultural tests with several different crops bill more particularly with sugar beuis and field corn to learn Just what treatment should be given from seeding time until harvest In order to obtain thy hest product pro-duct The relation of the time oC hal vesting lo the yield and quality of the grain and straw was also muuta a subject sub-ject of study for several different kinds of crops > SUGAR BEETS If Tho only cooperative experiment with farmers In which the station was directly Interested during the past sea I son was that In Sanpeto and Set er counties under the general supervision of the HnnpAteSeyler Sugar company Its purpose was to learn the adaplahll Ily of that portion of the State to the production 1 of boots for factory purposed pur-posed The results were very favorable Mid taken In connection with the iwo Seasons tests previously made In them counties by the HtatiQii they may be considered decisive Though the farmers farm-ers were Inexperienced In the work wlthvory few exceptions they produced beet of high enough quallly to be accepted ac-cepted by Iho L LehI I factory for sugar 1 1 making Former cooperative louts I I have shown that boots of suitable qual lly In purity and sugar content can be I I I Brown In all par tit of the Slate whore II I other conditions wquld warrant the establishment es-tablishment of factories The work In I this line was therefore concluded with the past mmsons lent lIOnJ LC IJtiH d j In horticulture the work consisted of a variety test of a number of vege tables showing their comparative ear I UIICM in maturing and their relative I productiveness and hnrdlnrap rvp < > rl meats in spraying forcodllng moth and other Insects which lyre very successful I success-ful reducing the wormy apples of the I early varieties to less than 3 per cent I I a study of a wasp that destroys the I apple worms a report of which Is now ready for publication I Since the Cache valley Is too cold to grow peaches without protection a test was made to determine the efllclency of I I j a tallowresin spray lor this purpose J There fa much to indicate that peach buds may bo protected by a covering of I this kind Another experiment of this i division was a test of different methods I of Irrigation In the garden and small r fruit plantations Eight acres were Involved In-volved In the test and the methods of applying the water were by furrow and Hooding The work was carefully conducted con-ducted and the results should prove of I value An extensive experiment in tree planting was begun In the spring of 1S97 in connection with the forestry dl vision of the United States Agricultural 1 dcpurtment and hUM been carried on I very successfully since that time but recently by order of the new chief of the division the Government aid for I this work has boon discontinued It into in-to regretted that such action should be taken at this time when the work la onlyfulrly started and the station cannot can-not spare the funds to carry It to com plellon The experiment as originally planned Is a very valuable one and would have resulted in much benefit tho Stale nnd college IRRIGATION Thc main energy In the line of Irrl galion has been devoted lo observations on the I duly of water Tin greater part of this work has been done in cooperation coopera-tion with tho division of Irrigation Investigations In-vestigations of the United States Agricultural Agri-cultural department It has Included the continuous mcaisurcinenl by meant of an automatic recorder of the vol I I timu of water used In Urn Irrigation of LSfll acre of land from the Logan and I I Richmond canal and L similar measurement measure-ment of the waiter ut jd on one of the best managed farms in the vicinity OL I I Logan This study covered the entire Irrigation seasonN At Us eloso a de Jalled report ofthe crops produced on the acre and the nurstier of limes each was Irrigated was aiecuivd The result re-sult gives the duly of Water very doll I nllcly on this special tract of land for the one season Irrigation Is also one of the principal subjectttof experimentation on the Geld I plaiis where comparator tests of all the methods of Irrlganion UMially practiced I prac-ticed wore made addition to this am effort has been made lo doletmlnc the I quantity of wailor required for the greatest yield of different crops alfallu wheat oat corn and potatoes now being be-ing Included In the oxpcrlnint also to learn under what conditions of treatment treat-ment the least quantity of waiter will ho lost by evaporation Tho water nsod In thin work was measured carefully by ineans of ai weir and veins brought to tho plats in a Hume The quantity applied during the season ranges from oin lo three aero feet The effects of fivqiienl Irrigation at compared with infrequent on the yield I sugar conlonl jind purlly of sugur hells him boon made a subject of peclal study for the past two seasons 7t la believed that the results of this work will give more definite knowledge In regard to this perplexing question Another feature of the work in connection with line duty of water was the Investigation I of the water rights of the Logan river nnd the dolermlnatlon op the amount and oupots of the seepage from UiTnrlnclpal I canals TlilH latter work will ho ox tcnueu In time HO as lo include the II principal streams of the State rfio eooporallon with the United Stales DnpartniiMit of AgrlenUure IH I < considered especially iulvauiiaffcoUH In 1 the experiment station since It rratly Increases the cllItloR for tho pun lcu lar lines of Investigation and adds largely to the amount of money thtit may be devoted to them In addition to Riving It thr bonrfiti of Ih cHh1 e I and supervision of exports In planning and carrying out thc work I ALKALI SOIL Alkali soil and seepage water Investi i gallons were curried on during the Hiimmor In connection with the 80111 division of the United Stales Agrlcul lurid department rho work HO far has been confined lo the lands west of the Jordan river In Sail Luke county Over 150 square miles were Included In the examinations practically all of the land in Salt Lake county west of thol Jordan which may be made available for cultivation I The object of this study was to determine deter-mine and record the con ltlons with whlc1 i the farmer In this region would I have to contend and to render him aid by Indicating the best method of hand ling1 such soils The Investigations included in-cluded ai study of the soil texture the alkali and the topography also tho feasibility of drainage the character cf the vegetation and the Irrigation drainage and seepage waters The percent i per-cent of alkatjl and texture were usually determined to a depth 1 > f six feet but I In sonic cases to only three and In others to fifteen feel A bulletin reporting re-porting the Vesulls and conclusions oCt this oC-t investigation I will be distributed during the winter It will be well Illustrated Illus-trated with draw Ings and soil maps and will also contain suggestions as to the best methods of redeeming nnd hand ling such lards It Is proposed to continue the alkali roll examinations until all the prlncl pal tracls of such land In the Stale have been studied As a result of the work it Is hoped that large areas now practically worthless for crop production produc-tion may bo redeemed to the citizens of the Stale In addliloil tp the above work the chemical dopfmniunt has made a study of sumo ctitt r foods These Include lucorn wheat I touts barley and peas limo work on lucorn had special refer once to iliii prolclds or nitrogenous substances while that on thC other crops included tho composition and yield per aero nl different stages of grmvlh The fuels determined must be lake In cnontctlon with feeding experiments ex-periments In order to secure the full Information desired relative to their value as forage crops POULTRY EXPERIMENTS The poultry experiments have been the most popular and have created the most widespread Interest of any lhat have been undertaken Jn Utah thereIn there-In an increasing Interest hi I > i the poultry Industry and oiiV Jf the t l1h objects of the work at the station Is to help plane It upon a larger and more profitable profita-ble basis The tests already made have I been intended to decide the following points relative to egg production The I I most profitable age of hens the t value I of exorcise the tlnn of hatching the i beat rations and tho best h CLds I j TIIJ3 DAIRY The lines of Investigation that had bean previously I laid out were continued In the dairy depurtmbnt during the past year One portion of his work cm J braced u study of they yearly record of cows to Increase our Knowledge of milk I production ami of the conditions that affect It and oxnerimcnw In the summer sum-mer and the winter feeding ff ovs mi dor Utah conditions to show the effect of feed aiul mumipenicnt In development develop-ment to determine what foods or combinations com-binations of foods will give the best mid 1 niOBt eionomlo results and to learn the poHHibllltles of a good permanent pasture under a system of Irrigation I Another portion Included questions per I i talnhiK lf different methods of talking I and Lusting mlllcv with a view of roeom mcndSn the most reliable to the mam ufacture of dairy products such as conditions that give thoroughness In churning and methods of making eur jifg apd keeping of cheese A largo I iimuinl of data has accumulated In these two lines of experimentation which Is I now being analyzed and put in f proper form publication The con clujlojin from lhisr t studio arc looked 1 for with a rent deal of Interest ns they will decide some malleis of great I Importance to both the rand r-and milk producer PrBLICATIONS The publications of the year comprised com-prised five bulletins an annum report one spraying folder for the use of fruit tree inspectors and a number of pre3S bulletins covering In the aggregate 330 pages of printed matter and Illustrations Illustra-tions These bulletins are especially noted I for the large number of trials upon which the conclusions are based and I for the marked cairo taken In condensing condens-ing and preparing tie results of the investigations for publication Tho content are full enough to give a complete com-plete understanding of the experiment r everything iot essential to this being eliminated It Is tho desire to make the conclusions show what may be relied re-lied upon regularly under normal conditions con-ditions otherwise they may be misleading mis-leading and serve to disappoint those I who have learned to accept and follow them as a guide In their fanning operations oper-ations All publications of the Institution Institu-tion arc sent free of charge to any resi dent of thc State who requests them and It is thft wish of the management that they may regularly reach everyone I every-one who would like to have them i BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT I 1 J Recent additions to the equipment In i i f I elude a milk aerator and a Pasteurizer I for the dairy i a soil hygrometer for moisture determinations a water motor for testing the rate of movement fln streams and a 10 horsepower clcc tric motor for grain threshing feed I grinding and fodder shredding 1 A greenhouse 20x7C foot In dlmon I I I Hlons to which a pollingshod 11x20 t feet with taR mont Is attached l was bumJointly by the college and the stu I tion it hUH a brick and stone foundu lion and an iron frame All of the woodwork Is I of cigar Gulf cypress the staging Is of Iron and the glazing of I American dpubfeatrcngih glass The house Is divided Into three compart ments arranged for different degrees of temperature It IR a nrslclass filniuiurt up to date in all of Us ar rangements OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVE MENT The fanner never before had such on op portunltles for Improvement Here In ITluh th n AgrlouliuYal college onVr free oC l IIfl Toll fees ttt thorough coursee course In the n lurrtl sciences upon which Ag rleullurt depends InloropeiSed Inlorspel 1 s Cd with special subjtujij therein thc founda thou prints iloc I trtor + hte b h h u y these selenes urn given prltclical t Plical1ol1 to llJll cultural prolJltuns to wupplv the needs f 1 of iho t young farmer I Spire the l who ullnot pale llnieor Lot ay fu cuurnc of studv a course 01 popular I for during 111B lectures Is 1 urru II iffed winter I season whe ho can best ieavo 1 homo e on clop 1 roduc lion uiifmal and dairy huJ mhe eteII1I11 Iecls 101 y HIIIC those who rur ugrlcu Mural sub cannot leave l h01l1 oven for oils anmd to short tlw State hLti period 1iroyitt Lutcp where 1JOdod l furmei IlIsL1 the riHulL of lime hll 8t rrMearch will Ih1 glvcn IW ICetU of CQtuIe livid charge at avers tpw n In the Stat JOI the rifting The Experiment stt lion Hoe n step UllhQI and seeds the publlsited results of Its fXIHrIOltIILIi I I Into every homo over time State they nll w wunte and rend In whtIc I I addltlun alai t atatlon huts a of specially 111 i llleh of the following lines to whom the fmt may apply at any time n lW for InformaUoa or advice Crop production animal in liwtry dairy huabaiulry rrlgat Ion vi horticulture g ltHlnnl veterinary science eheiS I miH try auul plant diseases No other clans huts Ua > Jttlereats bet better tar cared for today diner that pun some branch of agrlculiuro cuing |