OCR Text |
Show In the United Statea every city and town levies a Protective Tariff by 01-dinauces 01-dinauces requiting panics who-come temporarily iruni other towns to sell goods in competition with home, nier-eliants nier-eliants to pav a tariff, or license, for the privilege ol selling. It Protection if good for the town and city, why is it not good lor the nation?, XIX ULTIMATE FREE TRADE. When all countries become equal in the develupe menl of tesources and in the wages paid to laborers, there will be no need of Tariffs, except to raise revenue. rev-enue. XX. FINALLY . The dispute between Protectionists and Free Traders cannot be settled bv a priori argument. It must be ecided by existing tacts and experience. (The theory of perpetual m tion is good, and those who hold it cannot be argued out or. Those who disbelieve it need only say, "produce your much tie.") Under a protective tatiff existing deferences def-erences between couimies ate adjusted adjust-ed IX. KFrTCTS OK 1'ROTkCTION. Free Traders claim that under any tarifi the duty levied is added to the price o! an imported article, and like ai-tlclt ai-tlclt s ptoduced in the country are also raised in price to the amount of the duty Protectionists admit that under revenue t.ir.fis the duty is added to the price, but deny that it is entirely so under a protective pro-tective tarifi. They claim that in many instances. including nearly all the necessaries nec-essaries of lite competition growing out at laige production keeps goods at the lowest possible pric ; and that by in-cieased in-cieased product and sale, permitted by giving him the home market, the h me producer will be able to sell his producis as cheap at they c an be sold in any coun try under equivelent conditions. This dispute cannot lie settled on theory, nor derided bv argument, it is a question m fact, and must be determined by an appeal to the market X. NECESSITY OF HROTECIION. All Head This. Twenty Views on the Tariff A FULL EXPLANATION. Uivon of the Different kimls ot Tit riff from a Logical Stand point- I, WHaT IS A TARIFF. A Tariff is a duty levied on gr, d passing pass-ing from one country to another It is collected at points on the bonier line of the country winch levies it, and the places plac-es of collection are called custom houses. hous-es. II. THE REVENUES. The money received from a Tariff is applied to paying the running expenses of the government which levies and collects it. If tins money wis not rais ed by a tariff it would be : Elected by an internal revenue tax. or by direct tax. The necessity of a protective tarifi areies from the difference in cost ofpro-duciu ofpro-duciu goods, in Competing countries This difteience is almost wholly because ol the different wages paid to labuiers. 1 Ience the tariff is laigely a question ol labor. XI. THE PROTECTIVE POINT. . A protective tarifflevies just the difference dif-ference in cost ol producing an a'tical in the country fiom which it is imported and the cost in the country to which it is imported. (Example: If it cosis $1.50 to manufacture an article 111 England' and import it to this country and it costs J.s,-00 J.s,-00 to manufacture it in this countiy, tne protective tariff would levy just the sum,) A revenue tariff would levy less that 50c and a Fiohibitory Tariff would levy nioie (Theie is no such thing as a high protective pro-tective tarifi, any more than thcie is a heay pound ot a long yard. XII, THREE DFFBCTS. Under a revenue tauft the home producer pro-ducer cannot sell in conipetion with the foreign importer. Uuder a protective tariff the two are placed on equality Under a Jproh bitory tatiff the foreign . producer would Le shut out. Under a revnue tariff the consumer, ar buyer of the article imported, piys the tariff, wlvch is Huui-d u tne seilini: II I. TWO KINDS OF TARIFF. A tarifi may be levied on goods passing pass-ing out of a country or on goods connni; into a country The totmur is ctlled an Export Tariff, the Utter an important Tariff. (.The United Statt-s levies an Import Tariff only, ) and only tliat kind will be consideied. A Tarifi m iv be either Specific, or Ad. Volortm The foiiner levies a lixed amount am-ount by the pound, piece, yard, dozen etc. (Example: the Specific Tariff on butter is 6c. per pound.) An Ad v'olo tern Taritl is nxed per cent of Hie value of the attlcle at Hie place ol export or foreign value. (rxample: the Wi Voljrt tu Tariff on sponges 'is 20 ! percent.) i Both Spec fic and Ad Voloum Tarifi I may be levied on the same article iix- ! ample: the Tariff 011 plushes is 10c. per square yi-rJ, and 20 per cent cf the value,) IV PURPOSES OF TARIFFS. A Tariff may be levied solely for the purpose of raising revenue fur a government; govern-ment; or for raising levenue and piolect ; jug the industries of a coUnii; or for prohibiting the lutr.jri'JCtivii ol gwd.u 1 iXjvc . ...sUa-av couiUiy...-."J','"'''ww','',''v''''''"'''''w"'''' The liist of these is called a revenue Taiifi. it is designed to piovide leven tie for the government, and for no other nurn.i ' Th mnv also he called a ftee JVlel . ' J " I rad Tariff, such as prevails lit England. The second is called a protective Tariff. Tar-iff. It is designed to ptovide levenue for the government ant! also to protect and develop the industries of the Couu-ry- The t'.iird is ca'led a prohibitory Tariff. Tar-iff. It is designed to pronibit the impor 01 tfood;, uuder it no revenue would be depi ived. (Tne present United States Tar.ff is Protective.) V. GOODS LEVIED UPON A Tariff for Revenue, or Free Tradt Tariff, is leviedotiaiticles imported irom otiier countries, the like of which ate not grown or manufactured in the country coun-try to which they ate imported, atid which do not therefore come inlocompe tition with similar articles rown and manulactuied in the country which levies levi-es the land (Example: in the United Slates a Revenue Tai iff would he kvied on coffee, tea, and lie articles.) A Protective Tariff is levied op articles imported frcni foreign countries, the like of which are gro n 01 manufactured manufactur-ed in the countiy which levies the tatift creating thereior a competition between the bonis and loreign goods Example: iu the United Slates tne Protective tariff is levied on wool, wheat, lion and like articles which ate grown or produced 111 this countiy and ars also imported lroin price. This is claimed by Free Tradeis. and admitted by Protectu msts. Under a protective tarifi.tne consumer does not pay tne tai ill unless it be on imported goods for which he is willing to pay a'i enhanced piice on account of their teal or fancied superiority to simi-lat simi-lat gooos of lues q lahtv .itii domestic s?oods the consumer does not pay the tariff. In this case the duty on the unpolled un-polled goods is paid by the importer in die shape ol a license for the privilege of sell ng, while the home competition. If the dutv w as alwavs pa d bv the consumer, then the price of imported K"od, and cf domestic gjJs of like quality, would always be equal to the I neign price, plus me tariff, The markets mar-kets will snow that such is not the case, hi some cases the tatift on an ntticle is moie than the Srllinjr once of the article which cnuld not be ilthi taiiff was paid by the consumer. XIV. HOME OR AllhOAD FreeTiaders sav "Buy your good abroad, it they are cheaper Protectionists say: "Luy everything you can at home, and builu up your home industries; provide employment for ab-or ab-or and a market tor home produce, and in the end the home will hethecheapei place iu which to buv and the dearest place in which to sell." Productions begins be-gins at home, and widens out until it-: ie?ches home Protection keeps house I other countries.) A Prohibitory tariff would De levied on articles which It was desired to exclude ex-clude from the countiy, (The United Sta.es does not levy Prouibitoiy Tarifi oil any at tide) VI. FREE TRADE, If no tariff is levied, that is Free trade But this does not exist in any civilized country Yet under any tar ff there am articles on which 110 duiy is lev ed, and as these, trade is free. Onder our pies-tnt pies-tnt Protective Tariff we have free ttade on coffee, tea, and all other atticLs not grown or pioduced 111 this country. Under Un-der our prese it ptotective Tarifi we have tree Trade 011 C' ff.e, lea, and a l other articles not grown or produced in this countiy. Undei a Revenue Tariff we would have Free Ttade in wheat, wool, iron, and a'l articles giown or pro duced in '.his country. A Levenue Taiiff therefore, ami not Free: Tiade, is the direct di-rect and proper 'aiitithesis in puteciioii. J Vil MAXIM. . for itself. luee trade boards with fore-1 ign nations. XV. REBATES. The present Protective tariff rebate the duty pays it back on all law aiateral imported and manufactured into articles which aie then exported, one per cent, only i.emg retained to pay expenses for collection Tn sis done to enable our manufactures 10 procure materials (not produced in tl is countiy) which are to be manulactuud for export, as cheap as they ars doing very largely. XVI RESULTS O? PROTECTION. To pri perly co npare one period of cui counliy's hi tiy with another other tilings tnan the a ill' must be taken into Coiisicieia.ion. Yet the period of 1S61 to icSyi duiing w.iich the protective l.iiilt iias uesn in Constant operation, has been one of growth and piospentv uueqaaled in tins countiy or any olhei. .Will. RUCIPRCCI1Y Free Tiadj is found on the Maxim: "Buv in tiie cheapesumtiku and sell in the dearest." T.us maxim is collect. The only dispute is a to whether the bomemaik t or til foreign ui.uket is in the end the cheapest in which tJ buy! and the dearest in which to sell. Proterti'n t? toundd oti tne M.ix'!i' "Self pieervation is the ti'it law of na tuit." (Tins irtaxitu is equally corivct. the only dispute if as to tne bestappb ;a-tioti ;a-tioti ol the law ) VIII. KKFRCTS CF FRtE T KALE Under Free Trade the fainter aid manufactutcr are subject to unrestrained conipetiti.m with all tiie world modified, only by such natural difleiences as may exist. The same condition x;sls under M Kevenue t.ujj. KeCM'i ociiy nteans iiiicinaii .11.11 uauc in producis w h cli do not compete w iln the iioine pioduc ions of tht mporting nat on. Countr cs whose products are -t.n lar caiintt rccprocitie, ucc.i.ie tl ey ate coirpeliti IS (Two grocei's cann-i icciprocate buy ol eac.i otiiei- but a grocer and a clcth.er can do s XVIII CNIVEUKAL PROTECTION. Nearly every c vilized natii n h s a Protective Tartil France, er i.a iv. A utr.a, Missia, It dy. England is he 01. iv pre ni.. tent Ftee 1 rade countiy, her n sutcei auU condition being such ti1ai1si.1i her the best pol.cy, th -ugh mauv 01 ber sia-smun are Protection- j ,s s.' But sue laists about $100,000,000 le.enue Irom Taiiff on impoits, and jinciefore, should te called Fiee ltacle. |