Show THE SALT' LAKE TRIBUNE SUNDAY MORNING OCTOBER 4 1931 A How Aviators Go 95 “Bug-Huntin-g Great Altitudes Collections suspected were made in the manner described all the way from a height of feet above fifty ground up to 14000 feet The densest insect population is found in the first 1000 feet above the ground but at 2000 feet there are as many bugs as at the 1000-folevel and at 3000 feet there are half as many as at 2000 feet From 8000 to 6000 feet there is 'not much numerical The popdifference ulation is considerably more sparse from 6000 feet up t but is still very numerous Computations were made of the number of insects in a column of air one mile square and 14000 feet high at Tallulah Ala The average approximate In was 25000000 January the population was least being about ot Making Test Flights in Airplanes Equipped With Traps to Discover Effective Methods of Fighting Insect Enemies riculture Lefti An Airplane Making a Teat Flight Above the Clouds to Catch Insects Left: Insect Trap Attached to the Airplane's Wing (a) the Unexposed Trays (b) Tray in Position for Trap(r) Compartping Bugs Upper By BENE BACHE high do bug fly? To find aviator employed by the United State Department of g Agriculture have gone Chasing insect with airplane eem an odd idea but the matter 1 of much importance in relation to migration of Insects The department is making a study' of uch migration particularly with reference to insect enemies of the cotton crop Insects of one kind may accomplish their spread merely by moving from plant to plant Others may travel from field to field and yet others may make journeys of hundreds fir even thou sands of nules In the business of fighting pestiferous bugs it is very desirable to obtain a thorough knowledge of Jhelr migrations the circumstances influencing them and their direction and extent Such knowledge aids in predicting outbreaks of insect pests so that proper control measures may be taken early In order to find out the altitudes at which various specie of insects travel when in the air plans were made for catching them with planes Mounted HOW bug-buntin- offers many dangers in of plants roots and berries Every year at this tim j the public is warned against what may look like tempting fruit in the fields This Fall an Interesting and forests known warning of dangers of a plant s the “Devil’s Radish" comes from Although Inranee tended for the natives of that country It also applies to as the Americans “Devil’s Radish” grow freely along backwoods Toads of the United AUTUMN i fctates Recent warning! reacted from several mysterious cases of illness brought to the attention of medical scientist m France last In one instance jear a whole family of five auccumbed alter hav- ing eaten soup in which Radish" was used as an added vegetable “The “Devil’s Radish" haa a tempting look in ita general characteristics Many bikers eat it raw Others use it la salads ©r cook it In 60up Particularly Americans of foreign birth bunt for U In the Autumn t “Devil’s Radish" Is a cousin of “the familiar horse radish 1 here are two kind of One is wild radish used In drugs for the of laxmanufacture ative medicines This variety is known to aa being Lharmacista ‘‘Devil’s The second type of wild radish — the “Devil’s Radish" in the eccom- - Root ©f FuH ehown Tb Crown "PI Vtild Radish la Commonly Called the “Devil’s hirh Radish" ment for Holding Trav of (d) Wires Captured Insect to Control the Trays at night it has been found necessary to make night flights in pursuit of them All the records obtained were computed on the basis of the number of Each screen cubic feet of air sampled tray was one foot square By reckoning from the forward speed of the plane and the time during which a tray was exposed it was easy to figure out the volume of air through winch the tray had passed In this way the insect population at various altitudes was computed The bug population near to the earth is denser but many kinds of insects reach heights not heretofore d on each plane was a trap containing a number of d frames coated small with a sticky substance At will 6n0 or another of these frames could be slid out and exposed for as long aa might be desired to capture bugs When the plane landed the bugs were counted and classified Test flights showed that the number of insects was greatly influenced by temperature rainfall and the time of day Accordingly it was found neces- sary to carry out a systematic senes of flights at all times and all seasons Because there are many kinds of moths and other insects that fly only panying illustration —causes many illse which often produce maladies thatpuz-xlmedical experts Both plants are so closely related that it Is hard to tell themapart A description of both is herewith given in order to familiarize the reader and put him on his guard Bptb plants reach their full maturity In the late ball The “Devil's Radish" bears round berries about the size of a pea and are of a dark purple color turning almost black late in October The berries of the variety used for drugs are of the same size but differ in color They are somewhat yellowish in early October and turn deep red as late as the middle of November Both plants in their early stage of growth give out long slender and angular shoots which attach themselves to anything in the neighborhood by feelers means of their corkscrew-lik- e specially-constructe- Cold-Pro- A “Checkerboard” Schoolhouse The Check-- e Near Frank-hnrill- rb ©a rd Vhoolhouse e New York the purpose of studying the and quality of different varieties of com the plant bureau of the United States Department of Agriculture is making use of an automatically-controlle- d refrigerator which in the fields can be made to enclose stalks of growing com in a chamber lowered over them The temperature inside the chamber can be regulated for any desired degree and the of the plants thereby determined with absolute accuracy The object of the investigation is the development of a cold-procorn Corn is by origin a tropical plant and it cannot endure much cold Indeed some varieties in the field are seriously damaged by temperatures thirteen degrees above freezing point even though the thermometer may not stay that low for more than six hours Varieties of com however diffsr very markedly in resistance to cold ce " for 77Grooming77 Cows New m-- C )y leaning Davie Which la Used la Keep the Coats of Cattle Clean and Free of iprri ancient landmark still stands at an intersection of country roads four mile east of Frankhnnlle New York It is probably one of the most curiously The painted structures in the world date of its erection is beyond the memory of the oldest inhabitaat of that section of the Empire State No one has been found who can give the real reason for painting its extenor to resemble a huge checkerboard Fallen Leaves Form ' Paraiitea Three Cone Fine Fertilizer ALLEN leaves have a real value as a fertilizer and so have the stalks of plants and garden truck What to do with them ib sometimes a difficult problem particularly for the home gardener who doe no like to see his gardens littered up with a lot of rotting leaves but one can always them in a pit An analysis of oak leaves made by the Pennsylvania Department of s indicates that a ton of them contains two and four-fift- h of pound phosphate eighteen and four fifths pounds of nitrogen and boven pounds of potash fli addition to the indispensable humus or organic matter that is of even greater value than mineral F Can Be Cleaned One above all to bs associated in any way with such a thing as a “checkered" career but are apparently in one edifice of As a learning that is an exception glance at the accompanmg illustration shows it is “checkered" to the extent that the exterior of its walls have been painted In checkerboard fashion This SCHOOLHOUSES FOR A Vacuum Cleaner V a euu THE - bug-chasi- Th The Mechanism of Swallowing act of swallowing as revealed the science of radiology includes closing of the nose and mouth raising of the larynx and obliteration of its upper part by the tongue obliteration of the pharynx by raising the larynx and retracting th tongue opening of the pharynx with the closing of three outlets whereby This negative pressure is established is established by dropping the larynx and allowing the tongue to go forward In this position the food is passed over the back of the tongue sucked into th mouth of the lamyx which after it receives the food drops down to its normal position thus opening up the windpipe again after the food has passed The entire mechanism is controlled by 12000- 000 It was nervous impulses which establish conhighest in May with ditions of motion negative pressure 36 000 00P ( and suction and which produce ofa As a rule the larger prompt and continuous movement stronger-flyin- g bugs the material from the mouth to tha ’ are collected closer to stomach the earth while the “Once swallowing has started” exsmaller and weaker-flyin- g plains- a contributor to the Scientific species are American “the human being has no We can Many wingcontrol over the mechanism caught at higher levels less species such as the “balloon swallow lying on the back on the face spiders" which have no power of or even upside down but regardless of the position once the act is started flight but are earned by air currents have been collected at heights of nearit is impossible to stop For this reason numerous accidents occur such as the ly two miles There are two kinds of air travel swallowing of safety pins or other unfor insects: (1) voluntary movement usual obiects which happen to get into of strong fliers which can travel at the mouth " will without much regard for atmosRadiology has made it posable to watch the entire act of swallowing pheric conditions and (2) involuntary movement of weaker-flyin- g from the moment the material touches bugs Intermediate between these types are inthe tongue until it passes into the sects whose travel is partly involuntary stomach It takes a solid- substance a and partly by actual flight half second to make the route and a Cottonboll weevils have been col liquid a quarter of a second Corn of lected by airplanes only as high as 1000 feet Above 7000 feet there is a very numerous population of minute parasitic flies and wasps plant lice and other tiny insects which are of plentifully found at an altitudealoft 1 4000 feet and presumably float at much greater height At it cleaners no longer are used for keeping the house free o f dust and dirt Today they are an adjunct of the barnyard At least a recently invented device which work on the principle of a vacuum cleaner ha proved to be an ideal apparatua for “grooming” cows and especially for use against pal antes which fasten themselvei to the bides With the new vacuum of cattle cleaner a cow can be rid of parasite in a few minutes The outfit is made up of a small motor a pump two small tanks and three lines of hove fitted with nozzles at the end Cows are driven into a corral and three of them can b at one operation “yacuum-cleaned- " VACUUM lur r How Pips on Playing Cards Were Named w ’HEN you aay you are calling “a apada a spade” you mean that you are not mincing your words but are uidng those that exactly describe whatever you are talking about At that you would be all wrong if your remarks were applied to the queer looking objects called “spades’’ on a paik of cards They were originally rapiera and they derived their names from the Spanish word “evppda” meaning a sword Another misleading card nam is Stryl 1131 4 “clubs” The first playing-card- s came from Spain via France and this particular suit in these early packs was stamped with a baton or club But the French substituted for this emblem a trefoil or clover leaf although they did not trouble to change the name Hearts have nothing to do with the organ that pumps tha blood through the body They were originally called “cups" You can trace the resemblance even now if you look at the pips turned upside down as they are m the two tops rows of say th six of hearts Poi-est- foods More than four dollars’ worth of valuable material it is estimated is sent up in wasted smoke when an here of leaf covering la burned Not alone is worthwhile material removed from the ground but there is always a danger of fire because of sparks that may be blown into surrounding underbrush or beram-burning leaves may be scattered by strong winds |