Show THE TUFF FLAK Rawlins Replies to the Senator Sena-tor From Missouri IS NOT A NEW DOCTRINE Excludes the Idea of Free Raw Material l But it Comes From the Very Fountain tabs of Democratic Faith Senator Rawlins Quotes from State Papers to Show that the Democratic Party Never Favored Free Raw Material Until it Was Induced t Throw a Sop to Eastern Manufacturers Origin of the Chicago Declaration Clear Exposition of the Democratic Demo-cratic Doctrine Senator Rawlins of Utah who explained ex-plained his position on the tariff question ques-tion on the Ith Inst delivered some I further remarks on the subject on the 9th in reply to criticisms made by Senator Vest of Missouri His speech appears in full below as printed in the Congressional Record The senate as In committee of the whole having under consideration the bill W R 579 to provide revenue for the government gov-ernment and to encourage the Industries of the United States Mr Rawlins Said Mr President rise for the purpose of occupying the attention of the senate for a few moments with reference to the speech which was delivered yesterday by the distinguished senator from Missouri Mr Vest The feeling and earnestness which he displayed on that occasion it I occurred to me perhaps were by reason of some remarks which I had made on tho previous day in regard to exempting from i duty raw material I have always had i and still have the highest respect and admiration I ad-miration for the senator from Missouri He seems to t ts that the declaration in delarton the Chicago platform a construed by the remarks of mine and some other senators I sen-ators upon this side Is n new evangel a political heresy a departure from the Democratic faith My sole purpose in rising ris-ing now is to give the gentses of that declaration to show that it Is In strict accordance with the teachings of the Democratic Dem-ocratic party That declaration as contained con-tained in the platform adopted at Chicago Chi-cago in 1S96 is in this eWe e-We hold that the tariff duties should be levied for purposes of revenue such duties to be so adjusted as to operate equally throughout the country and not I discriminate between class or section and that taxation should be llmted by the needs of the government honestly and economically administered As a member of the committee on platforms I plat-forms and resolutions in the Chicago convention con-vention I had the honor to present the feature which has been the subject of so I much criticism and upon my motion it was adopted ls It a heterodox In the po j I lltlcil history of the Democratic party I The political division between the parties I I upon the tariff cueetlon flrst come sig i nlticantly to the front in 1S24 and there I I I was a revision I of the tariff In liE As the bass of that revision r petition was I I I presented to the congress of the United States by Albert Gallatln Mr Lindsay Will the senator from Utah nemt a question Mr Rawlins With pleasure I iYd Mr Lindsay understood ehlm to say that this part of the platform was adop ted upon hIs motion Mr Rawlins The part relating to the I equality of duties Mr Lindsiv will ask If the word only after the word revenue was intentionally omitted from the platform Mr Rawlin1 think not I Mr Lindsay Was it accidentally omit ted from the platform Mr Rawlins It was omitted from the I piatrorm Mr Lindsay Accidentally or purposely i I I ask the question because the senator said that he proposed that particular i i clause of the platform and I took it for granted that he knew whether the old fashioned Democratic word only was omitted purposely or accidentally I Mr Rawlins Perhaps what I say will be a sufficient answer to the Question a I propounded by the senator Mr Tillman can give some light on j that subject If the senator will allow me foa omitted purposely after discus I sionMr Mr Rawlins Mr President I do not wish to detain the senate any longer i than possible upon this question but simply I sim-ply to set ourselves right in regard to It I I will read a letter from Albert Gallatin addressed to the congress of the United I States ip this instance to the Hon Unite C Calhoun vice president and president of the senate under the date of 23rd ot January 1832 I read from a compilation State Papers and Speeches on the Tariff by F W Tausisr professor of npitlcal economy in the University of Harvard i i New York 23d January 1532 I SirI have the honor to anunry encos the memorial of the committee appointed by the convention delegates aDPolnte eral states held at Philadelphia in Sep tembar and October lOll for the purpose of preparing and presenting to congress a memorial settIng forth the evils of the I existing tariff of duties and asking such a modification of the same as shall be consistent with the purposes of revenue and equal In its operation on the different I differ-ent parts of the United States and on the various Interests of the same I pray that the said memorial may be I laid before the senate and have the honor to be with great respect sir your most obedient senant senantALBERT ALBERT GALLATIN Chairman of the Committee The Hoi John C Calhoun Vice Presi Vie Prei dent of the UnitedStates and President of the Senate Presdent This 1 aver thus presented to congress is an elaborate candid dispassionate and most able presentation of the question of the tariff In opposition to the theory of Hamilton The very end and purpose of the discussion was to establish or to use the language of the petition askintr such a modification of the existing tariff law as shall be consistent with the purposes of revenue and equal in its operation on the different Darts of the United States and on the various interests of the same I > In further explanation I read from page i 117 of the same pacer The cuestion then at Issue is simply whether the amount waited shell be so j raided as to fall equally noon all the con j I sumers or in other words on the com munity and so PS to encourage equally every branch of industrv or whether cer 1 tain branches shall receive special protec i tlon by high and sometimes prohibitory duties I Whether tares are lad on reome or on consumption It is equally the duty of a government founded in justice to lay them equally on all in proportion as the I case may be to the Income or the con sumption Were there no tares of the I latter description every part of the coun try nrd every class of society would be left it liberty to supply its wants on the cheapest terms and to pursue that branch of industry for which each was best fit ted If a tax equivalent to an average duty of 20 per cent or nt any other rate on all foreign commodities becomes neces sary for the support of government and ls < Jat an equal and uniform rate on all such commodities all the sections of the country classes nf sociptv and ndl viduals are left as fitas practicable In I the same relative situation as before But any law materially varying the rate on any of the taxed articles will In some re spect chance that relative etu > ton and to an extent proportionate to the change render the burden of the tar unequal I next Invite attention to another lead ing state paper whi h perhaps more than any other in the history of the country has been referred to as containing a cor rect representation of the Democratic view of the tariff quesion and upon the basis of which a tariff bill was frimed whIch has ever been held up as a model imitation by Democratic advocates be fore the American peorte I refer to the treasury report of 1S13 by Robert J Walker an able statesman from the state of Mississippi and I read from this same compilation at pages 219 and 220 where the following language Is used In suggesting improvements in the revenue Jaws the following principles have been adopted First That no more money should be collected than is necessary for the wants of the government economically admin istered That is In the Chicago platform Second That no duty be imposed On any article above the lowest rate which will yield the largest amount of revenue Third That below such rate discrimination discrimi-nation may be made descending In the scale of duties or for imperative reasons Mark the language or for Imperative reasons the article may be placed In the list of those free from all duty Fourth That the maximum revenue duty should be Imposed on luxuries Fifth That all minimums and all specific duties should be abolished and ad valorem duties substituted in their Place care being taken to guard against fradulent invoices and undervaluation and to assess the duty upon the actual mar lest value Sixth This Is embodied in the Chicago plat form It is the origin of the declaration which was the subject of animadversion by the distinguished senator from Missouri Sixth That the duty should be so imposed Im-posed as to operate as equally as possible possi-ble throughout the Union discriminating neither for nor against any class or section sec-tion No article Is to be exempt from duty except for Imperative reasons It excludes ex-cludes the idea of free raw material as does this last principle with reference to which the Walker tariff was framed I have that tariff bill here and I desire to call attention to the free list or articles exempt from duty as contained in that act It covers a little more than one half of a page of this volume and It contains con-tains no hint or suggestion of exempting raw materials from duty I will ask permission per-mission to print it in the Record at the end of my speech as an appendix but I shall not detain the senate by reading it What is the interpretation according to this standard of wellrecognized Democratic Demo-cratic authority of the declaration which has been embodied In the Chicago platform plat-form I call attention further to the language of this report on page 227 and I desire senators to mark the language because we have a contemporaneous a recognized and a clear exposition and interpretation of the meaning not only of the principle upon which that Democratic Demo-cratic tariff was framed but of the same declaration as contained in the Chicago platform The present tariff Says this distinguished Democrat is unjust and unequal as well In its details as In the principles upon which it is founded On some articles the duties are entirely prohibitory and on others there is a partial prohibition It discriminates dis-criminates in favor of manufacturers and against agriculture by imposing many higher duties upon the manufactured fabric than upon the agricultural produce out of which it Is made It discriminates In favor of the manufacturer manu-facturer and against the mechanic by many higher duties upon the manufacture manufac-ture than upon the article made out of it by the mechanic It discriminates In favor of the manufacturer and against the merchant by Injurious restrictions upon trade and commerce and against the shipbuilding and navigating interest by heavy duties on almost every article used In building or navigating vessels It discriminates in favor of manufactures and against exports which are as truly the product of American industry as manufactures It discriminates in favor of the rich and against the poor by high duties upon nearly all the necessaries of life and my minimums and specific duties rendering the tax upon the real article much higher on the cheaper than upon the finer article That is not only a good criticism of the pending measure but it is a clear exposition ex-position of the doctrine of the DemocratIc i Democrat-ic party as embodied in the Chicago platform and t Mr President In 1SS4 again in 1SSS and it was reoeated in 1S93 at the suggestion sug-gestion I believe of the factory and mill owners to a large extent of New England as a son to the people whose support in that direction was sought by the Demoaratlc party the traditions of the party were so far departed from as to exempt from duty for the benefit of one section of the country largely all the product or a large part of it of the greater proportion of the country I said it was taken up in deference tft that sentiment and that it was as vicous in principle as it was unequal in operation As a result of that the Democratic party came to disaster No Democrat can stand in the west or the south or in any of the great producing regions of this country as justifying a monopoly to the eastern or northern manufacturers their political enemies by baying that the burden of taxation shall not be Imposed upon them to the degree that is possible in a just and equitable distribution of tariff burdens Then this declaration in the Chicago platform excluding as it does the idea of free raw material is not a new evangel it Is not an evil genius It is not a vile reptile or rattlesnake There is no need for any senator in order that he may be protected from it to make any solemn and dramatic invocation to the Almighty and In agony and despair to ask God to help him It comes to us fresh and pure and undefiled from tbo very source and fountain of Democratic faith and so far as any vote that I cast Is concerned It will be in accordance with the declaration and principles of my party i APPENDIX Schedule IExempt from duty Animals imported for breed bullion gold and slyer cabinets of coins medals and other collections of antiquities coffee and tea when Imported direct from the place of their growth or production in American vessels or in foreign vessels entitled by reciprocal treaties to be exempt ex-empt from discriminating duties tonnage and other charges coffee the growth or production of the uo sessions of the Netherlands imported from the Netherlands Nether-lands in the same manner coins gold silver and copper copper ore corner when imported for the United States mint cotton felt adhesive for sheatlng vessels garden seeds and all other seeds not otherwise provided for goods wares and merchandise the growth produce or manufacture of tire United States exported to a foreign country and brought back to the United States In the sr o condition as when exported upon which no drawback or bounty has been allowed Provided That alt regulafons to ascertain the identity thereof proscribe pro-scribe by existing laws or which may be prescribed by the secretary of the treasury treas-ury shall be compiled with guano household house-hold effects old and in use of persons or families from foreign countries if used abroad by them and not Intended for any other person or persons or for sale junk old models of Inventions and other Improvements in the arts Provided That no article or articles shall be deemed a model or improvement which can be fitted for use oakum oil sper mpceti whale and other fish of Amen can fiheries and all other articles the produce of such fisheries paintings and statuary the production of American artists residing abroad and all other paintings and statuary Provided The same be Imported In good faith as objects of taste and not of merchandise personal and household effects not merchandise of citizens of the United States dying abroad plaster of parts unground platln unmanufactured sheathing copper but no copper to be considered such and admitted free except in sheets 43 inches long and 11 Inches wide and weighing from 1 to 31 ounces the square foot sheathing metal specimens of natural history mineralogy or botany trees shrubs bulbs plants and roots not otherwise provided for wearing apparel In actual use and other personal effects not merchandise professional books implements Im-plements instruments and tools of trade occupation or employment or persons arriving ar-riving in the United States Provided That this exemption shall not be construed con-strued to Include machinery or other articles Imported for use in any manufacturing manu-facturing establishment or for sale Approved July SO 1S16 |