Show ANNEXATION OF THE ISLANDS Message Sent to the Senate by McKinley I NECESSARY AND FITTING SEQUEL FULL TEXT OF TH TREATY SUBMITTED TO CONGRESS Views of Secretary Sherman Given in I a Letter to the President Japan I Does Not Care a Rap About Hawaii The American Nation Can Have the Islands i it Wants Them A French View Washington June 17Thc following I is the full text ot the message sent to the senate by President McKinley yesterday I terday to accompany the Hawaiian treat I transmit herewith to the senate in order that after due consideration this constitutional funcUon of advice and consent con-sent may be exercised by that body a treaty for the annexation of the republic of Hawaii to the United States signed in this capltol by the plenipotentiaries of the the parties on the 16th of June For the better understanding of the subject I beter understandlnr transmit In addition a report of the sec i retary of state briefly reviewing the negotiations I ne-gotiations which have led to this important impor-tant result The incorporation of the Hawaiian islands Is-lands into the body politic of the United i States Is the necessary and fitting secuel to the chain of events which from a very I early period of our history has controlled the intercourse and prescribed the association asso-ciation of the United States and the Hawaiian islands The predominance cf American interests in that neighboring Aercan nelenDUnl territory was first asserted in SilO by sending to the Islands a representative agent of the United States I found further fur-ther expression by the signature of a treaty of friendship commerce and nay i fno lt l t1W r Igatlon with the king In 1 1826 the first international in-ternational compac negotiated by Hawaii l lI i ws sisnally announced in 1843 when the Intervention of the United States caused the British government to disavow dis-avow the seizure of the Sandwich Islands by P British naval commander and to recognize them by treaty as an independent independ-ent stte renouncinK forever any purpose pur-pose of annexing the islands or exerting a nrotectorpte over them In lilt the cession of the Hawaiian kingdom to the United States was formally offered nd although not then accepted this govern ment proclaimed its duty to preserve alike the honor and dignity of the United States ed the safety of the government of the Hawaiian islands From this time until the outbreak of the war in 1S01 the policy of the United States toward Hawaii and of the Hawaiian sovereign toward the United States was exemlfied by I continued negotiations for annexation or for n reserved commercial union The latter alternative was at length accomplished accom-plished by the reciprocity treaty of 1875 the provisons of which were renewed and i i expanded by the convention of 1S5H em < bracing the perQeJual session to the United States of the harbor of Pearl river J inthe Islam of Oahu In ISIS u proposal for the joint guaranty of the neutrality of the Hawaiian islands by the United States Germany and Great Britain was declined on the announced ground that the relation of tho United States to the i Islands was sufficient for the end in view t In brief from 1S20 to 1S93 the course of i i the United States toward the Hawaiian islands has consistently favored their autonomous welfare with the exclusion of all foremen Influences save our own to the extent of upholding eventual annexation annexa-tion as the necessary outcome of that i policy I Not only Is the union of the Hawaiian I territory to the UnIted States no new i scheme but it is the inevtablc conse I quence of the relation steadfastly main i t tamed with that midPacific domain for i threequarters of a century Its accomplishment accom-plishment despite successive denials and postponement has been merely a question of time While its failure in 1803 may not be a cause of congratulation It Is certainly cer-tainly a proof of the disinterestedness of the United States the delay of four years having abundantly sufficed to establish the right and ability of the republic of Hawaii to enter as a sovereign contract ant upon a conventIonal union with the wih United States thus realizing a purpose held by the Hawalan peoole rcl proclaimed pro-claimed b successive KnwaMin overn rnento through some 70 years of their vir tual dependence upon the benevolent pro ttlon of the United State Under such circumstances annexation Is not a change It is a consummation Tie report of th < > secretary of state exhibits the character fsi1 c course of the recent negotiations and the features of the treat tsolf The organization and administrative details of Incorporation are necessarily let to the wisdom of the congress and I cannot doubt when the functon of the constl tutlonal treaty mailing power shall have been rcomnUsh the duty of tp na tional legislature in tho case will be per formed wIth the largest regard for the interest cf this rich insular donjpn and for the welfare of the Inhabitants thereof WILLIAM MKTNLFY Executive Mansion Washington June WashIngon 16 1197 i i SHERMAN TO HKINLEY Secretary Submits His Views to the President Washington June Accompanying the message and treaty was the following follow-ing report from Secretary Sherman To the President The undersigned secretary of state has the honor to lay before the president for submission to the senate should I be deemed for the public interest to do so n treaty signed I In the city of siged ciy Washington on the 16th I Instant by the undersigned and by the duly empowered representative of the i republic of Hawaii whereby the Island i constituting the said republic of Hawaii republc HawaI and all their dependencies are fully 1 I ceded to the United States forever tulv I j does not seem necessary to the present purpose of the undersigned to review the incident of 1S33 when a similar treaty of cession was signed on February 14 and submitted to the senate being subsequently subse-quently withdrawn by the president on the 9th of March following The negotia ton which has culminate In the treaty now submitted has not been a mere resumption of the negotiation of lESS but was initiated and has been conducted I 1 upon Independent lines Then an abrupt I revolutionary movement had brought I about the dethronement of the late queen and set up instead of the heretofore titulary monarchy a provisional government govern-ment for the control and management of rmblfs affairs and the protection of the I public peace such government to exist exit only until terms of union with the United I States shall have been negotiated and agreed upon Thus selfconstituted its promoters claimed for I only a defacto existence until the purpose of annexation in which it took rise should be accomplished accom-plished As time pasted and the plan of union with the United States became an uncertain contingency the organization organiza-tion of the Hawaiian commonwealth underwent necessary changes the temporary tem-porary character of lu first government gave place to a permanent scheme under a constitution framed by the representatives representa-tives of the electors of the island admin Instration by an executive council not chosen by suffrage but selfappointed was succeeded by an elective and succeedeJ electve parliamentary mentary regime and the abllltv of tho now government to hold as the republic of Hawaii an independent place in the family of sovereign states preserving order at home and fulfilling international obligations abroad ha been put to the proof Recognized by the powers of the earth sending and receiving envoys enforcing en-forcing respect for the law and maintaining maintain-ing seace within its Island borders Hawaii sends to the United States not a > f J > 1 I commission r t nil a successful I revolution but the Accredited plenipotentiary plenipo-tentiary of a s constituted and firmly established sovereign Btte However sufficient suf-ficient may have be fe the authority of the commissioners with whom the United j States government treated in l3 and I however satisfied the president may then have been of their power to offer the domain i i j f main in the Hawaiian Islands I to the United States pie fact remains that what they thentenderetiwas a territory rather I than established government a country Whose administrationhad cast down I by a bloodless but complete revolution I and a community In a state of political i transition < Now however the republic of Hawaii approaches Unitea States as an equal i j I and point for its authority to that provision I pro-vision of article 3 for the constitution promulgated July 2t S I The president with the approval of I the cabinet is hereby expressly authorized author-ized and empotv rt ere make a treaty of political or comihercipl union between the I republic of Hawaii and the United States of America subject t the ratification of the senate 2 t I The present negotiation Is therefore as has been said net a mere renewal of the I tender of Hawaiian territory made In I 11533 i but ha responded to the purpose declared re5nded I clared in the Hawaiian constitution and the conference of the plenipotentiaries j I have been directed to welching the advantages ad-vantages of the political and the commercial com-mercial union allenlatlve proposed here relatively considering the scope and extent ex-tent thereof Itt soon appeared to the negotiators that a4 purely commercial union on the lines of the German zollvereln could not satisfy the problems of the administration in Hawaii and of the political association between the I g nlol alth tarewe Chth 1 islands and the United States Such a commercial union would on the one I 1 hand deprive the Hawaiian government of its chief source of revenue from I customs duties by placing its territory in i a relation qf free exchange with the I I United States Its main market of purchase j pur-chase and supply I while I on the other i I I hand it would entail upon HawalU the i maintenance ot an internal revenue system I sys-tem on a par with that of the United States or else Involve the organization of branch of our revenue Q corresponding II brc service within a foreign Jurisdiction We have had with Hawaii since 1S75 a treaty of commercial union which practically assimilates as-similates the two territories with regard I to many of tljelrrmost Imuortant productions pro-ductions and excluded I other nations from enjoyment ot Its privileges yet although al-though that treaty has outlived other less favore reciprocity schemes Us permanency per-manency has at times been gravely imperiled Im-periled Under such circumstanced to I enter upon the radical experiment of > a complete commercial union between Hawaii and the United States a Independently I In-dependently sovereign without assurance of permanency and with perpetual 1s subjection I ltJ ebW jection to the vicissitudes I re public sentl jct raeiA In the of two countnes was not to bethought turning then to the various practical forms of political union the several phases of a protectorate an otfenslve and defensive alliance and I national guarantee aH rc tee was passed In review In all of these the independence of the subordinated state Independnce nSlshlng or feature and with it the assumption by the paramount state of responsltllty without domain The disparity therelative Interests and the dlsjjance I separating the two countries could I not fail to tender any form of protective pro-tective association either unduly burden tectve some or Illusory In its benefits so tar as the protecting state 1 concerned while any attempt to counteract this by tributary tribu-tary dependence pr a measure of suzerain rrJe control rP would be a retrograde movement toward a feudal or colonial establishment alike inexpedient and incompatible witn i our national policy naUQnU > There remained therefore the annexation annexa-tion of the Islands and their complete I absorption into tne political system of bsorpton tn poJtcl1 the United States as Jhe only solution satiatying all tne given conditions and promising1 < permanency and mutual bene IrOmltS raneJ Qne fit The present tre > ti has been framed on thl baslsrcihjivsuistantlajiy reverting to < 1u1sLhstt1a I 3 and necessarily adopting many or the feature I of that arrangement As to most of these I the negotiators have been constrained and limited by unconstitutional powers States pow-ers of the govern nt cof the United I JVs In previous Instances when the United States has acquire territory by treaty it has been neceHory to reserve all the organic provisions for the action a1 orlnlc of congress I there was requisite In the case of the transfer to the bnlted States < of part of the domain of titular sovereign as in the cession of Louisiana by France I of Alaska by of Florida by Spain or Alasl llussia it Is thomare requisite when the act Is not Cession but union involving the complete Incorporation of an alien i sovereignty into the body politic of the United States For this the only precedent of our political history is found in thiS uncompleted treaty concluded dur 7s i ing President Grants administration November 9 ISO for the annexation of I the Dominican republic to the United I States I Following that example the treaty now l Folowing the plenipotentiaries of the I United States and the Hawaiian republic re-public leaves to the congress of the United States the determination of all i questions affecting the form of government i govern-ment of the annexed territory tne citizenship I zenship and elective franchise of its inhabitants elctve habitants and the manner in which laws of the United States are to be extended to the Islands In order that this Independence of the case3s shall be complete ansi unquestionable I I unques-tionable and pursuant to the recognized doctie of public law that treaties expire ex-pire nth the Independent life of the contracting con-tracting stele there has been Introduced I I out of abundant caution an express pro I v5o for the determination of all treaties I Sr ec with I heretofore cna by Hawaii I foreign nations and the cxtenbon to the I natons United islrUs of the treaties of the States Ibis leaves congress free to deal I vlth such especial regulation of the con labor espeial system of the Islands as contract circumstances cir-cumstances may require There being no general provision of ex istlns statutes to prescribe the form of government for newlyIncorporated territory necessary to stipulate as in tory it was ar Itpulate precedent for continuing the Dominican tr contnuln Dominicn preceent existing machinery of the government and laws In the Hawaiian islands until I law for the Trovsor shall be mad by government as territory of the United a1 terrior I States of the domain thus incorporated 1 Into reo Union but having In view the peculiar status created fl In Hawaii by laws 1 enacted In execution of the treaties I heretofore here-tofore concluded between Hawaii and other countries only such Hawaiian laws COUltrc are thus provisionally continued as shall not be incompatible with the constitution beIncompatble wih or the law of the United States or with the provisions of this treaty te that s stipula It wll be noticed express tion Is made prohibiting the coming of laborers from Hawaiian Islands Chinese laborer HawaIa Chlnese national tern of to any other part our ntonal terr tori a This provision was proper and necessary in view of the Chinese exclusion exclu-sion acts and It behooved the negotiators ti see that this treaty which In turn is to become in due constitutional course a supreme law of the land shall not alter or amend existing law In this most important im-portant existng JOHN SHERMAN I Department of State Washington D i C June 15 1897 I I TEST OP THE TREATY I Document a Sent t the Senate I Yesterday I Washington June 17The following is I the fuHjtqxt of tthe Hawaiian treaty i t1eI < t sent to the ssnate I The United States of America and the republic of Hawaii In view of the natu illS dependence of the Hawaiian Islands la upon the United States of their geographical geo-graphical proxImity thereto of the pre I pond rant share acquired by the Untied States and Its citizens In the industries I t and trade of the islands and of the expressed ex-pressed desire ofrthc republic of Hawaii J I that those Islands should be Incorporated 1 into UieUnltedStatesjis Integral part ito tl Ib and under its sovereignty have j determined tn accomplish by treaty an object so Important to their mutual and t i permanent welfare To this end the high I contracting parties have conferred full I power and authority upon their respectively respect-ively appointed plenipotentiaries towit hely president of the United States John Sherman secretary of the United States the president of the republic of Hawaii Francis March Hatch Lorrln A Thurs I ton and William A KInney Article 1 The republic of Hawaii hereby here-by cede absolutely and without reserve to the United States of America all rights of sovereignty of whatsoever kind in and I Continued on page 6 1 ANNEXATION OF THE ISLANDS Continued from Page Lover L-over the Hawaiian islands and their dependencies de-pendencies and it is agreed that all the terrtor of and appertaining to the republic re-public of Hawaii is hereby annexed to the United States of America under the name of the territory of Hawaii Article I The republic of Hawaii also I cedes and hereby transfers the United States the absolute fee and ownership of all nublicO aorEniment or crown lands public buildings or edifices ports harbors military eoulyments and 1 other public property of every kind and description belonging to the cpvernment of the Hawaiian islands tbgetnei rme 1th every right and appurtenance thereunto appertaining apper-taining The existing laws of the United States relative to public lands shall not apply to such lands in the Hawaiian islands but the congress of the United States shall enact special laws for their management and disposition provided that all revenue from or proceeds of the same except as regards such part thereof as may be used or occupied for the civil military or naval purposes ofthe United States or may be assigned for the use of the local government govern-ment shall be used solely for the benefit of the inhabitants of the Hawaiian islands Is-lands for educational and other purposes Article I Until congress shall provide pro-vide for the government of such islands all the civil judicial and military power exercised by the officers of the existing government in said islands shall be vested in such person or persons and shall be exercised In such manner a the president presi-dent of the United States shall direct and the president shall have power to remove sad officers and fill the vacancies so occasioned oc-casioned The existing treates of the Hawaiian islands with foreign nations shall forthwith forth-with cease and determine being replaced by such treaties as may exist or as maybe may-be hereafter concluded between the United States and such foregn nations The municipal legislation of the Hawaiian an islands not enacted for the fulfillment of the treates so extn > ushed and not Inconsistent with this treaty nor contrary con-trary to the constitution of the United States nor to any existing treaty of the United States shall remain In force until the congress of the United States shall otherwise determine Until legislation shall be enacted extending the United States customs laws and regulations to the Hawaiian Islands the existing customs cus-toms relations of the Hawaiian islands with the United States and other countries coun-tries shall remain uncharged Article IV The public debt of the republic re-public of Hawaii lawfully esisuig at the date of the ratification of this treaty including the amounts due to depositors in the Hawaiian postal savings bank is hereby assumed by the government of the United States but the liability of the United States in this regard shall in no case exceed 4000000 So Ions however as the existing government and the present pres-ent commercial relations of the Hawaiian an islands are continued as herein provided pro-vided said government shall continue to pay the interest on said debt Article V There shall be no further immigration im-migration of Chinese into the Hawaiian islands except upon such conditions as are now or may hereafter be allowed by the laws of the United States and no Chinese 1 reason of anything herein contained shall be allowed to enter the United States from th Hawaiian islands Article Vi The president shall appoint five commissioners at least two of whom shall be residents of the HawaIian islands is-lands who hall as soon as reasonably practical recommend to congress such legislation concerning the territory of Hawaii a they shall deem necessary or proper Article VII This treaty shell bp rati fed by the president of the United States by and wit the advice and consent of the senate oh the one part and by the president of the republic of Hawaii with the consent and advice of the senate in accordance wth the constitution of the said republic un the other and the ratification ratifi-cation hereof shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible In witness viereof the respective plenipotentiaries plen-ipotentiaries have signed the above articles ar-ticles and have hereunto affixed their seals Done in duplicate at the city of Washington Wash-ington this sixteenth day of June one thousand eight hundred and ninetyseven Seal JOHN SHERMAN Seal FRANCIS MARCH HATCH eaI LORRIN A THURSTON Seal WILLIAM A KINNEY |