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Show Labor Commission of California Says They Arc Needed Sacramento, Cal., May 30 Some form of unskilled labar. sucli a:i is now j represented by tho Japanese, Is esen- tlal for the continuance ami development develop-ment of the specialized agricultural Industries of California. This is the broad conclusion of ihe report of the state labor commissioner submitted to the governor, on the Japanese Jap-anese In California and which was prepared pre-pared after over a year of careful field work by a corps of special agents among the farmers employing Japanese. Japan-ese. Tiie investigation was authorized' author-ized' by act of leglrlatnre Just after the nntl Japanese aitetion In California Califor-nia in 19iS-10un, and the report consists con-sists of over 2nii, (MO words, exclusive of a mass of tabulated sUitUilcs. The so-called Oriental problem In this state is thoroughly discussed In the report and, after searching Inquiry In-quiry Into all economic and social conditions, con-ditions, finds that some form of farm labor, capable of independent subsistence, subsis-tence, quick mobilization and entailing entail-ing no responsibility upon the employer employ-er for continuous employment Is ab solutely necessary to California's field, orchard and vineyard Industries, if these vast enterprises are to be perpetuated per-petuated and developed The report Is of the opinion that Ihe Japanese, who now perform slightly more than .10 per cent of this labor, nrr second only to the Chinese in meeting these requirement s. As to the complaints heard agiinst the Japanese In the districts in which j they are employed in great numbers, the report states that they arise largely from Ihe attempts of the la- borers to secure higher wages. It Is pointed out, however that there are few complaints of this character ex- I cept in sin h districts as are dominated domin-ated by the Jananese laborers by virtue vir-tue of their numbers and the almoit absolute dependence r,f the growers upon them for the harvesting of crops In the short time the seasons allow for this work. The average duration of ; employment on farms Is less than two months In the year. In this connection, connec-tion, the report points out that the Japanese have learned that tbey can j make much more monev out of con-1 tract laboring than working for dally1 wages. The rough average wage in I th" fields, orchards and vineyard; is given at arpi'nialely Sl.1'1 per day. I I'nder the contract system Ihe labor-J ers aie. able lo make from $1 to $7 1 per day. From I his they have passed , to a more liberal form of crnlract. j working together on shares; to grow-1 Ing croijs on ground held by them tin-, der cash rental and, in comparatively j Isolated Instances, to actual ownership j of land. "Japanese ambition," says Ihe re-port, re-port, ' to nrogress beyond mere servility ser-vility to the nlano of better class of Amoiiean workmen, to own a home, to operate Industries, lo be master and not slave. Is of the same quality as that of the Italian, the Swiss, the Portuguese, Por-tuguese, the Russian, with whom he competes and Is in line with the ambition am-bition of thnt type of American who will not compete with him. The moment mo-ment that this anihlllon Is exercised, that moment the Japanese ceases lo be an Ideal laborer." The report finds that there Is a co:i-fl'ct co:i-fl'ct of nninion throughout the fruit growing district regarding the Japanese. Jap-anese. While manv growers are opposed op-posed to them, another larce element declares that the oriental Is essential and the problem will require a modi- fContinued on Page Six.) j i JAPANESE ARE PRAISED. (Continued from Page One.) ficatlon of the Chinese exclusion law, with the nd mission of the Japuncs; and Chinese on eO.ua! terni3 In restricted restrict-ed numbers. Of the character of the Japanese laborer and his desire for an American education, the report speaks In high terms. Of the responsibility and reliability re-liability of the Japanese, contractors, small contractors, sub-bofsea or laborers, la-borers, the report states that they di not compare unfavorably with white men In the same stations. As to the lndlldual Japanese laborer a compared compar-ed to the typical class of white laborers la-borers now in the field and available for the work, the report discloses that the higher standard is that of the Japanese. Jap-anese. The Investigators found that the land-owning Japanese desired tn mak his bonie In this country; that ho at once adopted American customs and habits of life and closely followed his American nelgblors In many wayn. The agents Invariably reported courteous cour-teous treafm"nt and hospitality when visiting these men. The report states that it a not within Its province to oler suggestions as to tho solution of the labor problem prob-lem presented, but merely to present the facts as they have been found after a rigid scrutiny of everything bearing on Japanese life in California. Great stress Is laid niton the Infinite labor that was expended in gathering the data from which it Is drawn. Virtually Vir-tually every farm in the district--whore Japanese ure employed ! personally visited; the opinions fl employers of Japanese exclusively ol mixed races and of white laborers only wore Interviewed and their on the Japanese fed with the bureau, bur-eau, and aside from the personal contract into which the agents cam- with Japanese of aJl classes, over 20.-000 20.-000 census cards were filled out by Japaneg,. and sent to the bureau, th.H figure representing 41 per ceot of th total Japanese population of the state. The cards were prepared with a if' of determining accurately the charac-' charac-' tor of each Individual In order tha. the Investigators might have a fini basis oir which to found their ei 1-clusleins 1-clusleins as to the charaeter and rood-' of life tit the typical Japanese? residents resi-dents In the state. The In formal I'l'i wn re-adllv given by the lapaDCs" and the numerous questions answered carefully and fnll. The Japanese population of California Califor-nia i" given by the report as 41,628 January 1. 1910, about U per cent being females. Of this numher " per cent are engaged In agricultural pursuits and 15 per cent in domestic mtv ice of one kind or another. Of the SI7 Inpnnoxe children attending at-tending Ciiiftornia public school, the following talle? of distribution is fur-niy'.ie-d : Kindei tai ten, 1 male; 5 females. Primary schools, 2C9 males; 149 ln-m.i'cs. ln-m.i'cs. Grammar schools, 15'1 mules; t"l fp- Jli.lle-;. Ilih schools, 1.".7 males; .1 females. Kveiniij; (jchools, 7 1 males, 1 ! male. Total? 1128 males, 189 females. The reduction of subsistence to a science is given in the report as the basis of surteful competition by the J.-.paneie laborer against Ihos.; of an rtlier i.iecs, but the Chinese. It is stand Ibat tbe awrace Japanese Jap-anese Mipi-orts iiim&elf on 2"i per cent of bis (.Hriiin or less The average aver-age expenditure is abeiii 25 to Hrt cents u da" rr.d the highest figure recorded was f.n cent.';. American food articles. If Is stated, are beln,' substituted rapidly among ibem for Japanese It Is i;iv?n as tho opinion of th Jipauese themselves that the Arne-r-icm diet has IncieascJ their c-pacitr for labor. |