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Show Vi Tvvtiie story or the first TWSnmiS2&ZS BY THE PRESIDENT .C-Z-SC Benedict Arnold, the man whom Washington trusted with a deep affection, af-fection, and whom the army loved for bis gallantry, entered into correspondence correspond-ence with tbe enemy; arranged to give West I'olnt and the posts dependent upon It Into their hands; and, his treason trea-son suddenly detected, escaped without with-out puntsnment to tbe British sloop of war that waited In the river for the IlrltUh agent in tbe plot. Wunhlngton was at hand when the discovery was made. His aldee were breakfasting with Arnold when the traitor was handed the note which told him he was found out; and Arnold bad scarcely excused himself and made good bis flight when the commander-in-chief reached the house. Overcome With Grief. When Washington learned what bad happened, it smole him ao that mighty sobs burst frpmhlra, as Jf his great heart would break; Ind all the Bight through the guard could bear him pacing pac-ing bis room endlessly, la a lonely vigil with his bitter thoughts'. He did not in his own grief forget the stricken wife upstairs. "Go to Mrs. Arnold," he said to one of bis 0 Boers, "and tell her that, though my duty required re-quired that no meana should be neg-leoted neg-leoted to arrest General Arnold, I have a great pleasure In acquainting her that be is cow safe on board a British vessel." Arnold bad deemed himself wronged and Insulted by congress but what of- fleer that Washington trusted might not? Who could be confided in If such men turned traitors? But a sudden turning of affairs marked the close of the year. Cornwallla had penetrated too far into the Carollnaa; bad advanced into in-to North Carolina, and waa beset, aa Burgoyne had been, by a rising of the country. He lost twelve hundred men at King's mountain ' (October 1780), aa Burgoyne bad lost a thousand thou-sand at Bennington; and everywhere, aa he moved, be found himself checked check-ed by the best officers the long war I had bred Nathaniel Green, who had been Washington's right hand man tV war through; Henry Lee, the daring master of cavalry, whom Washington loved; the veteran Steuben; Morgan, who had won Saratoga with Arnold; and partisan leaders a score, whom hn had learned to dread in that wide forested country. Cornwallla Outgeneraled, He waa outgeneraled; bla forces were taken In detail and beaten, and he himself waa forced at last Into Virginia. By midsummer, 1781, all bis Interior poets were lost, and be waa cut off from Charleston and Savannah by a country he dared not cross again. In Virginia, though at first ha raided as lie pleased, be was checked more and more as the season advanced by a trowing force under Lafayette; and by tbe first week In August he bad aken counsel of prudence, and estab-Isbed estab-Isbed himself, seven thousand strong, tt Yorktown, near the sea, bis base )f supplies. The Final Blow, Then It waa that Washington struck he blow which ended the war. At last Rochambean was free to nove; at last a French fleet was at land to block the free passage of tbe ie (TO BE CONTINUED.) ; " Installment 16 Baron von Steuben hud won himself a place on tbe great Frederick's staff In tbe seven years' war, and was of that studious race of soldiers the world was presently to learn to fear. Steuben, at Valley Forge. He Joined Washington at Valley Forge and turned the desolate camp Into a training-school of arms, teaching, teach-ing, what these troops had never known before, promptness and precis-Ion precis-Ion In the manual of arms, In massed and ordered movement, In the use of tbe bayonet, the drill and mastery of tbe charge and of the open field. Neither Washington nor any of hla officers had known how to give this , training. The commander In chief had not even had a properly organized staff till this schooled and thorough German Ger-man supplied It, and be waa valued In tbe camp as he deserved. Baron Admires Americana. "You ssy to your soldier, 'IX this.' and be doeth It," be wrote to an old comrade in Prussia; "I arn obliged to aay to mine, "This la the reason why you ought to do that,' and then be does it." But he learned to like and to admire, ad-mire, his new comrades soon enough when he found what spirit and capacity capa-city there was in them for the field of action. The army came out of Its dismal winter quarters atroiKter than It bad ever beeu before, alike In spirit and discipline; more devoted to Its corn- msnder than ever, and mora fit to serve him. An Efficient Army. At liit the change to a system of long enlistments had transformed It from a levy of militia into an army stendied by service, unafraid of tbe field. The year opened, besides, with a new hope and a new confidence. They were no longer a body of Insurgonts even to tbe eye of Europe. 1 Jews ramn to the camp late In the night of the 4th of May (1778) that France bad entered Into open alliance 1 with the I'nlted States, and would 1 sen 4 fleets and an army to aid In se- ' curing their independence. 1 An Alliance of Power. ' Such an alliance changed the whole 1 face of affairs. England would no . I longer have the undisputed freedom of ( the seas, and tbe conquest of her col- j onlea In America might turn out the , least part of her task in tha'preeence , of European enemies. She now knew j the full significance of Saratoga and Uermantown. Wasbington'a splendid audacity and , itraordlnary command of his re- sources la throwing himself upon hla i victorious antagonist at Germantown aa the closing move of a long retreat had touched tbe Imagination and won ( the confidence of foreign soldiers and j autesmen hardly less than the taking ( of Burgoyne at Saratoga. , Parliament Awskee. t Parliament at last (February, 1771) t came to tta senses: resolved to re- , nounce the right to tas the colonies, t eicept for the regulation of trade, and sent commissioner to America to of- f fer such terms for submission. But t it was too late; neither congress nor tbe states would now bear of anything bat Independence. G With a French fleet about to take r the aea. It was necessary that tbe t British commanders In America ahould concentrate their forces. f Philadelphia, they had at last found j 'out, was a burden, not a prlie. It s had no strategic advantage of post- r tion; waa hard to defend, and harder a to provision; waa too far from the , sea. and not far enough from Wah , lagton'a open lines of operation. General Howe Resigns. a Before) tbe summer's campaign be- d gan. Sir William Howe resigned his u command and bade tbe town good- bya. amidst elaborate) festivities (May li 18th. 1T78). tl General Clinton, who succeeded him. received order from England to undo f Howe's work at once, abandon Phlla- c delphla. and concentrate his forces at w New York. b Washington Close Behind. tl Twaa easier said than done. tl There were not transports enough tl n more his fifteen thousand men by C sea; only the three thousand loyal- tl lata who bad put themselves under n his proterUon could bo sent la the C ships, efti a portion of bis stores; he imH rrois the hostile country; and a! f.i. -,rrh eras scarcely begun (Jan if -v M'nr Washington was at .'J U heels, with a force but little inferior to his own either In numbers or In discipline. He might never have reached New York at all had not Charles Lee been once more second In command In the, American army. The Insubordinate Ls. He bad come out of captivity, exchanged, ex-changed, and now proved himself the Insubordinate poltroon be waa. It hud never bad any real heart In the cause. He owned estates In Virginia, but he was not of the great Virginian family of the Northern Neck. He was only a soldier of fortune, strayed out of the British service on half pay to seek some profit In the colonies, and cared for no Interest but his own. While a prisoner he had secretly directed Howe's movement against Philadelphia, and now he was to consummate his cowardly treaeh-ery. treaeh-ery. Washington outstripped hla opponent oppo-nent In the movement upon New York, and determined to fall upon him at Monmouth Court House, where, on tbe night of the 27th of June, Clinton's Clin-ton's divisions ay separate, offering a chance to cut them asunder. A Treacherous Move. On the morning of the 2Sth. Lea was ordered forward with sli thousand thou-sand men to enfold Clinton's left wing eight thousand men. the flower of the British force by gaining Its jflank, while Washington held Its main body ready to strike In his aid at the right moment. The movement was perfectly successful, suc-cessful, and the fighting had begun, when, to the amazement and chagrin alike of officers and men, Lee began to withdraw. Lafayette sent a messenger mes-senger hot-foot for Washington, who rode np to find hla men, not attacking attack-ing but pursued. "What is the meaning of all this?" he thundered, his wrath terrible to see. Washington's Terrible Wrath. When Lee would have made some excuse, he hotly cursed him. In his fury, for a coward, himself rallied the willing troops, and led them forward igaln to a victory; won back the field Lee had abandoned, and drov the enemy to the cover of a morass. In the night that' followed, Clinton hastily withdrew, leaving even hla wounded behind him, and Washington Washing-ton chance to crush him was gone. Great Frederick's Opinion. "Clinton gained no advantage except ex-cept to reach New York with the wreck of hla army." commended th observant Frederick over sea; "America "Amer-ica Is probably lost for England." But a great opportunity bad been treacherously thrown away, and the war dragged henceforth with every gainful trial of hope deferred. French Fleet Off Sandy Hook. A acant three weks after Clinton lad reached New York, the Count 1'Estaing waa off Sandy Hook, wl'h I French fleet of twelve ships of the In and six frigates, bringing four thousand troops. Tbe British fleet within the harbor waa barely half as itrongj but th pilots told th cao-ious cao-ious Frenchman that his larger ships ould not cross the bar, and he turned way from New York to strike at Sew port, the only other point now leld by the British In all tbe country. That place bad hardly been In-rested, In-rested, however, when Lord How ap-eared ap-eared with a atronger fleet than th french. Fleet Sells to Boston. D'Estalng was obliged to draw off to neet him; a great storm sent both leets Into port to refit Instead of to 1 lght; and th disgusted mlllMamen ind continentals, who had com to ak th town with the French, with-Irew with-Irew In high cboler to se th fleet, 1 vlthout which they could do nothing, aken off to Boston. 1 When th autumn cam Clinton felt re to aend thirty five hundred men o the southern coast, and Savannah tas taken (December 29, 1778). Only In the far west, at th depths if th great wilderness beyond the nountalns, was anything don that iromlsed decisive advantage. George Rogers Clark, that daring iaxon frontiersman, who moved so Ike a king through the far forent, wept th whol country of th Illinois re from British soldiers and British utboiity that winter of 1778 9, annex-ug annex-ug It to tbe state that meant to be ndependent; and a ateady stream of mrnlgratloa began to pour Into th pened country, aa If to prepare a still eeper task of conquest for th Brit-ih Brit-ih at far New York. But few noted In th east what gal-int gal-int men were doing In th valley of be Mississippi They saw only that th British, t illed In New England and th middle olonles, had changed their plana, and 'em now minded to try what could 1 don In tbe south. There at last t heir campaigns seemed about to yield lem something. Savannah taken, I ley had little trouble la verrana!ug t eorgta, and wt effort to dlalodge c tem failed; fer Washington could ot withdraw hu army from before Baton at New York. I Spain Joined Franc) la offensive o llianc In April. 1771; la Aagait a mb!ad French and Spanish fleet at-impted at-impted an Invasion of England; nil s ' Europe soemed about to turn upoa tbe i stout little kingdom In 1U unanimous fear and hatred of her arrogant supremacy su-premacy upon the seas. British a. Common Target i Every wher there was war" pon th ocean highways even America sending send-ing forth men of desperate valor, like John Paui Jones, to ravage and challenge chal-lenge Britain upon ber very coast. But England' spirit only rose with th danger, and Washington waited all th weary year through for his French allies. In 1780 It looked for n little as If the British were Indeed turned victors. In th spring Clinton withdrew the fori that bad held Newport to New York, and, leaving General Knypbau-sen Knypbau-sen there with n powerful force to keep Washington and the city, carried eight thousand men southward to take Charleston. There were forces already al-ready In the south sufficient to swell his army to ten thousand ere he Invested In-vested the fated town; and on the twelfth of May (1780) It fell Into hia bands, with General Lincoln and three tbouaand prisoners. South Carolina Lost Washington had sent such succor as he could, but the British fore was overwhelming, and South Carolina wn lost. South Carolina teemed with loyal-luta. loyal-luta. The whol country waa awept and harried by partisan bands. Th men who shoulj have swelled General Lincoln's fore knew not when their homes might be plundered and destroyed. de-stroyed. If they were to leav them. The planters of the low country dared not stir for fear of an Insurrection of tbelr alaves. In June Clinton could take half his fore back to New York, deeming th work done. V Gstes Put to Rout. General Gatea completed the disastrous disas-trous record. On the thirteenth of June ha was given chief command In the south, and waa told that the country coun-try expected another "Burgoynade." His force waa above three thousand, and he etruck bis blow, aa he should, at Camden, wher Cornwallla had but two thousand men, albeit trained and veteran troops; but the end was total, shameful rout (August 16, 1780), and the men knew at last the Incapacity of their "hero of Saratoga." Congress In Helpless Stat. Certainly things looked desperate enough that dark year. Tbe congress waa sinking Into a more and more helplesa inefficiency. Definite articles of confederation had been submitted to th states nearly three years ago (November, 1777), but they had not been adopted yet, and J the states had almost ceased to heed the requisitions of th congress at ail. Unable to tax. It paid Its bills and the , wages of Its troops In paper, which o , rapidly fell In value that by the time ! the hopeless year 1789 was out men In the ranks found a month's pay loo little with which to buy even a single j bushel of wheat. Washington was obliged to levy sun- ! piles from the country round him to feed bis army; and In spite of tbelr sUtnch loyalty to him, hla men grew I 1 mutinous. In sheer disgust with the j weak and faithless government they were expected to serve. Wholesale J desertion began, aa many as on huu-dred huu-dred men a month going over to the 1 enemy, to get at least pay and food ' and clothing. Th Country Worn Out The country seemed not so much ' dismayed as worn out and Indifferent; weary of waiting and hoping; looking 1 stolidly to se tbe end come. ' Washington was helpless. Without ' lb co-operation of a naval force. It waa impossible to do more than bold th British In New York. France. It waa true, was bestirring herself again. On th tenth of July a French fleet J 'V? ' ti pnt In at Newport and landed a fore li of alx tbouaand men, under Count Ro- a chambeau. a most sensible and cap- g able officer, who waa directed to Join Washington and pat himself entirely under his command. But a powerful British fleet present- ai ly mad lis appearaac In th soand; at th French admiral dared bot stir; K , chambeau dared not la him with- v sut succor; and th reinforcements that wer to have followed out of y rranc wer blockaded la th harbor w Jf Brest Treason I Atfdetf. Then, whit thlaga stood so, treason rj re added. w |
