| Show 4A potx1xp?x: :::'5'::V0'1r: The Salt Lake Tribune Sunday September 2 1990 SUNDAY SELECTION 441 Reunified Gennany How it East Germans Get Trampled Along Road to Unification By Marc Fisher Washington Post Writer EAST BERLIN — When East Germany's defense minister a pacifist preacher named Rainer Eppelmann started demanding that his Communist-trained officers be accepted into the West German army Eppelmann suddenly found himself with a West German "adviser" who watched over his every public pronouncement Indeed from bank branches to the prime minister's office at used car lots and on sports teams West Germans are — with varying degrees of subtlety serving as "advisers" and "assistants" whose real job is to launch the West German takeover of East Germany When East Germans go to the polls Oct 14 to choose state premiers for the first time almost half of the major party candidates will be West Germans In nearly every government office East Germans have West German consultants (usually on the payroll of a Bonn political party) who advise them on their image their policies their relations with the West even their clothing and personal hygiene As West German companies take over East German enterprises Western executives automatically step into top spots The new editor of an East German newspaper bought by the establishment Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung is the Frankfurt paper's former East Berlin corre- Monika Zimmermann also the new president of the spondent who is East German Press Association The mayor of Leipzig East Germany's second largest city is a West German So are the top executives of an East German agency set up to oversee the dissolution of the country's 8000 enterprises Not all of the Western consultants have been chosen for their ability to teach the details of democracy or methods of market economics In East Berlin's Foreign Ministry the top adviser to Minister Markus Meckel another preacher and veterrevoan of last fall's lution is a West German named Carichristian von Braunmuehl Until Meckel resigned last week in a dispute with the prime minister ir Eastfullest Gennan profiles Economic end bade lir k Poland 0 Dom German El Federated Republic (West) V Democratic tatL7—':3 ' ' MA GNP per capita on dollars) $19561 $12 $103 US Dept ik For- eign Ministry into an employment agency for his relatives and friends leading one East Berlin newspaper to call it the "Ministry for Families" Von Braunmuehl's cousin Claudia worked on development policy His nephew Patrick a West Berlin law student became Meckel's personal adviser And Patrick's girl friend a college student served as Meckel's personal appointments aide This did not go smoothly: The young woman had to ask a colleague "Who is Teltschik?" Horst Teltschik is Chancellor Helmut Kohl's top adviser Despite such incidents West German "keepers" who run East German government and industry by acting as shadow executives have been accepted and sometimes welcomed into nearly every corner of society "There still seems to be a strong inferiority complex at work here" says an American diplomat who has 7 $-0-01 ilL 'I Cornett of KRTN intographics 03t2690 ''‘'- - iit) 3' ' lit0itilvi 011' t Italy In 1988 237 France 190 570 M France 560 Spain 394 190 United Kingdom Poland 169 t Index equivalent to millions of barrels of oil per day iri 1988 In thousands of square miles France 2207 Spain 1949 Sweden 1737 Germany 1377 Finland 1301 : I 482 United Kingdom 1 Germany 415 Poland 257 ki In trillions of dollars in 1988 Ciermany $107 France 76 United Kingdom 75 Italy 75 i France 220 Norway Spain 36 208 Grahl In millions of metric tons in1988 France 5477 Germany 3668 Romania 3260 2448 United Kingdom Poland 2440 'Government estimate pmbably higher than adual SOURCES: Chicago Tribune CIA Handbook of Economic Statistics World Factbook World Almanac KRTN IntographicsRICK TINA and MARTIN FISCHER ed "Yeah yeah the past is finally gone! Everything's democratic in Germany now!" A cartoon in Stern magazine showed Kohl preparing a place for de Maiziere at the Christian Democratic Union's party leadership table "I want him to be able to present his ideas in the most fitting way" the chancellor says By his side at the head of the table an infant's highchair awaits the East German From the moment East Germany dissolves itself on Oct 3 until Dec 2 when the first elections are to take place East Germans will be governed from Bonn without any elected representatives of their own Although Kohl briefly used that as an argument for moving the elections up to October he has not been heard to utter a word about the inequity of the situation since he lost the election date battle De Maiziere wanted Bonn to create a Reconstruction Ministry to supervise the transformation of the East and at the same time to serve as a training ground for East German leaders Bonn declined Now Bonn is making no more than cosmetic efforts to retain some role for the only freely elected government in the sad history of East Germany About 160 of the 400 members of East Berlin's parliament will g travel to Bonn to act as observers during the interim period traveled through East Germany meeting with local officials and their West German advisers "The Western parties assume that people will trust West Germans more And when you talk to them East Germans say 'Oh these people are so smooth and assured' On the e other side there is pride and that is obviously reacting to what is often a very difficult personal situation" Some West Germans have exacerbated the strains between the two countries by lording their superior ity over their poor relations they have taken to telling East German jokes and portraying the East Berlin leaders as pudding-braine- d wimps On West Germany's popular satirical program a puppet show called "Hurra Deutschland" East German Prime Minister Lothar de Maiziere is depicted as a slobbering fool his lisp One recent edition of the show which is broadcast only in West Germany but is easily tuned in in the East portrayed de Maiziere begging Kohl to let him do something useful after unification Kohl and Foreign Minister Genscher though were too busy laughing and singing to notice "The postwar period is over!" the Bonn leaders shout Hans-Dietric- Italy 576 United Kingdom 'gi4phira-koimm- mouth $134 metric tons Germany 491 In millions of Germany 776 cruelly accentuated a generous stream of spittle cascading from his rin Mons) $12055 1 Maio In millions of people in 1989 TV Trade balance Trade balanc3 On Mors) with US (in Mora) SOURCE: Op ILL Republic (East) CAVP the Comparing combined statistics from East and West Germany with those of other European self-valu- date for 1988 C:3 German c''! q(1-- von Braunmuehl had turned '' loom in Europe h Neither de Maiziere nor any of his ministers will be kept on After unification the East Germans who were elected last March will return to their towns and cities and try to fight their way up the long ladder of party politics West German politicians say there is no alternative to the quick massive infusion of themselves into East German affairs "They need our Heussen help" says EduardSocial spokes- Democratic man for Bonn's Party "They wouldn't survive one day without the help of the West There are so few people there with any expertise who were not in the Communist Party "Look some of them still pretend there is a separate state but basically they gave up most of their autonomy when they got the Deutsche mark" on July 1 Treaty Covers Vital Issues German leaders signed a treaty last week to reconcile their k3gal and constitutional differences before unity Here are the main points of the 900-pounification treaty: 0 East Germany 23 of the West Geman avail itself of Article Constitution to join its vtill larger neighbor Oct 3 0 West Germany's Constitutionontakes the fect in what now East is ef- day Germany of unity a Berlin is designated the capitol of a united Germany The decon on the location Parliament and the seat of of the government will be determined after unification 0 6 million files compiled by the Stasi toast police ore to remain in East Germany for now The Patiornent is to decide on their future disposition The the former East German 0 the Parliament is required to pass a new abortion law to reconcile the two vastly different Riles that now exist In the two states Each country retains its laws until the new rules take effect 0 The two states recognize the inviolabilof borders and the territoricil integrity and sovereignty of all states in Europe Under a previous agreement West Germans ore allowed to cloim property in East Germany that was seized from 11113if families by the Cornmunists 01 lost when they fled to the West Under the treaty signed Friday anyone who buys land in East GenTorsny for development purposes is protected from claims by previous owners or their heirs There will be a system worked out later to compensate people who donl get their land bock because it is being developed commercially or because their claim would disploce people Irving there ity 0 0 Treaties and ogreements of the European Economic Community take effect on the formes territory of East Germany immediately after unification non-votin- Multinational Forces in Germany Becoming Difficult Reality 04ATCOStLAYER CA For 30 years NATO allies have stacked forces near East Germany in a cake of military sectors But as seen in changes at Geilenkirchen base"layer NATO will adapt to Cold War aftermath by forming multinational forces 100 D 1 MILES G MilrioweV DUTCH WEST GERPAAN BRITISH EAST GERMANY WEST SERKNI kB°1" UNITED STATES IMMO VMS CZECHOSLOVIWIA IGEREPOURCHD4 WEST GERMANY SWITZERIAND NATO troops based In West Germany Dutch Caroadiani Belgian French2 British Arnetitwi W t 5500 7400 26600 Eriwo 245800 AMIL000 Gowan I - Canaloans are bawd west cd the US WOODS — ken& we booed west at the S end southernmost West German troops 2 Soxrces BribSh Arnencar Secur Ity hstonnaticm CaumiL PTO i ' By Melissa Healy Los Angeles Times Writer GEILENKIRCHEN West Germany — For the crews that man NATO's 18 American-mad- e on the flight line is unusually complicated At other NATO air installations the pilots and other personnel have only had to worry about air operations But at this base where there are people from a dozen different countries there are other concerns To cope with the plethora of languages NATO officials have deemed English the common language and last year crew members scrambled to enroll in 162 refresher courses Maintenance manuals have been completely rewritten the original US versions had been classified with a prohibition against distribuAnd recently tion to World Cup soccer had the mess hall up in arms This fall the Geilenkirchen base may face its toughest challenge: A female US Air Force captain will maintetake command of an nance squadron that includes crews from some of Europe's most tradition-bound societies The reason for all this is that Geilenkirchem unlike other bases of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization which rely heavily on US manpower and equipment is truly a multinational operation Under a new strategy designed to adjust NATO's operations to changWar conditions the ing post-Col- d base has crews from 12 different nations under a unified command headed by a West German general Geilenkirchen is at the leading edge of what strategists say could be the new look and structure of NATO forces in the decade ahead The 41- alliance struggling to mainyear-ol- d tain its military cohesion while defining a new political role for itself as the Soviet threat recedes has embraced the idea of multinational forces as a politically palatable answer to a host of problems 4 4 tit till - klt HVOnOtillir 1 0 tlaiitiafttpj k'te r a COMP flO oolieve unoer Leon Post — etoPnseare Scow AO For more than 30 years six sepaNATO allies have stacked their forces along West Germany's 500- mile eastern border in a "layer-cake- " formation The result was nine interlocking national corps sectors each operating as a separate unit but confronting the Warsaw Pact with an unbroken line of allied armies e Now about half of the 26 Warsaw Pact divisions that had been deployed along West Germany's border with East Germany and Czechoslovakia have been dissolved including forces from those two countries and from Poland Hungary and Romania As a result public support in NATO countries for massive defense spending has all but disappeared Clearly the "layer-cake- " concept has grown stale What was needed NATO's politicians told their military leaders was a new plan for the alliance's defense something lighter less costly and more politically acceptable to post-Col- d War palates once-hostil- 3r eel AC"Z"16 't Al ie 44k500 IlleZ"'"? 115k Directives Exothermic perm 50 Node 0 262570) ) Saturdays 5525 So 900 East Suite 310 Sal Lake City Utah 84117 01 OFF 1 Your style plus a Directives haircare product at no additional charge reg 6250 3125 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SeconOolV t' US defense strategists say that a multinational structure will provide political cover for a continued US military presence in Germany Under the multinational mantle the United States may be able to keep as many as 75000 troops in the western part of a united Germany for several years to come And few analysts believe that the German public would tolerate them if they remained exclusively under the US flag Just as important the creation of a multinational force would give West Germany the legitimacy it wants to take the first cautious steps toward deploying German troops abroad — a development that would mark an into the new important world order West Europeans watched apprehensively last year when a contingent of West German soldiers operating as part of a multinational unit called 4 ce Mobile Force took part in maneuvers in Norway for the first time in the postwar era But the advantages are not all political Pentagon officials hope the move toward multinational forces will shift more of the cost of defending Europe to Washington's allies and help to blunt growing pressure in Congress to pull US troops out of West Germany The proposed changes which were endorsed by NATO leaders at their recent stmimit in London have strong political appeal but military experts warn that they could spawn problems the kind of problems that are bedeviling the Airborne Early Warning Force here The communications equipment of allied nations sometimes uses different radio frequencies and not all the all-ma- oegroe 6 down" weapons use interchangeable ammunition Governments will have to devise common standards — in some cases even set up new organizations — for buying repairing and supplying equipment And they will have to share military secrets that until now they have guarded jealously There will be other problems too: There are serious language and cultural differences Women have different roles in each of the allied armies In some countries soldiers have been allowed to form labor unions Finally if the multinational forces are to be effective NATO's political chiefs will have to put aside conflicting national policies and agree to assign these units common military missions a high degree of unity that has often eluded NATO in the past "There's a cost to multinationality" Air Chief Marshal Anthony Skingsley has warned He is deputy commander of Allied Forces Central Europe the organization that probably will change most under the new initiative "It doesn't come for free" Skingsley said "and we're not going to get there without some hiccups" But the move will also spark some HYPNOTISM r "4 forces is the ultimate expression of NATO's principal but unspoken objective: "To keep the Americans in the Soviets out and the Germans early-warnin- g radar planes here life Im) 1 The main incentives for the shift are political For many Western leaders shifting to multinational sen e a 1 4 4 |
