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Show m Thurda. tVtuber 12. 1978. THE HERALD. Provo, Utah-P- ssues n Aufo Industry Clean Air Standards Reported - DETROIT (UPIi The American automobile, a key target in the war against air pollution, has undergone a multi-billio- n dollar transformation from the machine of the fume-spewin- g 1950s. But the massive government-ordere- d job that has reduced noxious auto exhausts nearly 80 percent in the last decade may be just a warmup for U.S. automakers who face even stiffer emissions standards during the next three years. (Related stories on pages 50 and 53 ) By 1981, the auto companies are required under the federal Clean Air Act to reduce exhaust pollution levels another 10 percent a task the companies say will be difficult and costly. The Environmental Protection Agency also is taking another look into diesel emissions to determine if increasingly popular diesel engines should come under stricter regulations. The Big Four automakers say they have spent billions of dollars since 1968 on research and production of devices to make cars run cleaner and under burn less other federal mandates clean-u- p gas. As a result, cars have become smaller and more complex, utilizing advanced electronics, computers, sophisticated combustion and filtering systems and other technology to cut down on pollution while minimizing the loss of fuel economy that automotive engineers say is a byproduct of emission controls. Most of the expense has been passed along to consumers in the price of automobiles. Industry figures show emission control devices have added about $400 to the price of an average car since 1968. The companies say the next phase of standards will add another $350 to $400 to a typical car. In 1977, Congress set a timetable for reduction of emissions of three major contaminants in vehicle exhausts: carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons. But within five years, the law requires a 96 percent reduction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and a 76 percent reduction of oxides of nitrogen exhausts. "From our point of view, the ad- ditional time and money it has in cleaning up auto exhausts The industry simpiy did not respond quickly and effectively enough to the of vastly inharmful creased automotive usage in highly populated areas." Ford Motor Co Chairman Henry Ford said at a recent White House seminar. The argument remains whether the cost of making an 80 percent pollution-fre- e vehicle into a 90 percent pollution-frecar is justified "Twenty-fiv- e years ago, there was a justification for immediate action, and I was among those urging it," said C M Heinen, a Chrysler Corp engineer and head of the firm's emissions projects "After all. no one wanted to wait un side-rffei'- increments are not that valuable to society that they justify the costs and penalties involved," one industry spokesman said. Besides the costs of developing and equipping cars with catalytic converters the most widely-usedevice for scrubbing auto exhausts industry officials say emission controls result in about an 8 percent "penalty" in gasoline mileage. Few auto executives deny that without pushing by the government, the industry never would have spent the til e could count the corpses in the street. But there has a lot of action taken, and the hunt for corpses has changed into a frantic search for some, perhaps, mythical individual who is ultrasensitive to some vaguely defined atmospheric insult " The extent to which auto exhausts constitute a health hazard remains a matter of disagreement between the and government environmentalists bn is e d One industry publication recently funded by the EPA reported a s..-fiHind that large amounts of air pollutants, usually associated with auto exhausts, come from natural sources The Automotive Information Council said the study found "photochemical 51 age ozone" emitted from natural vegetation contributes four times the amount e of pollutants found in urban smog The council also reported another man-mad- study showed that even before emisaons controls took effect, automotive exhausts accounted for only about 4 percent of toxic air pollutants. government-ordere- d Always Snowing Snow forms within most storm clouds all year round and in all climates, even the most torrid. Summer thunderstorms often produce snow but on the journey earthward the warming air takes its toll, and the flakes melt into raindrops. Despite kicking and screaming, the manufacturers met the standards, IB reducing carbon monoxide levels by 82 percent, hydrocarbons by 86 percent, and oxides of nitrogen by 51 percent when compared with uncontrolled OPEN DAILY ifl SUNDAYS 9-1- 0; 10-- 7 SALE ENDS SUNDAY, OCT. 15 levels. Carter Vowed Against Ecology Compromising REBATE' - WASHINGTON (UPI) Jimmy Carter, the presidential candidate who often refered to his farm upbringing and love of nature, turned to an audience in Pittsburgh in 1976 and pledged never to retreat in the battle for a better environment. "This is no time for those of us who love God's earth and the beauty of it, the purity of the air and water, to compromise or to retreat or to yield in any possible measure to the devastation or deterioration of the quality of our lives or our environment," he declared. One of the first major showdowns the new president had was over a water projects "hit list." Carter demanded that a number of projects be abandoned because they were not needed and were too costly. He vowed there would be no compromise, but there was. Congress ignored most of Carter's hit list, reinstating virtually all the projects. When the bill reached his desk, Carter signed it. Vice President Walter Mondale, during a recent interview, said only once has he heard Carter express regret over not vetoing a measure "the water projects, that's the only one." Water projects were called a "pork barrel" public works issue, and the cycle is endless. This year brought a new confrontation, and others are sure to follow. The question of a national water policy also has been a stumbling block for the administration. The political consequences of decisions weigh heavi ly, particularly West. in the water-sho- Carter ordered a review of water policy, participated in discussions on the subject, and in June announced his a generalized collection of policy statements that failed to satisfy those who cared. The objectives boiled down to improving planning and managment, new emphasis on water conservation, more federal and state cooperation and "increased attention to environmental quality." Carter, and his administration's record on other environmental matters includes: Air Pollution. Backs strict air emission control standards on cars, but did not object to extending the deadlines. He signed several executive orders exempting states from the stringent environmental codes, particularly the ones on grades of coal that could be burned during the coal strike. Solar Energy. Backs developing its uses, and participated in Sun Day exercises. However, he opposes a bill that would create a solar energy bank with a $5 billion fund for long-terlow interest loans for solar installations. Nuclear Power. Carter dismayed environmentalists by first listing nuclear power as a "last resort" and later planning heavy reliance on it. "Our national policy is to permit planning, siting and construction of nuclear power plants," Carter said in Portland, Ore. this May, adding that the final decision should rest with the voters in a referendum. j I WASHINGTON should play in larger complex environmental impact statement process, which can be used to change the course of major federal projects, says Charles Warren of the Council on Environmental Quality. "Citizens are, after all, the only 'exof making the basic value choices that underlie federal programs and projects," Warren says in the foreword of a new handbook on how to influence or use impact statements. perts' capable "It is one thing for an impact statement to identify the environmental consequences of a project; it is another to decide whether they are acceptable. A government official in Washington, D.C., has a different perspective ... than a resident of the region who will benefit from the proposed project or a citizen of the immediate area affected by it," he said. Warren recommended the use of the "The Environmental new handbook Impact Statement Process, A Guide to written by former Citizen Action" CEQ official Neil Orloff, now an associate professor at Cornell University, and published by Information Resources Press. book gives step-by- Orloff's 242-pa- ISM; H I (UPI) company official, - A power equating en- y vironmental protection with activity, has accused President Carter of giving power to a group of " coercive Utopians" who want to force their philosophies on the naanti-energ- th tion. of the Colorado Public Service Co., in a speech distributed by the proindustry National Environmental Development AssociaH. Peter Metzger tion, said Carter has placed almost 100 former environmental and consumer activists in federal policy jobs. "Like most zealots they are very different from ordinary people," Metzger said. "True believers all, they exude party line and exclude from serious attention any person or opinion which doesn't conform with theirs." What Carter has done is not just another example of the political spoils system in action because "for the first time in history, those in power have decided that the goose has laid enough golden eggs, and she's going to be Environmentalists, "Naderites" and activists" in the adother "anti-energ-y ministration have caused a virtual roadblock for both coal and nuclear power, Metzger said. He said they also have halted water and land development. "I call these people 'coercive Utopians,'" Metzger said. He said their goals are "very murky" cutting except for a few broad areas per capita energy consumption in half and halting growth, shifting from central generating plants to small power stations under neighborhood local control and turning from fossil and nuclear fuels to solar energy. Metzger's speech, delivered April 28 at the American College of Nuclear Medicine, was an unusually bitter public denunciation of federal environmental activities. It has been reproduced and disa coalition of tributed both by NEDA industry, labor, agriculture and other interests that campaigns for less enviand by national ronmental control electric utility of the representatives - InHustrv DIRECT FROM ' If - ""i'iT r Or- - i r in "m"" I ' 'M II W r - j- () L K. - 5P''7tf LifliL Ji , llJfl PCPV55P )K -- hvJ II F"! DIRECT FROM Kmart Pr'ce A?ter Rebate SOV 14.88 LJ- 988 . . I I - SAVINGS ON SMOKE DETECTORS FIRST ALERT CENTURION M88 M88 Batter Detect fire in first stages! Battery operated, with loud alarm. Easy clean! Test but- ton- - Save at Kmart. !L3j An,tel )1 "S fM iIpl lAr- m( - -- powered alarm in- - eludes test button to check circuitry, strength. Save. w f AUTOMATIC TIMER WgMJ M 24-HO- UR Secure your home! Timer turns lights on and off. Test button. 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