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Show MAKERS OF REPUBLIC IN PORTUGAL Pioneer Republicans Have In Most Cases Proved Patriotic Pa-triotic and Unselfish. NONE ATTEMPTED TO BECOME DICTATORS Dr. Braga Was Provisional 7 President; Braamcamp First Regular One. BY FBEDEBIO J. HA SKIN. , LI8BON, Portugal, July 15. The provisional pro-visional government of the new re- October 3, 1910, the day after the flight of King Manuel. Dr. Theophile Braga waa made provisional president and he at onre promised to Hold elections for n permanent constitutional assembly that should choose the permanent of 8-1 sera of th republic. This election, k after being postponed several times, Vv add do May 2.3. last, a The 192 deputies then elected met on June 19 and two daya later elected Aa selrao Braamcamp to be president of the republic of Portugal. With that event the provisional government ended its career. Th royalist counter revolution predicted pre-dicted for that particular day did not materialize and the new government beganslta career in peace. President Braamcamp was not a member mem-ber of the provisional government, and his election is interpreted as an earnest of the good faith of the pioneer republican repub-lican leaders, one of whom might have made himself dictator. The new president presi-dent waa president of the municipal council of Lisbon and aa such proved himself an able, conscientious and progressiva pro-gressiva man. It is too early to judge of his acts as the bead of the national governmen. Had Difficult Task. The pioneer republican leaders, those who were active in the revolution and who had high plnre in the provisional government, on the whole proved worthy wor-thy of their stations. When history takes its final measure of the men who set out to make a republic after the last of the Brnganzas wss expelled from Portugal in October, 1910, it will be unfair if allowances are not mad) for the many difficulties under which thev began their tatk. Portugal is a small country upon the edge of a continent containing two successful republics-France republics-France and Switzerland. The continent is full of monarchies and monarchists anxions to see the downfall of any and all advocates 'of a form of government that looks to the removal of princes from the pension list. Criticism in the monarchist newspapers of Europe was most unfair to Portugal from the beginning be-ginning of the effort at government for and by and of the people. The men who made up the provisional government govern-ment after the revolution were de- L scribed as incapable and insincere, and for months after the expulsion of Man ne1, Lisbon was painted as a crater likely at any moment to vomit the lava of anarchy and wholesale murder. Brffa s Learned Man. Theophile Braga, as the head of the provisional government, was the man most diseuflted in the European yellow press. He was described as everything from a learned nincompoop to a practical practi-cal tyrant. His failure, his assassination, assassina-tion, hia elevation to the presidency of the forthcoming republic, his aump-tion aump-tion of the position of dictator, his scramble for a crown, were among the destinies prophesied for him in various quarters. Mr. Braga la a poet, a writer, a philosopher. phil-osopher. He wag chosen by the more practical leaders who became ministers partly because of his eminent respectability respecta-bility and integrity, and partly, according ac-cording to hsrh critics, because b could be bent to the will of men whose motives were less creditable than his and whose integritv was less above auspieion. A man of very simple tastes, a book worm, an altruist, a dreamer, anything but a "practical politician." Mr Braga seemed fitted for the duties of his position only by intention. , He Liked tha Maaeea. Yet many foreigners ia Lisbon maintained main-tained that he was more honest than guileless, and that if he was selected because be was t w a worldly those who counted npon his becoming puttv in their bands were mistaken in their man. That Mr. Braga had at heart the interest in-terest of the Portuguese masses and had high hopes of the aocccsg of the eoun- (Continued on pa go 4.) MAKERS OF REPUBLIC IN PORTUGAL (Continued from page 1.) try as a republic wss not doubted by anyone who knew him. Rernadino Maehado, who became minister min-ister of foreign affairs when the provisional pro-visional government wan formed, wa at one time minister of public works under the monarchy. He also had served in the Portuguese parliament as a republican republi-can dtynty. An eloquent orator, a genial, gen-ial, kind hearted man of three-score years, an ardent republican who had I Htumped the whole country for year I presching his policies, a man widely ! popular among both the common pencil-1 pencil-1 and the members of the upper classe. , Mr. Maehado whs eminently the man for the place by reason of his ability and the esteem in which he was iielu. He was jocularly called by foreigners in Lisbon "the atber of the republic." His photograph was familiar window decoration in the homes of advocates of republican government in Lisbon and Oporto. While there were not wanting persons who accused Mr. Maehado of telf seeking, he is generally considered a man of more than ordinary ability and worth. Vain and Hai Enemies. Affonso Costa, minister of justice. was popularly considered the brains and backbone of the provisional ministry. minis-try. With Admiral Candido des Reis be led the revolution. The naval officer offi-cer became discouraged and committed suicide upon the eve of the triumph of the revolutionary party, but Mr. Costa was more buoyant and lived to take a leading part in forming the provisional fovernment after Manuel was expelled, le ia able, ambitious and inordinately vain, seeking personal glory no lesa ardently thau the welfare of his country, coun-try, but having the welfare of his country coun-try at heart. He represents the ex tr'eme radicals eupportod ty the paperl El Mundo the World and has a great many enemies among the more conservative conserv-ative advocates of republican government. govern-ment. Among the monarchists he is, of course, considered little more than hq anarchist. In January, 19n8, Mr. i C osta and Viseond Ribera were arrested arrest-ed by order of Premier Franco, then virtual dictator of Portugal, for con spiracy against the monarchy. They were released in the amnesty cauied by King Carlos murder. Hates the Clericals. Mr, Costa is bitterly anti clerical and is responsible for the hasty, ruthlebs and probably ill advised expulsion of "the congregations," the sequestration of nronertv beloneins to these reli- gioui orders and other measures against them. Dr. Antonio Jose d'Almeida, minister of the interior, is the editor of the new conservative republican paper. Republics. Repub-lics. He is a great orator, much liked bv the Portuguese for his honorable ca reer and attractive personality, and higr.lv respected bv foreigners residing in the country. Dr. d'Almeida is credited cred-ited with being a sane and safe man in Portugal. He waa strongly supported by Maehado Bantos, the naval hero of the revolution and editor of- an insur gent journal. When the provisional government promulgated the "right of strike" law, giving laboring men iu Portugal for the first time the right to "walk out," there naturally followed a period of excitement during which there was a strong tendency to abuse the newly created privilege. Ball Fighter's Bon. , Dr. Almeida proved highly useful in thia crisis. He offered bia resignation because railway employees who were on atrike declined a just offer of their employers. Thia ended the strike. Dr. Almeida's steadfast determination to be impartial aa between employers and employees not only made him a heru but relieved a situation that might have resulted in civil war. The European press haa made much fit the fact that Jose Reives, minister of finance in the provisional government, govern-ment, is the son of s bull fighter. This statement of fact should be explained. Tn Bpain the bull fighter, or torrero, ',' as he is called, ia a professional who rates about like a pugilist in England or America. A long time ago gentlemen gentle-men fought bulla in Spain, but that was when the fight was fair and the dinner great. In Portugal, where bull fights are exhibitions of horsemanship, in which neither bulla nor horses are killed intentionally or frequently, gentlemen gen-tlemen still engage in the aport. The hull's horns are padded and the en pad a "kills' the animal with a dummy tword at the end of the exhibition; the exhibition of the scientific stroke being somewhat like target praetice with big guns when no shell are actually fired. Cut Oorernment Expense Mr. Kelvea father waa wealthv land owner, a man of leisure, an a ma teur photographer, a hunter and a bull fighter, as well as an owner of thor onghbred hnrsea. He was a "fidalgo. The term is the Portuguese equivalent of the Spsniah "hidalgo." That the son is a capable and earnest man fs to he inferred from the- fact that he reduced re-duced the expenses of tha government about 'JO,000 a dnv when he assumed the duties of his office. Exchange im proved and Portuguese bonds rose in value. He cut out a achedule of regit Jar office hours for government em ploveea and put them to work in earnest.' earn-est.' This created consternation among holders of sinecure, but awakened the sdniirution of the people and won the commendation of fnreignera in Lisbon who hud observed the course of event-, during the wasteful dava of the Bra-2unza Bra-2unza kings nothing like regularity in f hoif and sincerity in devotion to dutv j among public servants had ever becu ' heard of. I Dangerous Press. One int. rake of tho Prott'iuere-mit-; istcrs was to all early, and deeply 1 into the. error of 'nnhinff; into print." since the formation of the government. 1 l.isbnu he been an arena for slincer-i slincer-i nf ink. Newspapers aro numerous and s a ri'le. intemperate In addition to . oestitpfiper:. there aro o!itieHl paw ; phler piled high on the bonkta!l. manv ; 'if them iiavine; on their raurr bv'ks tSe pses of l"ader in ilitics. Most ! "f these are e-ther lianzerous or ridicn ( liius and contribute nutlimg. hut an eie ( . ntent of brimstone to the situation. ! But Portuc1 a a ronntrv free from jtlie rnle of king i erv near, and it - wnuld be iinre&sorsi.le to extiecf its I lending men not to niake mistakes. Ta ' ' km as'a wh-ile, tho.? io rhuijr seen; ! to be raiher reliable ud well menn-uf j if .one 'f hem are not as prjcti.-al as 1 fl-ev iiMtfht be I . ! ' ' MONDAY: THIi EEPTJBUa OF PORTUGAL, j V. "Tho Csrbonirios." j |