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Show DEPARTURE IN AMERICAN DIPLOMACY State Department Hopes to Establish Lasting Peace . in Nicaragua. PUBLIC LOAN HELD UP AS THE PRIZE r Expects to Have an Election Held in 18 Months That Will Settle Affairs. BT FREDERIC J.yHAJKIN. M ANAGUAr NicaraguaThe-rer- ent efforts of th United HUtea to compose com-pose the turbulent affairs of the republic repub-lic of Nicaragua constitute-an epoch making departure in American diplomacy. diplo-macy. , The atate department hopes to adjust the affairs of this little country in such a wsy that permanent peace may follow and. that ths resources of the country may be developed, with resultsnt expansion of Americas trsde with Nicaragua. It feels if the senate ratifies the treaty it baa negotiated, the United States will thereby be given auch a supervisory control over the customs house as will give Uncle Ham power to insist that peace be maintained. Now be has no auch power snd must simply do what he can by moral sus-sion sus-sion to maintain peace. This is not a guarantee of peace at all when the in-1 interests of th various politicians conflict. con-flict. But with a treaty permitting it, the I'nited State can see to it that the customs house are not made a part of the spoils of wsr, snd thus prae-ticslly prae-ticslly can make sure that th peace of the republic is maintained. Secretary Knox ia using every resource re-source st , his command to indue th senate to ratify the convention he has negotiated with ths Nicaragua, government. gov-ernment. Jtfnst Mart Obligations. He feels that if Central American re-puhlica re-puhlica do not meet their foreign obligations obli-gations fairly, foreign nations will want to atep ia and protect their Interests, In-terests, and that these republica cannot meet their obligations unless they get dowa to pease basis. Hs insists that it ia far better to help them to get back on their financial fact, and b! theo compel them. to stand up, than it would be to let matters drag Sloag snd bring ia unexpected complications. If thin effort of th department to banish revolutions from Nicaragua and to put th country on s sound financial and economic footing shsll suceeed, the ssms policy will be applied in other Central American republica, in the hope that permanent peace will supplant recurring re-curring Avolutionsnnd that th swords of all Central America may be beaten into plowsharss. ami its spesrs into pruning hooks. There is much dispnts about the part the state department ha played in the Niearagusn revolution. That its attitude atti-tude is th whole matter has been seri-4 seri-4 ously misunderstood ia confidently asserted as-serted by ths representatives of ths department. de-partment. XngUsli BvstMd It Up. This grew out of its forbidding the Jfadnx army and th gunboat Van us to bombard Bluefields. If the Madriz forces hsd been permitted to bombard 'ths town after they bad taken the bluff commanding it. there ia no qaestion but that the Madns cause would have triumphed. tri-umphed. It was tbia that led to the popular belief, according to the department, de-partment, that it was favoring Estrada over Madriz. It ia freely conceded st th department depart-ment thst its refusal to permit Msdris to bombard Bluefields did result in the triumph of Estrada. But its refusal, it ia asserted, was sot predicated upon friendship for Kstrads nor upon enmity en-mity sgainst Msdrix. Some time before be-fore Estrada wanted to bombard Grey-town. Grey-town. At that time the English navy had a vessel there and its commander refused Estrada th privilege of bombarding bom-barding th town, upon th ground thst internstionsl Isw requires that where there are foreign residents snd foreign interests in unfortified towns, they shall not be bombarded, and any aatioa haa a right to interfere aad pre vent auch bombardment for the protection protec-tion of its subjects and their interests. inter-ests. So Grevtown wss not bombarded and the Madrix forces continued in undisturbed un-disturbed possession. ' Eafercs International Law. Later, when the Madrix force took - the bluffs aesr Bluefields snd wanted to bombard th city, they became the victims of th same law that had pro-' pro-' tec ted them at Greytows. The United States, without desire to violate its position po-sition of neutrality between the eon-I eon-I tending forces, simply insisted thst the international law h observed, aad thia, of course, did inure - great It to . the advantage of Estrada. The state department eonld not hsve plsnned t assist Estrada any better if it had desired de-sired to do so. sad yet it insists it was no more acting ia the Interest of Estrada Es-trada when it forbade Madriz to eheil Bluefields than were the English acting ia ths interests of Msdriz when they forbade Estrada to shell Oreytown. That the inevitable result of the refusal re-fusal of th United State to permit the ehelliag of Bluefields would be the ueeeaa of the Estrada revolution was foreseen by ths department, hut the advantage given Estrada thereby waa ' purely incidental and. it ia claimed, played a part in- the determinstirm of ' the" state department to inaist that th rules of international lsw with, refer-see refer-see t defense lees cities be observed. ' Hacbls Mac&ln Mas. Ia spit f th department's state- . meat f purpose and aim ia regard to th Bluefields incident, there are many who insiat that th government was not juatiled is refuaiag Msdris the right to bombard- Blnefielda. Tsey insist that srith the result so determinstive of the ConUaitod, aa pa- ) . . . r DEPARTURE IN AMERICAN DIPLOMACY (f'npfinnct from page I.) whole situation, it would have been better bet-ter fur the I'nilrd Hlates to keep hands "IT and let them fiirht it out whether Ihcv violated the rules of law or aot. This, answers the state department, would have been as much in the inter-rat inter-rat of Madrix as its actual course happened hap-pened to be in the interest of Estrada, and that even more criticism might have attached to it bad it winked at the bombardment of a defenseless city Opinions differ aa to whether it would have been better for Madhi or FMrada to win. The state department depart-ment thinks it was for the bast interest inter-est of the people of Nicaragua that Kntrada was Victorious. It is asserted thai under no circumatancea could yadriz have divorced himself from the Telava machine, and that so long as he kept in accord with it. the evils of Ze-layatem, Ze-layatem, so far aa most matters were concerned, would -continue unchecked and noabated. Madni Left Poor. On the other hand there are others who reject tbia view and assert that bad Madriz been given time o adjust affairs ha would have given tba Ntca raguan people a really good govern meat, and wonld have permitted the selection of a new president, eliminating eliminat-ing himself from the list of candidates in that election. They declare that had he had time to do so, he wonld have made up a new cabinet in which the old Zelaya machine would not have had a controlling voice. They aay that it would hava bee made np of two Lib erala, two Conservatives, and two men from the east coast. Madriz left Nicaragua a poor man. He had less than 12no in gold he departed and some of this he got n mortgaging prnpartv which he owned in Balvador. Madrir. went to Mexico f'ity and resumed the practice of law. He died onlv a few weeks ago. At tha present moment the indications indica-tions are that with the prospect of per fecting the proposed loan as a prize for keeping peace, the state department may be able to prevent another outbreak. out-break. It will insist to the last that the Niraraguan officials shall live up to their compact with the official peacemaker peace-maker of the state department, Thomas C Dawson. Educated in United States. Thia contemplates a full and free election in about eighteen months, and if the treatv is ratified in the meantime, mean-time, the stata department hopes to be in a position to use something more than moral auasins against a refusal to accept that verdict. It seems that on the Conservative side the man who is best fitted of all Nicaragtiana will be overlooked while the others are quarreling over tha office. of-fice. , He is J. Andrea TJrtarho, civil engineer en-gineer of Granada, now aubseeretnrv of industry. He is a graduate of West Point and of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn-sylvania, a man thoroughly in sympathy sympa-thy with American institutions and American ideals. On tha Liberal aide perhaps the best man that conld be chosen would be Dr. Rodolfo Fspenosa, hut he stands little show, since he is exiled every timn an explosion occurs in Nicaragua. |