| Show Establishment of Soviet Government Gov Goy RUSSIA 1 Marked for Reign of I Terror for Citizens of Allies Editors Editor's note Following is the third in a series on the Russian revolution and the Soviet union in world affairs United Press Pre Associations By JOSEPH H. H BAIRD United Pr Press ss Staff Start Correspondent Copyright 1933 by United Press W WASHINGTON Nov 13 Like nearly all governments born of revolution revolution rev rev- the Soviet union did not consolidate con conS Its power without a reign of oC terror at home and grave complications complications abroad The story of the bolsheviks bolshevik's fight against the White Guard and counterrevolutionary counterrevolutionary coun revolutionary ter movements at home and invaders from abroad as told In reports to the state department depart departS ment is one one one-of of the most dramatic in modern history Its aftermath was a ol decade of bad feeling between Russia Russia Russia Rus Rus- sia and other states Moscow Center of ot Activity What came to be known as the terror in iii Russia the Russia the shooting of thousands who opposed the new bolshevik bol bol- did regime did not enter its most drastic form until nearly a year after attar af at- ter tar the revolution of November 7 1917 In the interim the center of political po po- activity activity had shifted from Petrograd Petrograd Petrograd Petro- Petro grad to Moscow Most of the state departments department's reports on the terror came from DeWitt C. C Poole then U.S. U.S. U.S. U. U S. S consul at the present Russian cap ital Although the British and some other oth er foreign representatives In Moscow were In Jail Poole moved with freedom freedom freedom free free- dom and was outspoken in his denunciation denunciation of bolshevik terrorism In September 1918 he reported to the state department from Moscow that the situation of allied citizens here is is' dangerous but that of Russians Rus Rus- I already has become tragic Inthe in inthe the extreme tt Vigorous Protest Poole took occasion to lodge a vigorous vigorous vig vig- orous areas protest with Foreign Minister Chicherin saying It is impossible for me to believe that you ou approve of the mad career into which the bolshevik government has now plunged Your cause totters on the verge of complete moral bank bank- You must stop at once the barbarous oppression of your own people Major Allen Wardell representing tho the American Red Cross in Russia Russil likewise protested in the name of humanity humanity humanity hu manity and drew from Chicherin a reply How can I characterize the humanity humanity humanity hu hu- hu- hu manity of the American Red Cross Chicherin replied which is dumb to the system of e everyday murder and turns against those who have dared to rise against it and surrounded surround surround- ed by mortal enemies from all sides are compelled to strike Our adversaries ad nd s are arc not executed as you affirm af at- firm for holding other political views than ourselves but for taking part partin in the most mast terrible of ot battles in which no weapon Is left untouched against us Nations Circularized The state department meanwhile had become so wrought up over the terror in Russia and the danger to American lives that It circularized the nations a of the world asking them to bring moral suasion to bear on the Soviets to end the butchery Many of them In response ma made e public declarations of regret over events in inthe inthe I I the Soviet union At the same time however the allies al lies began their famous intervention in Russia It was largely a a war measure mea mea- sure Russia had made peace with Germany and the allies were fearful that the Germans would gain possession posses posses- sion slon of large military stores in m the Soviet union at and near Archangel Troops were sent to guard them Also other forces were sent to Siberia supposedly supposedly supposedly sup sup- to aid a large band of Czechs who had become isolated in Russia and vere were trying to fight their way home In certain regions eventually the Intervention on the part of some of the allies took the form of aiding the White Russians against the Reds Wilson Opposed to Plan Flan President Wilson diplomatic documents docu docu- ments meats show was violently opposed to the intervention at first and even after ater the allies aUks had persuaded him to cooperate he appeared to be dubious about the project ct However Wilson did consent to sending a small American force to Siberia Siberia Si Si- beria berla and another to Archangel provided provided provided pro pro- vided it were clearly understood that they were only to guard military stores and aid the Czechs About U U. S. S troops Under the command of General William S S. S Graves were sent to Vladivostok and a smaller force to ArchangeL The British French and Japanese aLs also took part in the inter inter- State department documents indicate Indicate Indi IncH cate that the United States made a serious serious serious se se- se- se rious effort to avoid involvement in Russian politics or brushes with Russian Bussian Russian Rus Bus sian troops Yet there was some sporadic spa spa- radic fighting around Archangel in which U. U S S. S troops were killed American Forces Withdrawn The American forces were wIthdrawn withdrawn with wIth- drawn from Russia in 1920 Their presence there however may provide provide provide pro pro- vide a problem for President Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roose Roose- velt and Foreign Minister Litvinoff in the present conversations as the Russians have intimated they may advance claims for property destroyed destroyed de de- de- de strayed during the invasion For fully three years after the November November No vember vemb-er revolution Russia struggled between civil war at home and foreign loreign for lor- eign Intervention White Russian armies were fIghting fighting fIght fIght- ing the tho Red Bed army on many fronts There were times when it appeared that Russia's new rulers would be overthrown Yet even during the struggle th they y were consolidating their power Gradually Gradually Grad Grad- workers' workers Soviets were growing and expanding And b by 1920 It had become apparent to most unprejudiced unprejudiced diced foreign observers rs that the communists com corn were in power to stay Tuesday TuesdaY Tuesday-Russia's Russia's venture In planned economy |
