Show How Germ Germany ny Lost i Campaign for Paris ParisI I I By FRANK H. H SIMONDS Copyright 1916 by tho the New York Tribune On the lie morro 4 of of th the victory of the Marne French purpose is ii IS clear dear A great strategic victory has been won the whole German conception has been broken All the German armies are in n retreat It is essential t to pursue these armies arnies to turn the retreat into a arout arout arout rout if possible in any event to prevent the Germans taking root hi b France and from presently stepping out in a new general offensive reopening the decision of the Marne In all save the last of these purposes French strategy f failed This failure although materially affected by the condition of the French army after its long struggle and nd the tile disorganization of French cavalry was due primarily to the f fact ct that only one German and the and the smallest 5 had actually been bea beaten n on the army battlefield field German armies had allowed themselves to b be drawn in into the the a hopelessly ca case of othe the bad Salon Saxon position army they real a real had rout suffered but heavy they had losses in iii and the the danger in time drawn themselves s out out of of the tr trap p main seen with reat skill and freed speed and b begun gun a retreat which if rapid was in m the main mam 0 orderly and successful the purpose of or orIn in this same time new German Geman strategy was as to take a po position in France re-es re re establish re-establish sli corf colf- tact between the various armies separated sep sep- by the movements e ein ments of the battie bat bat- pat pat- tie and then seek in a new contest contestI battle batUe which I to win that la decisive man they had 0 official c li host a at statements tal the 1 en Marne e did The not German Ger- Ger adman admit ad- ad mit mil the tho l loss hoss of f th tho battle batUe of the tiie Marne From Sep September ember 3 to September Sep- Sep te 19 they preserved a complete It is I silence on w western operations clear assess too that a German an high corn com mand In this time did not ngia StIle decisive action and the Manic e as the nr remained confident that a a new bat battie tie would win f whatever ea v had a b been te tern tern- PO German a lost o a armies were able to realize many a y of the hopes and conceptions of their comm commanders lai in the weeks fol following following inT lowing the Marne lnders arne They did c ma make KG good their position in France b behind behind be be- e- e hind the deep Aisne resting on the hills Mils from Noyon to the Craonne fa pla plateau at They did restore the con contact c bet between een all their armies a and r t they were able within ten days a after er the decisive battle of or the Marne to ren renew w t the he offensive But they were no not notable notable able to reopen the decision of the le leMarne Marne because while they were e beginning beginning be be- e- e ginning a new now offensive between e. e Noyon and Verdun and striking a a. heavy blow south of Verdun at St. St Mihiel 1 French high command command opened a a. great turning movement west 0 or of orthe the Olse OIse which compelled the the Germans Ger Germans Get Ger- Ger mans to to displace d their their armies sending send sending ing mass masses s front from from Lorraine and Champagne Cham Champagne am to Pi cardy and Artois and thus resigning their plans farther east French British Pursuit All AU these operations very complex when read in official bulletins and utterly confusing contusing to the public at the time they took place become perfectly perfect perfect- ly simple if it the main purposes are axe kept in mind You have first the French and British pursuit begun on Sep September 10 You have the complete check of this tills pursuit after fter September 13 when Kluck stands be be- bind the Aisne digs himself in and reinforced by the troops and guns which are are freed by the capture of ot l on September 7 7 stops Field Flold Marshal 1 French Maunoury l and By September 18 Kluck Is able to take the offensive and drive British and French out of some of or the ground they have taken laken north i of the Aisne I Meantime to the east Bulow EInera who succeeds Hausen Vur and the crown prince have retired slowly save the Saxons who disappear soon Mon a as an army The Ger man line curves around Rheims and the Argonne By the third week eek In n September Bulow who has bias held up Foch Just outside of Rheims attacks takes the forts of Brimont and sand Nogent bombards the cathedral at Rheims but is checked The crown crown prince printe makes a consider consider- able le advance back toward Verdun e east st of ot the Argonne but Is stopped in turn Troops from Metz made a a. sudden sud sud- den den- denand and successful attack upon the theNo barrier torts forts south Of r Verdun and take ke St S1 Mihiel No one of these three attacks had Immediate important consequences conse conse- s yet all three are of ot permanent interest That of ot Bulow because of the bombardment of Rheims cathedral cathedra which Shad had a greater moral effect upon the French nation than anything but the victory of or the Marne Mame That of ot the crown prince because taken together with the operation about St St. It had a very great value In a later hater phase of the war when the Germans attacked Verdun Crown Prince Checked The crown prince was checked after a few days But he got forward sufficiently suf suf- on the road along which he had recently retreated to occupy the town of Varennes and from this and other points was able with his heavy artillery to cut the Verdun Paris railroad railroad railroad rail rail- road by indirect fire Even more complete complete com corn was the success to the south where the Germans by taking Fort FortCamp FortCamp FortCamp Camp des Remains an and occupying the west bank bani of the Meuse Mouse facing St st. Mihiel were able to cut the Commercy- Commercy Verdun line There way wasP a moment when it seemed possible that they might actually penetrate through the breach they had opened In the French barrier and jam join back with the crown prince This This' danger p passed Verdun was vos not enveloped envelope but It was left eft practically without rail communication with the rest of France a circumstance I w which contrib contributed gravely ly to its danger dan danger danger ger when the Germans returned to the attack in February 1916 About September 20 Joffre now as assured assured as- as sut-ed sut that he cannot break the German German German Ger Ger- man lines which have become a wall of 01 trenches trench s from the to th the Oise begins to send troops to work workaround workaround around the German right which does not extend we west t of the Oise These troops came me east ast from Amiens an and aim and the whole network network net net- work of f railroads on which the ther German German Getman Get Get- Ger Ger- man armies depend for their supplies So confident are the French of the success success suc sue cess of this this thrust that at this time MIl the French min minister ster pf of war forecasts the tIle immediate retirement of ot the Germans from France and Lendon London Lon Len don ha has has has' rumor that Kluck ha hag surrendered kl s to Plan Plan this happen happens Instead the Germans begin to answer the French fl operation by bringing banging I troops of their own from their main stain front and putting them then in west o the Olse Thee troops very quickly put an end t bE fiz first t French flanking op operations operations op op- h hy 1 retake Peronne Roy e Lassigny a and d win an action at Bapaume Bapaume Bapaume Ba- Ba establishing in this this' sector a front which endures to the great battIe battIe battle bat bat- tIe tle of the So Somme mine in the summer of 1916 But Joffre JoUre sticks to his plan He has put a a. new army under in about Albert and he now puts De Dc Castelnau In with still another toward Arras Arms and somewhat later Foch ap appears appears appears ap- ap pears In Flanders Again the Germans Germans Germans Ger Ger- mans have to answer the thrust and again they have to draw troops from their Champagne and Lorraine fronts More and more the line Une from the to the Olse loses oses Importance and the tho deadlock becomes absolute Bulow is moved west from front before the crown prince of Bavaria is brought west from before Nancy while the German armes on that front recoil to the frontier Here Here- then expires the German hope of resu resuming ing the the- advance on Paris The field of active operations is day by day mounting to the north The French and Germans are here In the situation of two boys building towers with blocks bocks each aiming to have the higher tower As Joffre p puts ts tsa a new corps in the Germans answer by putting another German corps In But the line lne now develops at a right angle to the former front It passes the Somme it reaches the basin of the ScheIdt the Lys it points toward the great preat French city of Lille Line occupied by the Germans early in the war and then abandoned it points toward Antwerp Ant Ant- erp where the Belgians are still Standing Now at ast last German high command recognizes the situation If there is not a R. change promptly the line of trenches will presently extend from Switzerland to the sea from Belfort to Antwerp perhaps The last chance of a decision by battle will disappear and a deadlock fatal to all German hopes of a short war and a quick decision decision de dt de- de over France will vanish There is now only a gap of less ess than forty miles between Lille and the sea open for a final thrust southward Incidentally incidentallY incidentally incident incident- ally taking Ing the channel ports but prImarily primarily marily manly renewing the drive upon Paris Race Raco to the Sea Hence in in the last days of September begins the concentration of German arm armies lei for the final thrust But before before be be- fore tore t this ls can be made the tho danger of Antwerp must be abolished and the army which has be been n threatening threatening threat threat- ening German communications and ani disturbing ferman plan plans must 1 he 11 II abolished As th these thes plans are laid tho the western vestern campaign enters lt its ita final stage for the first phase of tn the war But Kut it Is well to bear in mind that this last German operation was wa only one more effort eort to regain the initiative the offensive lost at the Marne Germany any is now going to try once more as ag she has baa tried from the Aisne to restore the situation existing when the Marne Mar opened opened- Literally the battle ot of the Mane Is only the brief briet combat between the French armies and Kluck north of Soissons before both came to a standstill Afterward there are the battles battes about Rheims and in Champagne Champagne Cham Charn and Lorraine in all of which the Germans were seeking to advance again Finally Finall comes that operation which the French name picturesquely I the race C to the sea In which c Joffre h k tried I d' d to turn mm u the flank of t the German 1 position hind hr-hind the Aisne and anal east of I. I I the rhe As Af the Germans met this the tle hue In mounted until it ap tp- orn or- or f HP uFe toP spa 11 anti 1 aa as it II moved c f or r exe xe t. t i Ml II 11 p o 1 s1 q p f Bh h n i pr ere er bp hI a II i font on nu d on no page page paget 4 t 4 I SOW GERMANY lOST I i e CAMPAIGN fOR PAR PARIS SI Continued from pa page e 2 2 d deadlock adlock from the North se sea 0 the Swiss frontier t When en the Germans at last lUt recognized t Cl hs- hs possibility they undertook theIr h I Inn Inai effort culminating In the deadly sallies i a t L es of the the and Ypres which's which for them defeats far more bloody s 's here h han flare n the Marne and were not counterbalanced counter counter- counter counter- r balanced glanced by the taking of Antwerp of effort the last tast battles were of the r Germany many any to reopen the decision i I f as e and they are the logical conI con- con I i t i Jence of what bad had taken place about I and andI Fere Fere-Champenoise I Paris rt at nt La I I 1 tm m ne a month earlier I i f b f Part j Already Belgian resistance had bad con con- con I 1 ted seriously to Impeding Geri GrI Ger- Ger I i tn mair plans In the days when every 1 71 G airman an soldier was needed In France Franceta t I ta an corps had to be kept before t to protect the German lines JInes and contain the BetIan Bet Bel- i un Ian field army In Antwerp At the of the battle of Charleroi the j i army had made a sortie In Inthe int t r th the the- cour e of ot which It had almost I relished reached ched Louvain The destruction of ot I I followed ed this fighting and was i Mt nn act of reprisal by the Germans who I executed many men and woI wo- wo I j mv This deed promptly filled the I civilized world with horror and awakened awak awak- wo 1 I i ened protest ened-protest protest in all alt lands Again at the i b the of the Marne a second Belgian I ogle oIle had detained troops which were I i I 1 south and held them until the f 1 i I j critical days daya of the retreat to the Aisne i i I r were passed I I I f To rid themselves of this annoyance annoyance- i 11 Q ear their Hanks flanks to prepare the i Iscar way WAr for tor a final attack to the south I I I th now resolved to have done with wilh King Albert and his gallant little tittle t l arm army air The closing days of September i therefore U etore M salt Belgium approaching her herr I r final agon agony n Before Before ore the German artillery AntI Antwerp's Ant Ant- crumbled with Incredible I s a defences ble rapidity What the two forty-two- centimetre gun and the Austrian j I I aos had accomplished at Lle Liege e at Namur at Maubeuge but hitherto behind be behind be- be hind a veil they now did In the full s of the whole world In less than I I II we a-we meek W k those forts which had been pronounced pronounced pronounced pro pro- Impregnable were heaps of j dust and ashes and German troops had I the river defences and the field I I trenches driving the Belgians before I them By Dy October 7 the Krupp shells I I I ww Wire t. t falling about the noble tower of I 1 Antwerp cathedral The city and andI I suburbs b were breaking out in flames I I. I T Tend end was WR'S In sight i I Antwerp Surrenders Surrender I II 11 c next da day the field army of ot BeIS BeI'S BelIts Bel- Bel 11 Its IS glum um commanded by its Us still l' l e f crossed crossed the ScheIdt on pontoons pontoons pon pon- moved west along the Dutch I 1 f accompanied I by a British coni cont con- con i n t tent made good its escape to join i. i i d armies ft still moving up from fromi i r I the south louth but all aU too late Only a afew afew I few fell thou thousand and troops forced across the I Batch frontier were disarmed and InI in- in 1 I to ted ed Meanwhile by every ertry ship train J t I r thousands of ot refugees fleeing t m the shells that were falling in I 1 rp flowed out to Holland to toI toe I e I a to Joran France e. e A new migration Jip e had begun begin I I ex tl fI end came on October 9 when I city City surrendered the remaining I I I n forces escaping to Holland and I I 1 I I r t laying down the arms they hadt had haded 1 t I. I It ded daf ed fp go I I 1 late October there opened between I and the sea ea the most deadly e ilfin the war had yet seen Fori For Forext I i ii I ext est abc LC lx weeks on a front of barely l' l f C tree some hundreds of thou- thou 1 I t tomen y t men struggled by day and by bye I If e pr the possession of a score of oft I. I a e t I lying straight ht across the path- path Of 01 the new German advance ben bee be be- 1 n the e Lys and the mouth of ot the I I When It had ended In part 3 gh the exhaustion of ot both combats comba combo I tip t ts the Germans had gained a few tew I E la Is of ot territory a few tew wrecked vii vii- 1 M es M. M but In |