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Show III mm 8F SHEEP 1 UHDEBJHSCUSSION Iff'l Dr. F. E. Murray oi' Bureau of I ffl Animal Industry Addresses IS Woolnieirs Convention, ill CO-OPERATION IS NEEDED II OP ALL WESTERN GROWERS IhI cs e,0(s Defecting and lllll Treating Lip and Leg Ulccra-tion Ulccra-tion Gone Into. I'RlllF ' Murray, ihiet inspector of rilllill '10 ocn' of the bureau of animal I'liill I industry, delivered an address before Plsllll "5VOO'1'fnvors ' convention Monday, 'jjfjj Dr. Murray (old of the efforts that are frill being: made 1)3' the government in the hill! It eradication of sheep diseasos. lie said 'n no c0,irs0 taken by the government jJHj J had resulted in almost fho com)leto jfWjj suppression of scabies, and added that I'll f Ul fIvornmcnt is now taking a strong jjHjlr position on the recently developed dis-jl dis-jl case, neero l)acillosis, or lip and lop: Ijlljj J' ulceration. .Dr. Murray declared that ijljijj it is only with co-operative methods ilwlli disease ean "e couqucrod. He IRji I sa'd sac sheep authorities, the :jfinj I associations and the sheepmen must jjjjij I ;joiu in a harmonious campaign, else the government would, possibly, have jJj to hnrullc the situation alone, tre be-jijjj be-jijjj I lievod, however, that co-operation i:Jj I "would work wonders, and that, by con-IJIjl; con-IJIjl; corted action, the discaso can bo" sub-jflNjjj sub-jflNjjj ducd, and, within a reasonable time, iS'll eradicated entirely. jj J Co-oporatlon Is Pledged. 5.j Dr. A. 0. Young, the state vetori-lei vetori-lei Mr narian, also spoke briefly on the distill dis-till i eases of sheep in Utah. He, too, urged I1K co-operation. m At the conclusion of Dr. Murray's fill address the convention passed a rcsolu-Ifc'll rcsolu-Ifc'll I' 'on P'.CR'" 8 co-operation, gijlf In his address Dr. Murray took occa-Wmf occa-Wmf sion to discuss the lip and leg ulcora-En ulcora-En lon from the standpoint of a vetori-II vetori-II j narian, telling the convention how to HI I detect the disease and how best to coni-Ml coni-Ml bat it. In his remarks Dr. Murray 91 followed, in a goncral way, the contents M of a paper on the subject prepared by gill the bureau of animal industry. That IB I paper states the case brio" fly and f j pointedly, and makes valuable sugges-M sugges-M I tions for the treatment of the disease. Mm The paper reads: H lift Manner of Communication. H 71 As a result of several Investigations of H WJi tnc disease affectlns tlic mouths and legs yM oi sheep v.'hlcli Is more or less prevalent Hflf 1 certain districts of Wyoming, a dlagno- a sis of Hp and leg ulceration (ncerobaell-I (ncerobaell-I ffrll losls) has boen made. mm I In so far as the name applied to this af-H af-H 111 I fectlon Is concerned, it Is quite linnia- if ft tcrl.il so long as such a name is dls- Ujl! Jiuctlvo and does not confuse tho disease HIM wltl1 othcr affections of an entirely rtif- Iffill I ferent nature. For Instance, It Is very llH Important that the name "foot-and-mouth L disease" should not be given to this nf-HjiH nf-HjiH fectlon, because the two diseases are totallv unlike in symptoms, aro caused. H by different specific agents, and foot-and- H mouth disease Is so highly Infectious that iHn I every outbreak which" has .appeared on BjJBMj American soil has been quickly stamped HjHJI out before it became widespread. lH ; Furthermore, the ulcerative condition HHIi I which affects the lips and legs of sheep (? do?" not spread from animal to animal Hfjf in epizootic form like foot-and-mouth dls-lilfii dls-lilfii ease, but certain sheds, feed lots, corrals H1WI 1 or pastures become affected with the WHp 1 germs causing the disease, which enter IjjBjr ' the tissues when the mouth or leg Is lull lu-ll flu i jured by briars, stubble, rough forage, HXb etc.. nnd set up disease During the win-VflV win-VflV lcr wnon snow is on the ground and the fliJHJt ' weather so cold that tho surface of the :9I i snow becomes hard and crusted, thus I 111) , making grazing very difficult, the dls- jjMJ ease may spread very rapidly and easily. Iff ; owing to the numerous scrntches received I Ml upon the nose and feet becoming Infected jlM , with the blood and bits of scab whlcli VI ! drop from the affected sheep. Ill . Spread of Germs. I Hi Lip and lex ulceration Is caused by tho HM ' necrosis bacillus, and as the skin of tho IPJ legs, muzzles and Hps are Involved In SI many cases, the name of necrotic der- Fjl matltls (necrotic inflammation of the llflj skin) has been applied. It quite frequcnt-mWS frequcnt-mWS ly happens that the ulcers and sores on iM the outside of tho lips extend Into the Iff mucous membrane lining- the Inside of the Hps, as well as to other parts of the I B mouth, or lesions of the mouth may oc- IB cur through licking the ulcers on the legs, IIHjl which accounts for the disease being also llflj ; termed necrotic stomatitis (necrotic In-iHi In-iHi flammatlon of the mouth). The lmport-IjBV lmport-IjBV ant things' to recognize arc the nature ll&jl and cause of tho. disease, and in this con-lfljl con-lfljl ncctlon it may be stated that all the fljj differing manifestations of the infection IjB by the necrosis bacillus are often brought I fljj together under the term necrobaclllosis. ! Other nnmes which have been given this jBJ disease are acute dermatitis In New Zea-H1 Zea-H1 land; Impetigo labialls in Canada; orf, I Ml nrusta labialls. and contagious pustular IHI dermatitis in England and Scotland, and IIMfn iflgmaul and maulgrund In Germany. Hllllr ri'no disease also eNlsts In tho West In-BbIh In-BbIh dies. New Mexico. Oregon, Kansas, Mon-IflB Mon-IflB tana. Virginia, Maryland and probably II HK in other sections of the United States. Symptoms of Disease. IiVMi The lesions In the early stage usually 1 1 HI appear as an acute Inflammation of the I VM skin on the outsldo of the Hps. This InfllN pimplc-IIku formation Is attended with Ilflflj much lnilainmutory swelling with a dc- I fflOl rlded tendency toward the. formation of I Haft pustules. They dry and form crusts of IflU 11 t:Lllc grayish color and of a fungoid I flflj appearance. The growths extend rap- HflH Idly and become In the course of a few JBW days confluent, forming a large diffused Hflt scab, which when removed is found to HflW cover an ulcerative surface. Slmultau- I flflj eous with this the Hps become tumefied, IjflB swelling to two or three times their nor- IIHB mnl thickness. The appetite usually re- llHfl mains good, but the animals feed with HHJ difficulty owing to the sensitiveness of I flflj the affected parts. In some, cases the IIHJ scab extends from the Hps up over the IjflB' cheeks between the eyes, and at times IBB a muco-purulent discharge appears, IBB which adheres to the nostrils and to- IrflH gcther with the swollen condition of the HBB surrounding tissues causes a more or KlflB" less complete occlusion of the air pns- jjBfl sages, resulting In labored breathing up- IjSS on exercise. In some cases the lesions WBB extend into the mouth, producing cro- BB slons on the Inside of the Hps, .on the BB guma nnd on the dental pad of the hard palate. These lesions, which arc of a BB spongy consistence and present a wnrty IIBB appeanince, arc especially noticed on the H Affects tho Loss. HBB Lesions on the legs as a ' rule co- BBj exist with those on the Hps, hence the luBt origin of the term "Hp and leg ulcer- Iflflj atlon." The sheep at this time will show IIBB some lameness, especially If the ulcers fl appear about the coronet, in the fold of BB the fetlock, or In the vicinity of a joint. EBB The progress and appearance of the ul-RBB ul-RBB cers upon the legs are Identical with HflBJ those upon the Hps, nnd they arc noon IMBJ covered by a thick, dry crust which when ItflBj forcibly removed exposes a granulating IIBB surface covered with a creamy pus. llflBj .Similar ulcers and crusts duo to the Wflflj necrosis bacillus are occasionally noticed IBBJ on r'thcr parts of the animals. As the UBBJ lambs arc born to dlsoased ewes they Uflfl also become Infected, the lesions nppcar-IBBj nppcar-IBBj Ing about the head and on the legs as UBH Irregular ulcers which later form wart-ABJ wart-ABJ like scabs projecting above the surface. IBBJ If the. disease is neglected these ulcers Uflfl may spread over a large, area and is-flflj is-flflj tend deep into the tissues. The general health of tho nnlmnl Is but little disturbed dis-turbed If the course of the disease Is favorable, fever being absent or remaining remain-ing low (lOi.5 degrees Fahrenheit). Susceptible to Troatmcnt. Treatment of this disease is very satisfactory sat-isfactory If begun In time and applied energetically. It should not be deferred, de-ferred, as better results will he obtained by attacking tho outbreak as soon as discovered dis-covered than can be expected If the disease dis-ease is permitted to spread among the band or penetrate deeper Into tho tissues tis-sues of the affected parts. One of the first slops to be taken In the treatment Is to separate all the sheep that are In any degree diseased from those that are healthy. If only a few animals arc affected the best results are obtained by removing entirely tho scabs and shreds of tissue from the diseased areas and washing them once dally with a solution of one of the crcsol or coal-tar dips permitted In the official dipping of sheep for scabies, tho dip being used at a strength ono-fourth greater 'than that prescribed on the label for scabies. Tho disease-responds disease-responds quickly to any of the common antiseptic solutions. Should the disease attack a large number of animals, tho ulcers on the legs may be best treated under range conditions by causing the affected sheep to pass twice, dally through a shallow trough containing a 5 ner cent solution of carbolic acid or a solution of any of the above-mentioned sheep dips. The ulcers of tho mouths may be treated by applying this same solution to the affected parts by means of swabs. Hand Treatment Effective. Under favorable weather conditions the affected animals may bo dipped in one of these dips on two or three occasions with very satisfactory results, provided all the diseased parts aro reached by the solution. solu-tion. In case the lesions on the animals ani-mals have become far advanced It will be necessary to hand-treat them by applying ap-plying a stronger solution of the dip, say one part to throe parts water, once dally. Four or five applications of this treatment treat-ment aro usually sufficient to euro the vast majority of cases without complications, compli-cations, but those of tnc aggravated typo must be handled for a longer period nnd with a moro penetrating and caustic solution. so-lution. For this purpose one part of nitric acid In seven parts of water, applied ap-plied cxternnlly to the necrotic area only. ! will be found voiy efficacious and easily applied to the most severe cases. Frost Subdues Germs. Experience has shown that sound sheep may be safely pastured on land that has previously been occupied by animals suffering from Hp and leg ulceration ulcer-ation If tho winter's frosts have been allowed to Intervene. The germs of the dlseaso seem to be effectively subdued by this means, and pastures which have become contaminated one season may he considered safe for their customary usage during tho following season. The pens, corrnls and sheds, however, must be. carefully disinfected to prevent tho recurrence of tho disease, as these bacilli will retain their vlrulcnco under suitable conditions In and around the sheep fold for several years. The walls, racks and troughs should be sprinkled with a solution containing one pound of pure carbolic acid to four gallons of water, to which enough Hmo lias been added to make the sprayed area conspicuous. con-spicuous. The manure and a portion of the surfnee soil of the corrals should be removed and the Ground sprinkled with the above or a similar disinfectant. |