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Show : jC L Ml BI A 1 ' !. Ji w O c cams : in capturing the city, held It for a short period and abandoned it with booty valued at more than half a million ducats. French adventurers also succeeded in capturing the city after strenuous strenu-ous siege, and departed with even greater treasure. treas-ure. In spite of temporary capture, Cartagena continued to remain Spanish, for, although some of the besiegers were successful, their stay was only long enough to plunder and sack, Not only is Colombia rich in historic associations associa-tions such as those connected with the ancient city of Cartagena, but it is also rich in beau ties of nature which justify the characterization of "A Gem Tween Two Oceans." One of those beauty spots Is the famous Tequendama waterfall wa-terfall and connected with It Is an interesting legend of the Chibchas, the native inhabitants of Colombia. Bochla was their protective deity and Chibchacum, a subordinate deity, was the god of farmers, merchants and silver workers. The Chibchas, like some other peoples of the earth, had their universal punishment or flood on account of their many sins. This flood took place in the great inundations of the Sopo and Tbito rivers, tributaries of the Funza, the inhabitants in-habitants of the lofty plateau of Bogota having only the tops of the trees in which to take refuge. This great flood had been ordered by Chibchacum, their subordinate god. But the survivors turned their eyes to Bochica, their ever-protecting deity, and the latter, appearing one evening at sunset above the rainbow and with a golden scepter in one hand struck such a blow with it upon the rocks of Tequendama that they split in two and through the opening thus made the waters held on the savannah or plain of Bogota were released, leaving it more fertile than before, thanks to the slime that By ELMO SCOTT WATSON 3 w' HERE in Jsorth America . there s I a republic poetically hailed as ' Co-I Co-I lumbia. the Gem of the Ocean ' the United States. Down in South F America there's another republic dm- whose real name differs in the spell-Ufl! spell-Ufl! ing bv onlv one letter from the poetical po-etical name of her sister m the W north and there's more than one V reason for hailing it as ''Colombia 6iJ m Tween Two Oceans." Both of them tier name back to one man, the daring W who is commonly regarded as the r m of the New World Christopher Co-i Co-i b the last year two events have turned pi of the North American republic to- lie South American. One of them was the between Colombia and Peru over the I In of a treaty whose purpose it was to 4 J the boundary between the two countries, eadwaters of the Amazon river are far t i the eastern slope of the Andes which "g the back country of Peru, Ecuador and s however, a treaty was signed defin- boundary, which for the most part fol-Ji fol-Ji !jthe Puturaayo river, a northern branch of 7-zon, which It joins in Brazilian terri-J)In terri-J)In order to give the Colombians access Y (Amazon, Peru ceded to Colombia the nar-, nar-, ';ilNor from the Putumayo along the Bra- i' .frontier to the Amazon and including the Urpn port of Leticia. g Jite their resentment at this arrangement, j 'accepted by the Peruvians of this eastern country of which the Amazonian port of . Is the principal center until revolution 1. Four centuries after the eyes of the Spanish Span-ish conquistadors first widened at South America's Amer-ica's coastal beauty, such tropically wild garden spots as the Bay of Pinorroa remain unchanged and lovely. Part of Colombia's virgin coastline, it may have been the haven for more than one buccaneering crew sailing the seas in search of the storied wealth of the Spanish gold fleets. 2. Painting by Leudo, Colombia painter, in Hotel El Salto at Tequendama Falls, showing Bochica after smiting the rock that caused the rushing forth of Tequendama Falls. 3. Branches drooping with the weight of ripe-red ripe-red clusters of coffee cherries; this coffee tree is ready for the pickers who harvest one of the most important crops of Colombia. 4. "Panama" hats in the process of manufacture. manufac-ture. 5. An air view of the modern waterfront of Cartagena, Colombia, one of the oldest cities in the New World, which was founded 400 years ago, in 1533. It was from here that the treasure-laden Spanish galleons set sail for the Old World as far back as the middle of the Sixteenth century. - . ' had accumulated. This was the divine origin of the marvellous Tequendama waterfall. In the old days It was gold and precious stones which constituted the sought-after wealth of Colombia and even today, in addition to being be-ing the world's largest producer of emeralds, that republic leads all other South American countries In the production and export of gold. But her greatest treasure Is gold of another sort three kinds of "gold" In fact. They are "white gold" or platinum, In the production of which she ranks second ; "black gold" or oil ; and "green gold," or coffee. The world's largest producer of fine coffees and second In world coffee production, Colombia has a leading role among the South American countries In being purveyor to the enormous coffee pot of her neighbor on the north, the United States. In 1032 that giant coffee pot poured out approximately 87,000,000,000 cups of America's national drink, enough to give every person In the United States 725 cups per year or almost two cups a day, and SO per cent of the billion and a half pounds of coffee now Imported Im-ported annually for American coffee lovers comes from the South American states with Colombia as one of the chief sources of supply. Just as the United States looks to her sister republic In the South for a warming, Invigorating Invigorat-ing drink, so does she also look to her for a cool comfortable type of headgear. For it was during the construction of the Panama railroad rail-road across the Isthmus of Tanama. then a part of' Colombia, that the term "panama" as applied to hats originated. While that work was in progress, several of these native hats found their way Into Tanama City and were purchased by tourists and by workmen Owing to the rapid and profitable sale of those few hats larger quantities were brought in and sold. Tourists who carried these hats aw.iv with them, when questioned as to their ori"in very naturally replied that they came from 'Panama and It was therefore generally assumed that they must be a product of that nirt of Colombia and since they were procured in Panama thev must needs be known as "panama' "pan-ama' hats" Thus without further Information ' to Its origin, the term "panama hat" was 'accepted as correct and thus it has remained. (3 by Western Newspaper Union.) perhaps than that of any other city In the New World The early Spanish conquistadors discovered discov-ered the harbor and decided to establish a city there through which the Spanish fleet might maintain contact with the rich New World over which their dominion was rapidly becoming established es-tablished But the native Indians thought otherwise, other-wise, and it was only with the greatest difficulty that they were subdued. On January 21, 1533, the first stone of the new city was laid by Pedro de Heredia In the name of Spain. Thereupon, its fortresses and towers rose quickly, at a reported exnense of $SO,000,000 and thousands upon thousands thou-sands of lives, perhaps the costliest city in men and money since the building of Rome or Athens Span's determination to build strongly and to hold the city against all comers was not w th-out th-out ?oglc Shiploads of gold, silver and emeralds, cost lest of jewels, in the mining of which Co-Ha Co-Ha still leads all other countries, were d.s-naTcl d.s-naTcl ed o the Old World. Caravans of priceless ; Tu f slee and was the site of the s8t S or those times. And like Girth-greatest Girth-greatest battle of t Invaf,ing con. &ge The most famous assault of all has an q"v h!t n eti resque connection with Unit-id Unit-id sTales sS and with one of Uncle Sam's own most precious of national shrines. ov.n fflosi P stormed Cartagena In the li0lt'"a vernon. It was one under command of Admiral of of the most fXr The final stages the military his tor, of ders under of the siege rom d the -ould Wa n. command of on tQ v,rjtlnlil , Upon Cap tam tt ashing the 1742. he found a new no &nd hfi central portion of th PPVprnon In honor of gave It the name of "ount ;,led for Cartagena. The admiral under vhom he thflt of Upon his death the Plf.urother. George Washington nis Cartagena During the period 15 t was attacked e.g h time s by P. Drake. caneers, among them u e - 6UCceeded and his countryman, Ha una. 1 1 'ew the government of President Leguia, i made the treaty. On the morning of tuber 1 of last year the Peruvians seized f ' nd droveout the Colombian officials. s. W President Sanchez Cerro was inclined ow this action, but later supported it, that the treaty of 1922 was not valid K " batI never been put up to his people, ; P the treaty was ratified by the congresses 1 countries. Mnon the League of Nations took a hand I "ffalr. After an examination of the be-ge!tof be-ge!tof the conflict It issued a report which r rise rV?etJ Pern's attitude and asked for the Jiori of the seized territory to Colombia, "t Sanchez Cerro refused, to comply and "Wit Peru Into conflict with the league. yf leagl'e council at length proposed a plan i on May 25, was accepted by both coun-"1 coun-"1 nTh! Peru wil1 evacuate Leticia and '"or, turning the jurisdiction thereof .. league commission which will act to order and use therefore such Interna-lJ Interna-lJ ofr5!s as 't may select; the entire ex-' ex-' W operation being born by Colombia, members of the commission, Col. Ar-Frai Ar-Frai representIng the United States, 'iD'ncsco Iglesias, representative from thei ando Mencla of Cuba, and Lemos J, t,,, ue rePresentative from Brazil, are iei,n I Way t0 Leticia to fulfill their duties a,,1lnistrators. Mea'th lnterntlonal praise for the efforts N ' e sit,, ?. efTecting an amicable settlement Jl tie" T' Credit nlso bel0nss to the sue-Dr sue-Dr ;rlatlons between Peru's new presi-ColoihCar presi-ColoihCar Benavi(1es, and Dr. Alfonso Lo-dent Lo-dent Tf - mlnister to England, who, with ; establW1?6 'nya Herrera of Colombia, '"'Mhpf, a eloser earnest accord be-e be-e lne two nations. ot thl fV6Dt WSS tlle celebratioa last Jan-.yllng Jan-.yllng 0. ur hundredth anniversary of the 1 f festivvtaSena' ColombIa, with a pro-ii pro-ii to rp if and an elaborate exposition :lal 111 which 7 Hle wealth and romance and ?(lf.tli!ige ' ?w centuries had brought to this s Pon or New Woria'' '"" from (v!11 f0r noted navigators of the "N a i,s! ,bus t0 Lindbergh, Cartagena or.v more colorful and turbulent |