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Show GET FRIENDLY I WITH EliE H. Technical Director Says I j Study of Motor Is Essential BY H. CLIFFORD BRORAW I (TcchnicAl Ilrcrtor, West Side V. M. C A Automobile School, .V. Y ) One of the first things tbo owner of an automobile discovers is the fact 1 that it has svn engine which is of i! great Imports ee to the car's offl-I offl-I oiency. One the last things many motorists Jearn is the general prln-I prln-I civics by which .-in 'ninr operates, j! although this is fundamental knowi-edge knowi-edge that every owner ought to poj- I BOSS. When the driver of a car lifts up the hood and gazes at the mechanlcnl ' dokfs l..for- his eyes they appear t: be a tremendous mystery, l' appears to be a very complicated bit of mi-chinery mi-chinery As a matter of fart It Is not difficult wj to become familiar and even friendly wltb an automobile engine. To do this ought to be In the program of every H (,",r ..wn-r .nd ih'- nulckf-r h- gets to H it the greater will be his enjoyment In ' B motoring. The automobile engine is known is an internal combustion engine; that is, the fuel which gives the power is burned In the engine itself. The fuel used In the auto engine Is gasoline. This fluid is put into a tank from H which it either flows by gravity or Is HI forced by air pressure to the carhu-H carhu-H retor or Is drawn into a small auxll-II auxll-II ,iary tank by ruction from whli i it flows by gravity to the carburetor J In order to secure a rapid burning -of this fuel It is necessary to mix it I -with a large quantity of ox gen which i Is mostly readily secured from the air. j The carburetor measures out a small quantity of gasoline. Just the right amount to charge each cylinder each j time and mixes it with the right amount of air to supply th desired II ..amount of oxygen Inning this ml-I ml-I ring process the gasoline is changM 'from a liquid to a vapor so that the rfuel which goes into tne engine Is In it he form of gas. The simple engine of one cylinder Is jl arranged so that a piston may move 1 lup and down throughout its length iand at the same tlmo keep an air-tlghl contact with the sides of the cylinder. This piston is connected with a crank thaft through a connecting rod so that Mhe reoiprocating or up and down m- ition of the piston Is transformed Into jrotary motion in the crank shaft 4 .This rotary motion is maintained J iihroughout all the gearing and other J 'driving mechanism of the car to and ,j' including the rear wheels. The cylinder of the engine is 'equipped with two valves, one for ad-'',3' ad-'',3' mlttlng the charge of j.r;is and the i (Other for permitting the burned or used gas to escape. These are called itho Inlet and exhaust valves. The n .action of the cylinder is this with the piston all the way up in the cyl-lnder cyl-lnder there Is only a small span- In 1 jwhich the gas can be I ontained at fthc top of the cylinder. When the J crank shaft Is rotated the piston will Hfl itravel down th: cylinder greatly en- larging the space at the top When HI It his upper space is thus enlarged a 1 vacuum la created. A vacuum causes H Miction. I Tbo lnlot valve is open at this time and this suction is communicated In ,the carburetor by means of an Inlet H iplpe. A charge of the mixture of jj gasoline and air is drawn In by the I suction which entirely fills the upper H part of the cylinder. H The Inlet alve is then closed and i ras the crank shaft continues to rotate the piston Is forced back to Hi- top H of the cylinder compressing the entire j ,cyllnderful of gas Into the smad space at the top. A spark th n occurs Jj iwhich ignites the gas and causes it to H explode or burn ry rapidly, j Aa this gas burns tin- temperature I rlsos greatly causing the pressure to H increase In the same proportion. This Hi pressure forces the piston down to I ithe lower end of the cylinder turning i the crank shaft and developing the J power that is Imparled to the rear wheels and makes it possible for the f auto to go ahead or back up. jl When the piston has reached the lo-wer end of the cylinder the exhaust 1 valve opens and as the crank shaft Hj continues to rotate the piston moves HI back to the top of the cylinder clean-3 clean-3 Ing the burned gas out of It In the 1 process. This up and down movement ol the piston is repeated by the engine and consequently the car moves i The burned gas as It goes out of the cylinder is still under considerable 3 pressure and if It wero exhausted dl-h dl-h irectly Into the air would make a loud ) report. Therefore, it is conducted by a suitable pipe to the muffler, where l . it is allowed to cool and is broken up H into streams so that It makes very j I little noise when reaching the air. . m It will be observed that In u simp I 1 engine of only on.- cylinder power A applied only one-fourth ol the time. 1 And during that time its force varies greatly Consequently, a minimum of .,q lour cylinders is usually used in an i automobile engine to give a more ;J, steady application ot power and often six. eight or twelve cylinder engines I are found In cars to provide an even .steadier application ot power. H It is necessary to have a cooling ' System either air or water. whlcn Jl! will keep the engine from becoming f overheated. Otherwise the explosion .4 ,ln the chamber would occur too soon fl to be most effective. It Is essential j that tho cylinder be lubricated. The . rf oil should have sutnvient body to Jj maintain a positive film between the 18 ldston and the cylinder walls and yet must not be too heavy or It win 111 consume a great deal of the power JH generated, it should have a hlgh--M power teat that is, it should not de-:iM de-:iM compose rapidly by heat. The cooling 'JSM system also helps keep the oil from 3iS becoming too hot. Having absorbed thee facts, about the engine tho owner can supplement j&M them by reading carefully the instruc-3jH instruc-3jH tlon book furnished by the manufac-turer manufac-turer of his machine. I'erhaps he may want to go still further Into the study gfl of the motor by reading one of tho 'ai several good books on the subject of H' taking a short course In automotive mechanics. Along with this study of I theory he would watch tho operation H of his own motor to get the practical aHJ application of the principles learned. jB However difficult the process may j seem tho driver linds it worth while JHj ito master his motor and thereby In-'Hj In-'Hj j crease the Joys oC owning an auto-jgHd auto-jgHd mobile. |