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Show GAVE US the lUh l's (it we A& !..,: '.8 ,:h.nise ra:!); d so that Ihf.v i j is! ie by day. led, fine black, su'iuj r v f in horizontal and a like ads spiral Li- '.. ! . it'-- - il-1- One seldom thinks vh-:- ;!! s, he i t ONE GOOD FEATURE OF CAPT. mwciiTyj LIFE. !.';,.! i.r - KrniinUcriii In .uU Hu A lieroiin- hrrrwr NoLru watihes the brightly che.rii)? im.i .ue!y guiding light of a lighthouse, what it i ikwatch and pat ieitt In rol.-to keep the light hurting year in an.' year oat through all veathers. tlene-rallthere is for fidi light only and ofier keeper with two the keeper is assist! only by his wife f - ;4 a HouAt-liul.- tin- 11c-- y ir coasts is afforded nt.un. as a rub- the most vanced commercial 'Hiring tile rei of Qu en Eliza eih a as "the Known sinus Brothe hood of tin' Most (ilorious anil Undivided Trinity" was directed by an act of Parliament to preserve ancient sea marks, and to erct beacons and "signs of the sea.'' For more than a hundred years luis hrotnei hood kept up the ancient sea marks, but erected nothing ne.v: then they began to pur-- i chase and operate lights owned by pri vate individuals or t" societies, ana still later they commented to build lighthouses and beacons. Finally, in 1S.")(i. Parliament gave Trinity House of the lighthouses of the entire control England. Meantime, the means of lighting was being steadily improved. The open fire gave place to the oil lamp; then a curved mirror, called a parabolic mirror, was placed behind the lamp to bring the rays together; next, many lamps with mirrors were grouped about a central spindle, and some such lights The greatest are still in operation. stride came when the arrangement of lenses, known as the Fresnel lens, in front of the lamp replaced the mirror behind it. This lens was rapidly improved for lighthouse purposes, until now a cylindrical glass house surThis house rounds the lamp flame. which bend all walls has the rays to form a horizontal zone, of strong light, which pierces the darkness to a great distance. The rapid increase in the number of lighthouses has made it necessary to having some means of telling one from another, or, as it is termed, of giving to each light its "characteristic." Coloring the glass made the light dimmer; but as red comes most nearly to white light in brightness some lights have red lenses. The latest and best plan, however, is to set upright prisms at in a circular framework intervals around the lens, and to revolve this frame by 'clockwork. Thus, the light is made to flash every time a prism passes bete wen it and an observer. By changing the number and places of the prisms, or the speed of the clockwork, the flashes for any one light can be made to occur at intervals of so many ligiiun 1 1 - 1 I j ' P ft Tn AT THE MlNOT LEDGE LIGHT. WINTER LANDING an article in St. 'Lighthouses." Lieut. Nicholas m ElHeott of ill" United States navy says: "The Mediterranean sea was the great cradle of commerce, and some of the ancient beacon towers at the entrance to its harbors stood intact for centuries. The giant statue known as the Colossus, at Rhodes, is supposed to have been used as a beacon and lighthousethe spread of the legs of that great figure of Apollo indicating the harbor entrance by day, while a fire burned in the palm of his uplifted colossal hand at night. Although the account of the Colossus is only a matter of guesswork, it is historically true that, in those ages of ignorant heedlessness of tile need of beacons a lighthouse was built so grand in proportions, so enduring in character, that it became known as one of the seven wonders of the world, and outlived all the others, save the pyramids, by centuries. This was the lighthouse built on the little island of Pharos by Ptolemy Philadelphia, king of Egypt, two hundred and eighty years before Christ, to guide vessels into the harbor of Alexandria. From all descriptions it must have closely resembled our Washington monument, for it was built of white stone, was square at the base, and tapered toward the apex. Open windows were near its top, through which the fire within could be seen for thirty miles by vessels at sea. To build it cost eight hundred talents, or nearly one million dollars, and its height was lens-shape- d, .tni Wiird U Cullei'liir. TAIN i ns hr unii.ir t.itl Wa A POY-roT- is deail. T 11" was the man who Die wold added the 'boycott' to HINDOO JUGCLERY. Yt underfill Mini Kent of oil On Silllt. English language. Deoiended from Mc extraordinary is the expertnetsn of line a long of Hindoo jugglers ami acrobats. Ou it bewho who moves about perched upon a sinlieved that July i'i gle long stick is the latest novelty, says je' those whom ihey an exc liange. This performer is mountserved, no matter ed on a bamboo iole about fifteen feet what kind of a system of rubbery was high, the top of which is tied to a being worked, should be the line of a girdle worn round his waist. A small man's anion, lie undertook in the fall cushion is fastened a few feet down of 1SS.H the inforce thn collection of the pole, which acts as a leg rest. The rents from tenants in County Mayo, acrobat hops around .t large space in , Ireland, for several landed proprietor.-- the liveliest cheerful way, uttering lunrtad whose agent be was. These tapand shouts the by accompanied proprietors, in truth, had no right to of a curious drum. He also exping conthe lands, the same having been and goes fiscated by various English nionarchs, ecutes a aort of dance a little pantomime. It Is a who pies.'ntod them to their favorites. through marvelous of feat a equilibrium. To The poor Irish submitted without on a pair of stilts as high as Uiiu walk as so were and contented ioiig nuii'iuiir, be a performance worthy of exthey could get tiie ntK'twsaries of life. would on our variety stage. But to hibition the 1SNU and Put in crops were small V.op around ou on is cjuite another to ot them Home peasantry suffered, As a means thing. The name man tan do many the point of starvation. of protection, and partly out of revenre, wonderful tilings. He appears absothey refused to gather Boycott's crops; lutely perfect in the art of balancing. they induced tradesmen to refuse him He can balance a very light stick on chin sill plies for his table and they enticed his nose and a heavy one on his servants away, lie was the and then throw the heavy one Into the with his head and catch it on the among the factors and agent in to feel the effects of this powerful end tf the light, When balancing weapon in the hands of the common these two sticks end to end he will make one revolve in one direction and people, and the new process of ostracism took its name from him. the other iti the other. He puts one A crisis was precipitated by the late hand on a fiat, circular stone, throws Charles Stewart Paruell, who in a his feet up into the air and balances speech at Funis, in September, 1SS0, a stick on each of them. At the same time he revolves rapidly on the pivot foamed by his arm and the stone. sons, or daughters.' Even the most coin'oi'iahly Eng-lishni'-- u. lighthouses are genially on lonely headlands, with no liunan dwelling near. Others are on cutlying rocks, oi islands, swept by the seas, and wholly cut off from the laid except in fail There ai even a few weather. which, built upon sunken reefs, seen: to rise from the very led of the sea and against which break with shocks waidi shake then: to their foundations. Smdi arc the Eddystone lighthouse off the coast ol England, at the entnnce to the Eng. lish channel, and ir own Minor's Ledge light, near thf entrance to Bosare the most ton harbor. These isolated and exposed lighthouses in the world. They were built at the utmost peril to human life. Each was swept away by storms after completion and had to he rebuilt. The first lighthouse cm Minot's Ledge was built in S48. It was an octagonal tower resting on the tups of eight wrought iron piles eight ir'ies in diameter and sixty feet high, with their bases sunk five feet in the rock. These piles were braced together in many ways, and, as they offered less surface to the waves than a sol'd structure, this lighthouse was considered by all authorities upon the subject to be exceptionally strong. Its great test came in April, 1851. On the 14th of tha; month it was Two keepers lost their wrecked. oce-ui- surni-drhc- l I m Ore at admirers from Londonderry, packed The bfsieg:r3 respet-u,the mails, and we enjoyed the pudding. At last in the spring of lssl an arniu. n. e was det hired. I was left with my aimed guard, however, ai d all my were sent from 1'olfast or DubWhen 1 had time to taku rail. lin by a breath and read the papers I discovered that my name had become a household word, though I did not imagine it would ever become embodied in a dictionary. a mail t.uek. :.,-- pan.!.-- ! check.-rlHiar.Ie.- 1 Cnnstmas pium puiuiug was seiu NEW WORD n.-.- y an-.''- -- VI. A n 1 h-i- s iii'.-s- t lie-lan- d '.'em I lives. a.1- THE LATE FATHER KNEIPP. Thu r anion "disperce:" Adu.iMte of (he Water Cure Trul input. Father Sebastian Kneipp was born in the Bavarian Shakespeare, who rendered eloquent tribute to the native authority of kings, lords and military commanders, seldom shows a like rspect in his treatment of civic dignitaries. Justice Shallow and Dogberry, fir instance, are so deliciously absurd that their sayings have often been criticised as too good to be true. Perhaps; but they can oc- casionally be pretty closely paralleled. .2 ,1M f Mm f CAPT. BOYCOTT, There is something quite in the urged the people of Ireland to abstain from agrarian crimes and adopt instead Shakespearian vnnwt in the simplic- a policy f iwjnliiui landlords., agents t, of a Newbury-porof former ity bailiffs "to Coventry," which is and in the old days of queues and edd form of expressing what is the A case was being ruffled meant by t lie modern word boycott. tried before him in which the accused, The idea became popular at once, and who stoutly deniel the charge, was asfrst victim was Captain Boythe serted to have stolen from a gentle- cott. Here is the story of the origman a new tet of shirts. inal boycott as told by Boycott himself: "A. pretty story that I should take "I was warned that if I did not cease his shirts!" exclaimed the irate culacting in the inU.ests of my employers I should lie let severely alone. This prit; but when lie was searched a moment later, it was revealed that he was did not scare me, and I continued at the moment arrayed in the whole winking as before. Then the boycott six, one over the other. The good jusbogm. My own harvest wa3 late that vear, and when I tried to hire harvesttice was shocked, villain!" he exclaimed. ers 1 wiis met everywhere by refusals. "What a added, he Then reproachfully, "Why Not a man in my parish or ba'ony didn't you tell me you were a villain? dared to work for me. "The corn remained standing. But Why didn't you save the time of the was i ot the worst. My servants left this court, the spectators and the witnesses, a body, and my wife and children in me were a in you villain the by owning up to do all the housework. were obliged first place?" Then the village grocer and the butcher refused to sell me provisions. In A few years later a constable of the towns and villages tradessame town made a remark worthy ot neighboring also declined to sell me their men Dogberry himself. A knot of little wares. But I would not give in. boys had been banging aoout the enThings went from bad to worse. There trance to the town hall before a public was no fuel in the house. Nobody meeting. As the officer came in sight would cut turf or carry coals for me. all ran away but one, and to this lone I had to tear tip the floors for firewood. youngster he addressed his orders, in Finally I sent my family to friends in a tone of mingled dignity and wrath. Dublin, and prepared for a siege. "Disprrge!" &fi commanded. "People who sympathized with my h I say. V'e can't have no position formed an association known as "emergency men." They gathered here!" The awed youth did not disperse, hut together a score of stalwart harvesters and marched them under polb'j pro he moved on. tection to my aid. That irritated my Mayo friends more than ever, and Hi I.wmlm Treat Well. attacks and sallies became the constant A lamb kept going from its birth w ill of the day and night. order r not only sell sooner, but will sell "Finaly a detachment of soldiers than one that has been allowed to came from Castlebar to our aid, and every opportunity the belated harvest waa reaped and get a cheek-heshould be given them to keep ahead; garnered. We had to guard our corn and it is certain that when flocks are with fixed bayonets, revolvers and managed on iipse lines the financial blackthorns to keep our ricks from beresult will he far and away better than ing burned down, Two servants whom when the opposite treatment is purI imported from England were frightThat tioihing pays better for ened away, and we once more had to sued. A fund was generous treatment is a well known do our own cooking. fact. It seems strange, therefore, that raised for me in England and Ireland, one sees traveling aiJ0Ut the (.ountry but it did not come near reimbursing-mfor my loss and worry. At that many example where the starvation or something akin to is in it, time agrarian boycotting was not ilprocess, progress. legal, nor was it made bo until the crimes act of 1SS7. By that time the 'or Umbrella. system had become so widespread that to sap the whole social insurance umbrella An company has it threatened organized in London. It will condition of Ireland. It was, Indeed, been just a3 well as a most powerful and insidious weapon, umbrellas. insure can" as I am now free to own. My Christmas and New Year's day of 1880-8'iln.l. were anything but enjoyable feasts n hour, passed "And ber husband" Not a day, scarcely "Oh, she has no husband: the man without a fight or a personal encounis a stamp collector." she married ter between the opposing forces. Our roas-istfat- shirt-boson- s. Dis-perg- village, of Ottobern, about seventy-fiv- e years ago, and wan the son of a weaver. He was educated at the Cathilie hospital in Augustborg, where he attracted the attention of tha bishop of Augustborg, who obtained permission to educate him to the priesthood. When sixteen years old he was attacked with nervous prostration, and returned to the hospital. There, in an old book, he read an article on the efficacy of cold water as a cure for disease, lie began experiments in his own case, and eventually effected a rure. When i'5 yearn f he entered the priesthood, and was sent to the church hi his nativo town, where he remained nine years, and in addition to attending to his priestly duties practiced the water cure and met with considerable success. Forty-twyears ago he was transferred from Ottobern to Woerishofen, near Munich, where he continued ta heal the sick by cold water cures, and attracted much attention. In 1889 ha wrote a book, detailing his theory, and since that time his name and his methods have become familiar throughout the world. By permission of the bish op he gave up his duties as a priest and with the assistance of three othei priests devoted all his time to healing the sick. No fixed charges were made, and the voluntary contributions oi those who had been benefitted paid foi the construction of a sanitarium al Woerishofen in 18!(0, capable of accommodating about six hundred children. In the following year a second ant) a third building were erected, largi enough to accommodate 200 priests and Meters, for the church. In 1894 accommodations for COO lepers and 1,000 gen o e, bur-las- 4 I5 i bet-te- nce THE WRECK OF THE FIRST MINOT'S LEDGE LIGHTHOUSE. almost exactly the same as that of the Washington monument; so if you can imagine that great column standing yellow, solitary on a low, sandy desert shore, with a fitful fire flaring from its top at night, y g i will have clearly in mind the Pharos at Alexandria, which served as a lighthouse for sixteen hundred years. .As commerce became a source of great revenue to nations, the maintenance of lights and beacons for the protection of vessels became a national care, but this was or so very gradual a growth that it was not until the beginning of the seventeenth century that the building, lighting and maintaining of lighthouses was looked after with regularity by all governments. The best proof of the slowness of nations to see the necessity of properly g, seconds for that light. Putting in red prisms gives still other Thus each light has its changes. "characteristic," and this is written down in signs on the charts, and fully stated in the light lists carried by vessels. Thus, on a chart you may note that the light you want to sight is marked "F. W., v. W. Fl., which means that it is "fixed white varied by white flashes every ten seconds." When a light is sighted you see if those are its characteristics, and if so, you have found the right one. Another scheme Is used on the coasts of France in addition to those I have told you. It is a means of swinging a vertical beam of light across the sky at regular times. Thus the whereabouts of a light can be discovered by the appearance of its beams long before Inir' 1 FATHER KNEIPP. rral patients were added. By this tlm the revenues of the sanitarium had increased that they enriched the church and also greatly benefited Woerishofen. The town was provided with electric lights, a splendid system of waterworks, and many other modern improvements. Father Knefpp has treated many distinguished patients, including the emperor of Austria, Archduke Joseph of Austria, the Archduke Augtistin ol Austria, several members of the Rothschild family and the pope. Iast year, It is estimated, about 30,000 peopli were treated by Father Kneipp and hU tuslatants. |
